Introduction
Methods
Pilot study
Main study
Exposure measurement
Statistical analysis
Ethical approval
Results
Cases
Cases | Controls | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nMnP (n = 1,427) | Māori (n = 302) | Pacific (n = 70) |
p value | nMnP (n = 1,603) | Māori (n = 746) | Pacific (n = 194) |
p value | |
Age at interview | ||||||||
20–35 | 25 (1.8) | 10 (3.3) | 4 (5.7) | 19 (1.2) | 46 (6.2) | 23 (11.9) | ||
>35–50 | 377 (26.4) | 97 (32.1) | 37 (52.9) | 334 (20.8) | 289 (38.7) | 73 (37.6) | ||
>50–65 | 589 (41.3) | 137 (45.4) | 19 (27.1) | 767 (47.9) | 337 (45.2) | 72 (37.1) | ||
>65 | 436 (30.6) | 58 (19.2) | 10 (14.3) | <0.001 | 483 (30.1) | 74 (9.9) | 23 (11.9) | <0.001 |
Missing | – | – | – | – | – | 3 (1.5) | ||
Interview method | ||||||||
Phone | 106 (7.4) | 47 (15.6) | 2 (2.9) | 207 (12.9) | 65 (8.7) | 9 (4.6) | ||
Face | 3 (0.2) | 19 (6.3) | 10 (14.3) | 0 (0.3) | 8 (1.1) | 16 (8.3) | ||
Post | 1,318 (92.4) | 236 (78.2) | 58 (82.9) | <0.001 | 1,396 (87.1) | 673 (90.2) | 169 (87.1) | <0.001 |
Deprivation quintile | ||||||||
1–2 | 282 (19.8) | 16 (5.3) | 5 (7.1) | 419 (26.1) | 80 (10.7) | 9 (4.6) | ||
3–4 | 265 (18.6) | 31 (10.3) | 5 (7.1) | 395 (24.6) | 118 (15.8) | 18 (9.3) | ||
5–6 | 333 (23.3) | 52 (17.2) | 9 (12.9) | 333 (20.8) | 132 (17.7) | 21 (10.8) | ||
7–8 | 325 (22.8) | 73 (24.2) | 21 (30.0) | 290 (18.1) | 179 (24.0) | 41 (21.1) | ||
9–10 | 218 (15.3) | 130 (43.1) | 30 (42.9) | <0.001 | 164 (10.2) | 237 (31.8) | 102 (52.6) | <0.001 |
Missing | 4 (0.3) | – | – | 2 (0.1) | – | 3 (1.6) | ||
Maternal breast cancer | ||||||||
Yes | 167 (11.7) | 28 (9.3) | 3 (4.3) | 101 (6.3) | 37 (5.0) | 4 (2.1) | ||
No | 1,237 (86.7) | 262 (86.8) | 66 (94.3) | 0.019 | 1,476 (92.1) | 677 (90.8) | 176 (90.8) | <0.001 |
Missing | 23 (1.6) | 12 (4.0) | 1 (1.4) | 26 (1.6) | 32 (4.3) | 14 (7.2) | ||
Highest attained qualification | ||||||||
None | 392 (27.5) | 117 (38.7) | 24 (34.3) | 389 (24.3) | 212 (28.4) | 73 (37.6) | ||
School qualification | 287 (20.1) | 35 (11.6) | 12 (17.1) | 271 (16.9) | 122 (16.4) | 27 (13.9) | ||
Postschool qualification | 745 (52.2) | 150 (49.7) | 33 (47.1) | <0.001 | 942 (58.8) | 409 (54.8) | 93 (47.9) | 0.001 |
Missing | 3 (0.2) | – | 1 (1.4) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | ||
Height (cm) | ||||||||
<=160 | 402 (28.2) | 94 (31.1) | 21 (30.0) | 441 (27.5) | 209 (28.0) | 55 (28.4) | ||
160.1–165 | 429 (30.1) | 80 (26.5) | 12 (17.1) | 485 (30.3) | 207 (27.8) | 38 (19.6) | ||
165.1–170 | 326 (22.9) | 60 (19.9) | 16 (22.9) | 371 (23.1) | 154 (20.7) | 43 (22.2) | ||
>170 | 259 (18.2) | 65 (21.5) | 17 (24.3) | 0.001 | 297 (18.5) | 166 (22.3) | 49 (25.3) | <0.001 |
Missing | 11 (0.8) | 3 (1.0) | 4 (5.7) | 9 (0.6) | 10 (1.3) | 9 (4.6) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
<25 | 643 (45.1) | 76 (25.2) | 6 (8.6) | 797 (49.7) | 236 (31.6) | 15 (7.7) | ||
25–30 | 445 (31.2) | 76 (25.2) | 18 (25.7) | 445 (27.8) | 203 (27.2) | 44 (22.7) | ||
>30–40 | 282 (19.8) | 109 (36.1) | 22 (31.4) | 292 (18.2) | 212 (28.4) | 83 (42.8) | ||
>40 | 25 (1.8) | 34 (11.3) | 19 (27.1) | <0.001 | 33 (2.1) | 61 (8.2) | 35 (18.0) | <0.001 |
Missing | 32 (2.2) | 7 (2.3) | 5 (7.1) | 36 (2.3) | 34 (4.6) | 17 (8.8) | ||
