Background
Methods
The main project
Participating GPs and patients
Geriatric assessment “STEP” and rating of health priorities
Data used for the present study
Statistical analysis of the present study
Results
Characteristics of patients and sites of pain
Patients | Total | Pain | No pain |
p
|
---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 297) | (N = 219) | (N = 78) | ||
age (years) | 77.0 (±5.0) | 77.1 (±5.0) | 76.9 (±4.9) | 0.83 |
health problems (n) | 11.2 (±4.6) | 12.0 (±4.6) | 9.0 (±3.8) | <0.001 |
self-rated health | 2.4 (±0.7) | 2.5 (±0.7) | 2.1 (±0.7) | <0.001 |
1 to 4 (very good to bad) | ||||
education | 1.9 (±0.7) | 1.9 (±0.5) | 2.0 (±0.5) | 0.10 |
1 to 3 (low to high)a
| ||||
income | 1.9 (±0.5) | 1.8 (±0.7) | 2.0 (±0.8) | 0.06 |
1 to 3 (low to high)b
|
Number | Percent | |
---|---|---|
front | ||
knee | 74 | 33.9 |
hip | 30 | 13.8 |
lower leg | 19 | 8.7 |
shoulder | 18 | 8.3 |
dorsum of the foot | 15 | 6.9 |
upper leg | 14 | 6.4 |
wrist | 13 | 6.0 |
abdomen (umbilical) | 13 | 6.0 |
abdomen (lateral) | 11 | 5.0 |
back | ||
lumbar spine | 73 | 33.5 |
shoulder | 19 | 8.7 |
thoracic spine | 14 | 7.8 |
lower leg | 16 | 7.3 |
bottom (lateral) | 15 | 6.9 |
cervical spine | 14 | 6.4 |
upper leg | 14 | 6.4 |
nape of the neck | 14 | 6.4 |
neck | 12 | 5.5 |
Association of patient characteristics with sites of pain (bivariate analysis)
Patients without paina (%) | Patients with paina (%) | 95 % CI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Lower | Upper |
p value | |||
frontal knee (N) | 223 | 74 | ||||
male gender | 43.0 | 25.7 | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.82 | 0.008 |
age ≥80 years | 29.6 | 31.1 | 1.07 | 0.61 | 1.90 | 0.809 |
3+ pain sitesb
| 1.76 | 3.07 | 5.49 | 3.12 | 9.66 | <0.001 |
11+ health problemsb
| 11.0 | 13.2 | 3.51 | 1.97 | 6.25 | <0.001 |
poor subjective health | 34.1 | 52.7 | 2.16 | 1.26 | 3.68 | 0.005 |
p.w. bADL | 40.4 | 74.3 | 4.28 | 2.38 | 7.69 | <0.001 |
p.w. iADL | 10.3 | 31.1 | 3.92 | 2.04 | 7.55 | <0.001 |
p.w. daily tasks | 19.3 | 33.8 | 2.14 | 1.19 | 3.84 | 0.01 |
p.w.home environment | 10.3 | 25.7 | 3.00 | 1.53 | 5.91 | 0.001 |
sleep disorder | 33.2 | 47.3 | 1.81 | 1.06 | 3.09 | 0.03 |
depressed mood | 28.7 | 44.6 | 2.00 | 1.16 | 3.44 | 0.01 |
fractures | 22.4 | 20.3 | 0.88 | 0.46 | 1.68 | 0.70 |
falls | 2.2 | 4.1 | 1.84 | 0.43 | 7.90 | 0.40 |
not enough exercise | 29.6 | 37.8 | 1.45 | 0.84 | 2.51 | 0.19 |
lumbar spine (N) | 224 | 73 | ||||
male gender | 38.4 | 39.7 | 1.06 | 0.62 | 1.82 | 0.839 |
age ≥80 years | 29.5 | 31.5 | 1.10 | 0.62 | 1.95 | 0.741 |
3+ pain sitesb
| 1.44 | 3.26 | 4.11 | 2.36 | 7.18 | <0.001 |
11+ health problemsb
| 10.5 | 13.3 | 2.09 | 1.21 | 3.60 | <0.001 |
poor subjective health | 33.5 | 54.8 | 2.41 | 1.41 | 4.12 | 0.001 |
p.w. bADL | 46.0 | 57.5 | 1.59 | 0.93 | 2.71 | 0.09 |
p.w. iADL | 12.5 | 24.7 | 2.29 | 1.18 | 4.45 | 0.01 |
p.w. daily tasks | 17.9 | 34.4 | 2.86 | 1.60 | 5.13 | <0.001 |
p.w. home environment | 12.1 | 20.5 | 1.89 | 0.94 | 2.78 | 0.07 |
sleep disorder | 30.8 | 54.8 | 2.72 | 1.59 | 4.68 | <0.001 |
depressed mood | 30.4 | 39.7 | 1.51 | 0.87 | 2.62 | 0.14 |
fractures | 21.4 | 23.3 | 1.11 | 0.59 | 2.09 | 0.74 |
falls | 2.7 | 2.7 | 1.02 | 0.20 | 5.19 | 0.98 |
not enough exercise | 27.7 | 43.8 | 2.04 | 1.18 | 3.53 | 0.01 |
frontal hip (N) | 267 | 30 | ||||
male gender | 39.0 | 36.7 | 0.91 | 0.42 | 1.98 | 0.808 |
age ≥80 years | 31.1 | 20.0 | 0.55 | 0.22 | 1.41 | 0.209 |
3+ pain sitesb
| 1.50 | 3.12 | 3.99 | 1.83 | 8.68 | 0.001 |
11+ health problemsb
| 10.7 | 13.0 | 2.94 | 1.27 | 6.84 | 0.014 |
poor subjective health | 37.1 | 53.3 | 1.94 | 0.91 | 4.14 | 0.087 |
p.w. bADL | 46.4 | 70.0 | 2.69 | 1.19 | 6.09 | 0.01 |
p.w. iADL | 14.6 | 23.3 | 1.78 | 0.72 | 4.43 | 0.21 |
p.w. daily tasks | 21.0 | 40.0 | 2.51 | 1.14 | 5.52 | 0.02 |
p.w. home environment | 13.5 | 20.0 | 1.60 | 0.61 | 4.19 | 0.33 |
sleep disorder | 35.6 | 46.7 | 1.58 | 0.74 | 3.39 | 0.23 |
depressed mood | 31.1 | 46.7 | 1.94 | 0.91 | 4.16 | 0.08 |
fractures | 21.3 | 26.7 | 1.34 | 0.57 | 3.17 | 0.50 |
falls | 2.2 | 6.7 | 3.12 | 0.60 | 16.13 | 0.16 |
not enough exercise | 29.6 | 50.0 | 2.38 | 1.11 | 5.10 | 0.02 |
Association of patient characteristics with sites of pain (multivariate analysis)
95 % CI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Lower | Upper |
p value | |
frontal knee (n = 74) | ||||
no. pain sites | 1.72 | 1.43 | 2.06 | <0.001 |
bADL | 3.79 | 2.01 | 7.16 | <0.001 |
lumbar spine (n = 73) | ||||
no. pain sites | 1.53 | 1.30 | 1.81 | <0.001 |
sleeping disorder | 1.94 | 1.07 | 3.52 | 0.03 |
not enough exercise | 1.99 | 1.09 | 3.62 | 0.03 |
frontal hip (n = 30) | ||||
no. pain sites | 1.33 | 1.12 | 1.58 | 0.001 |
not enough exercise | 2.27 | 1.04 | 4.95 | 0.04 |