Waist–hip ratio (tertiles) | ||||||||
Min to 0.81 | 490 (34.3) | 54 (17.9) | 10 (14.3) | 620 (38.7) | 200 (26.8) | 24 (12.4) | ||
0.81–0.87 | 502 (35.2) | 85 (28.2) | 10 (14.3) | 536 (33.4) | 224 (30.0) | 38 (19.6) | ||
0.871 to max | 394 (27.6) | 145 (48.0) | 44 (62.9) | <0.001 | 393 (24.5) | 296 (39.7) | 119 (61.3) | <0.001 |
Missing | 41 (2.9) | 18 (6.0) | 6 (8.6) | 54 (3.4) | 26 (3.5) | 13 (6.7) | ||
Waist–height ratio (tertiles) | ||||||||
0.322–0.506 | 487 (34.1) | 44 (14.6) | 2 (2.9) | 656 (40.9) | 196 (26.3) | 9 (4.6) | ||
0.506–0.584 | 511 (35.8) | 84 (27.8) | 13 (18.6) | 532 (33.2) | 206 (27.6) | 26 (13.4) | ||
0.584–1.280 | 379 (26.6) | 154 (51.0) | 47 (67.1) | <0.001 | 353 (22.0) | 311 (41.7) | 139 (71.7) | <0.001 |
Missing | 50 (3.5) | 20 (6.6) | 8 (11.4) | 62 (3.9) | 33 (4.4) | 20 (10.3) | ||
Has had a diagnosis of diabetes | ||||||||
Yes | 115 (8.1) | 58 (19.2) | 12 (17.1) | 102 (6.4) | 84 (11.3) | 37 (19.1) | ||
No | 1,309 (91.7) | 244 (80.8) | 58 (82.9) | <0.001 | 1,498 (93.4) | 659 (88.3) | 156 (80.4) | <0.001 |
Missing | 3 (0.2) | – | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | |||
Age at menarche | ||||||||
<12 | 233 (16.3) | 71 (23.5) | 16 (22.9) | 261 (16.3) | 162 (21.7) | 25 (12.9) | ||
12 | 338 (23.7) | 73 (24.2) | 9 (12.9) | 354 (22.1) | 203 (27.2) | 41 (21.1) | ||
13 | 444 (31.1 | 81 (26.8) | 18 (25.7) | 499 (31.1) | 184 (24.7) | 48 (24.7) | ||
14+ | 387 (27.1) | 70 (23.2) | 26 (37.1) | 0.017 | 472 (29.4) | 189 (25.3) | 75 (38.7) | <0.001 |
Missing | 25 (1.8) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) | 17 (1.1) | 8 (1.1) | 5 (2.6) | ||
Menopausal status at diagnosis/interview | ||||||||
Premenopausal | 413 (28.9) | 95 (31.5) | 38 (54.3) | 392 (24.5) | 332 (44.5) | 95 (49.0) | ||
Postmenopausal | 1,014 (71.1) | 207 (68.5) | 32 (45.7) | <0.001 | 1,211 (75.6) | 414 (55.5) | 99 (51.0) | <0.001 |
Ever used oral contraceptive | ||||||||
Yes | 1,058 (74.1) | 202 (66.9) | 33 (47.1) | 1,282 (80.0) | 592 (79.4) | 80 (41.2) | ||
No | 367 (25.7) | 98 (32.5) | 36 (51.4) | <0.001 | 318 (19.8) | 147 (19.7) | 112 (57.7) | <0.001 |
Missing | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (0.2) | 7 (0.9) | 2 (1.0) | ||
Ever used HRT | ||||||||
Yes | 342 (24.0) | 40 (13.3) | 2 (2.9) | 397 (24.8) | 91 (12.2) | 4 (2.1) | ||
No | 1,068 (74.8) | 260 (86.1) | 68 (97.1) | <0.001 | 1,191 (74.3) | 646 (86.6) | 189 (97.4) | <0.001 |
Missing | 17 (1.2) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 15 (0.9) | 9 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | ||
Number of live births | ||||||||
0 | 185 (13.0) | 34 (11.3) | 15 (21.4) | 154 (9.6) | 79 (10.6) | 30 (15.5) | ||
1 | 142 (10.0) | 43 (14.2) | 13 (18.6) | 135 (8.4) | 85 (11.4) | 16 (8.3) | ||
2 | 465 (32.6) | 61 (20.2) | 14 (20.0) | 548 (34.2) | 182 (24.4) | 31 (16.0) | ||
3 | 364 (25.5) | 55 (18.2) | 16 (22.9) | 448 (28.0) | 196 (26.3) | 25 (12.9) | ||
4+ | 266 (18.6) | 107 (35.4) | 11 (15.7) | <0.001 | 311 (19.4) | 200 (26.8) | 88 (45.4) | <0.001 |
Missing | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (1.4) | 7 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (2.1) | ||
Ever breastfed | ||||||||
Yes | 1,045 (73.2) | 226 (74.8) | 47 (67.1) | 1,244 (77.6) | 563 (75.5) | 143 (73.7) | ||
No | 188 (13.2) | 37 (12.3) | 7 (10.0) | 197 (12.3) | 98 (13.1) | 15 (7.7) | ||
Nulliparous | 185 (13.0) | 34 (11.3) | 15 (21.4) | 154 (9.6) | 79 (10.6) | 30 (15.5) | ||
Missing | 9 (0.6) | 5 (1.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.17 | 8 (0.5) | 6 (0.8) | 6 (3.1) | <0.001 |
Age at first live birth | ||||||||
Nulliparous | 185 (13.0) | 34 (11.3) | 15 (21.4) | 154 (9.6) | 79 (10.6) | 30 (15.5) | ||
<20 | 159 (11.1) | 97 (32.1) | 11 (15.7) | 181(11.3) | 224 (30.0) | 29 (15.0) | ||
20–24 | 533 (37.4) | 105 (34.8) | 16 (22.9) | 585 (36.5) | 250 (33.5) | 73 (37.6) | ||
25–29 | 345 (24.2) | 42 (13.9) | 15 (21.4) | 414 (25.8) | 110 (14.8) | 33 (17.0) | ||
>=30 | 195 (13.7) | 20 (6.6) | 10 (14.3) | <0.001 | 254 (15.9) | 69 (9.3) | 17 (8.8) | <0.001 |
Missing | 10 (0.7) | 4 (1.3) | 3 (4.3) | 15 (0.9) | 14 (1.9) | 12 (6.2) | ||
Total duration of breast feeding (parous women) | ||||||||
Never | 188 (15.1) | 37 (13.8) | 7 (12.7) | 197 (13.6) | 98 (14.7) | 15 (9.2) | ||
Up to 6 months | 276 (22.2) | 53 (19.8) | 7 (12.7) | 280 (19.3) | 99 (14.8) | 13 (7.9) | ||
6–12 months | 219 (17.6) | 32 (11.9) | 10 (18.2) | 278 (19.2) | 101 (15.1) | 17 (10.4) | ||
Over 12 months | 550 (44.3) | 141 (52.6) | 30 (54.6) | 0.058 | 686 (47.3) | 363 (54.4) | 113 (68.9) | <0.001 |
Missing | 9 (0.7) | 5 (1.9) | 1 (1.8) | 8 (0.6) | 6 (0.9) | 6 (3.7) | ||
Ever smoked | ||||||||
Yes | 656 (46.0) | 246 (81.5) | 40 (57.1) | 731 (45.6) | 535 (71.7) | 88 (45.4) | ||
No | 771 (54.0) | 56 (18.5) | 29 (41.4) | <0.001 | 869 (54.2) | 209 (28.0) | 104 (53.6) | <0.001 |
Missing | – | – | 1 (1.4) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.0) | ||
Frequency of alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Never | 253 (17.7) | 81 (26.8) | 37 (52.9) | 227 (14.2) | 149 (20.0) | 109 (56.2) | ||
Monthly | 339 (23.7) | 100 (33.1) | 16 (22.9) | 343 (21.4) | 241 (32.3) | 50 (25.8) | ||
2–4/month | 240 (16.8) | 64 (21.2) | 9 (12.9) | 312 (19.5) | 141 (18.9) | 18 (9.3) | ||
2 or more per week | 592 (41.5) | 57 (18.9) | 8 (11.4) | <0.001 | 721 (45.0) | 210 (28.2) | 16 (8.2) | <0.001 |
Missing | 3 (0.2) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | |||||
Usual amount of alcohol consumed (drinks per occasion) | ||||||||
0 | 253 (17.7) | 81 (26.8) | 37 (52.9) | 227 (14.2) | 149 (20.0) | 109 (56.2) | ||
1–2 | 926 (64.9) | 116 (38.4) | 17 (26.3) | 1,100 (68.6) | 331 (44.4) | 37 (19.1) | ||
3–4 | 158 (11.1) | 35 (11.6) | 7 (10.0) | 196 (12.2) | 121 (16.2) | 22 (11.3) | ||
5+ | 51 (3.6) | 66 (21.9) | 9 (12.9) | <0.001 | 50 (3.1) | 133 (17.8) | 25 (12.9) | <0.001 |
Missing | 39 (2.7) | 4 (1.3) | 30 (1.9) | 12 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | |||
Exercise frequency and intensity (quartiles) | ||||||||
1 | 371 (26.0) | 111 (36.8) | 27 (38.6) | 357 (22.3) | 221 (29.6) | 39 (20.1) | ||
2 | 395 (27.7) | 81 (26.8) | 14 (20.0) | 444 (27.7) | 193 (25.9) | 48 (24.7) | ||
3 | 293 (20.5) | 46 (15.2) | 7 (10.0) | 371 (23.1) | 132 (17.7) | 34 (17.5) | ||
4 | 326 (22.9) | 58 (19.2) | 19 (27.1) | 0.002 | 404 (25.2) | 173 (23.2) | 60 (30.9) | <0.001 |
Missing | 42 (2.9) | 6 (2.0) | 3 (4.3) | 27 (1.7) | 27 (3.6) | 13 (6.7) |
nMnP (n = 1,427) | Māori (n = 302) | Pacific (n = 70) |
p value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stage | ||||
Local | 712 (49.9) | 136 (45.0) | 28 (40.0) | |
Regional | 528 (37.0) | 116 (38.4) | 23 (32.9) | |
Distant | 16 (1.1) | 7 (2.3) | 2 (2.9) | 0.24 |
Unknown | 171 (12.0) | 43 (14.2) | 17 (24.3) | |
Grade | ||||
Well differentiated | 348 (24.4) | 68 (22.5) | 14 (20.0) | |
Moderately differentiated | 587 (41.1) | 134 (44.4) | 31 (44.3) | |
Poorly differentiated | 417 (29.2) | 81 (26.8) | 20 (28.6) | 0.73 |
Unknown | 75 (5.3) | 19 (6.3) | 4 (7.1) | |
ER positive | ||||
Yes | 1,075 (75.3) | 240 (79.5) | 46 (65.7) | |
No | 252 (17.7) | 41 (13.6) | 15 (21.4) | 0.102 |
Unknown | 100 (7.0) | 21 (7.0) | 9 (12.9) | |
PR positive | ||||
Yes | 864 (60.6) | 209 (69.2) | 41 (58.6) | |
No | 455 (31.9) | 64 (21.2) | 20 (28.6) | 0.002 |
Unknown | 108 (7.6) | 29 (9.6) | 9 (12.9) | |
HER2 positive | ||||
Yes | 134 (9.4) | 47 (15.6) | 10 (14.3) | |
No | 734 (51.4) | 155 (51.3) | 37 (52.9) | 0.021 |
Unknown | 559 (39.2) | 100 (33.1) | 23 (32.9) | |
Tumor size (mm) | ||||
<10 | 308 (21.6) | 34 (11.3) | 9 (12.9) | |
10–19 | 416 (29.2) | 69 (22.9) | 16 (22.9) | |
20–29 | 325 (22.8) | 105 (34.8) | 13 (18.6) | |
30+ | 255 (17.9) | 58 (19.2) | 19 (27.1) | <0.001 |
Missing | 123 (8.6) | 36 (11.9) | 13 (18.6) |
nMnP | Māori | Pacific | |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
Deprivation quintile | |||
1–2 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
3–4 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 1.28 (0.65–2.51) | 0.56 (0.12–2.51) |
5–6 | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 1.94 (1.03–3.65) | 0.70 (0.18–2.78) |
7–8 | 1.68 (1.35–2.10) | 1.90 (1.03–3.51) | 0.86 (0.25–3.00) |
9–10 | 2.06 (1.59–2.66) | 2.36 (1.31–4.26) | 0.48 (0.14–1.60) |
p (interaction)** | 0.18 | ||
Maternal breast cancer | |||
Yes | 1.98 (1.52–2.56) | 1.83 (1.07–3.12) | 1.69 (0.35–8.15) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
p (interaction) | 0.96 | ||
Highest attained qualification | |||
None | 1* | 1* | 1* |
School qualification | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) | 1.35 (0.58–3.15) |
Postschool qualification | 0.72 (0.60–0.86) | 0.84 (0.62–1.15) | 1.16 (0.61–2.22) |
p (interaction) | 0.018 | ||
Height (cm) | |||
<=160 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
160.1–165 | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 0.90 (0.63–1.30) | 0.91 (0.39–2.14) |
165.1–170 | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 0.92 (0.61–1.37) | 0.93 (0.42–2.06) |
>170 | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 1.00 (0.67–1.48) | 0.77 (0.35–1.71) |
p (interaction) | 0.98 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
<25 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
25–30 | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) | 1.22 (0.40–3.76) |
>30–40 | 1.27 (1.04–1.55) | 1.39 (0.97–1.99) | 0.75 (0.25–2.20) |
>40 | 0.98 (0.57–1.68) | 1.58 (0.95–2.62) | 1.71 (0.55–5.33) |
p (interaction) | 0.19 | ||
BMI (kg/m2), premenopausal women only | |||
<25 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
>=25 | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) | 1.47 (0.88–2.46) | 0.84 (0.21–3.28) |
p (interaction) | 0.37 | ||
BMI (kg/m2), postmenopausal women only | |||
<25 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
>=25 | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) | 1.21 (0.82–1.80) | 1.62 (0.32–8.62) |
p (interaction) | 0.94 | ||
Waist–hip ratio (tertiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) | 1.29 (0.86–1.92) | 0.56 (0.20–1.59) |
3 | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 1.56 (1.08–2.26) | 0.80 (0.35–1.85) |
p (interaction) | 0.28 | ||
Waist–height ratio (tertiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 1.37 (1.15–1.63) | 1.58 (1.04–2.42) | 2.40 (0.44–13.17) |
3 | 1.54 (1.27–1.86) | 1.82 (1.23–2.69) | 1.57 (0.32–7.73) |
p (interaction) | 0.23 | ||
Has had a diagnosis of diabetes | |||
Yes | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) | 1.51 (1.03–2.22) | 0.85 (0.41–1.78) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
p (interaction) | 0.13 | ||
Age at menarche | |||
<12 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 0.96 (0.65–1.43) | 1.82 (0.76–4.32) |
12 | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 0.81 (0.55–1.19) | 0.50 (0.20–1.27) |
13 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
14+ | 0.91 (0.76–1.10) | 0.83 (0.57–1.23) | 1.01 (0.49–2.11) |
p (interaction) | 0.23 | ||
Ever used oral contraceptive | |||
Yes | 0.67 (0.56–0.81) | 0.65 (0.47–0.90) | 1.19 (0.66–2.13) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
p (interaction) | 0.014 | ||
Ever used HRT | |||
Yes | 1.08 (0.91–1.30) | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 1.89 (0.31–11.33) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
p (interaction) | 0.70 | ||
Number of live births | |||
0 | 1.17 (0.85–1.62) | 0.99 (0.57–1.74) | 0.67 (0.24–1.83) |
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 0.83 (0.64–1.09) | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) | 0.46 (0.17–1.28) |
3 | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | 0.59 (0.36–0.95) | 0.70 (0.26–1.92) |
4+ | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.92 (0.59–1.45) | 0.13 (0.05–0.35) |
p (interaction) | <0.001 | ||
Age at first live birth | |||
Nulliparous | 1.25 (0.92–1.70) | 1.19 (0.73–1.94) | 1.52 (0.56–4.15) |
<20 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
20–24 | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 0.51 (0.20–1.29) |
25–29 | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.99 (0.63–1.53) | 1.12 (0.43–2.96) |
>=30 | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) | 0.76 (0.43–1.34) | 1.25 (0.43–3.69) |
p (interaction) | 0.28 | ||
Ever breastfed | |||
Yes | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 1.16 (0.76–1.78) | 0.62 (0.23–1.71) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Nulliparous | 1.20 (0.89–1.62) | 1.46 (0.82–2.60) | 1.17 (0.37–3.72) |
p (interaction) | 0.71 | ||
Total duration of breast feeding (among parous women) | |||
Never | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 1.09 (0.28–4.21) |
Up to 6 months | 1* | 1* | 1* |
6–12 months | 0.78 (0.61–1.00) | 0.60 (0.35–1.01) | 1.18 (0.34–4.09) |
Over 12 months | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) | 0.55 (0.20–1.56) |
p (interaction) | 0.54 | ||
Ever smoked | |||
Yes | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 1.76 (1.25–2.48) | 1.60 (0.90–2.83) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
p (interaction) | 0.006 | ||
Frequency of alcohol consumption | |||
Never | 1.13 (0.89–1.43) | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) | 1.01 (0.50–2.06) |
≤ Monthly | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2–4 drinks/month | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 1.39 (0.51–3.82) |
2 or more drinks/wk | 0.81 (0.67–0.98) | 0.70 (0.47–1.02) | 1.47 (0.52–4.16) |
p (interaction) | 0.082 | ||
Usual amount of alcohol consumed (drinks per occasion) | |||
0 | 1.33 (1.08–1.63) | 1.24 (0.87–1.78) | 0.76 (0.37–1.56) |
1–2 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
3–4 | 0.90 (0.72–1.14) | 0.86 (0.56–1.34) | 0.72 (0.25–2.06) |
5+ | 1.12 (0.74–1.67) | 1.55 (1.07–2.26) | 0.83 (0.31–2.22) |
p (interaction) | 0.53 | ||
Exercise frequency and intensity (quartiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 0.89 (0.63–1.28) | 0.44 (0.20–0.97) |
3 | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.80 (0.53–1.22) | 0.32 (0.12–0.86) |
4 | 0.80 (0.65–1.00) | 0.77 (0.52–1.13) | 0.43 (0.21–0.91) |
p (interaction) | 0.53 |
nMnP | Māori | Pacific | |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
Deprivation quintile | |||
1–2 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
3–4 | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.88 (1.02–3.48) | 1.51 (0.37–6.19) |
5–6 | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 1.08 (0.61–1.92) | 0.68 (0.17–2.74) |
7–8 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.94 (0.54–1.64) | 1.65 (0.49–5.49) |
9–10 | 0.42 (0.35–0.51) | 0.64 (0.38–1.10) | 1.68 (0.51–5.57) |
Highest attained qualification | |||
None | 1* | 1* | 1* |
School qualification | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 0.82 (0.50–1.34) | 1.06 (0.44–2.60) |
Postschool qualification | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.97 (0.70–1.36) | 0.97 (0.47–2.01) |
Height (cm) | |||
<=160 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
160.1–165 | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.02 (0.70–1.52) | 0.83 (0.32–2.10) |
165.1–170 | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 1.04 (0.68–1.65) | 1.19 (0.52–2.74) |
>170 | 1.01 (0.79–1.30) | 1.04 (0.67–1.59) | 0.99 (0.40–2.18) |
BMI (kg/m2), premenopausal women only | |||
<25 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
>=25 | 1.12 (0.82–1.55) | 1.45 (0.83–2.51) | 0.95 (0.23–3.92) |
BMI (kg/m2), postmenopausal women only | |||
<25 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
>=25 | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) | 0.99 (0.64–1.52) | 2.23 (0.39–12.67) |
Waist–hip ratio (tertiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) | 1.23 (0.79–1.92) | 0.51 (0.15–1.75) |
3 | 1.21 (0.97–1.49) | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 0.94 (0.34–2.58) |
Waist–height ratio (tertiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | 1.41 (0.89–2.24) | 1.52 (0.24–9.68) |
3 | 1.38 (1.11–1.71) | 1.47 (0.97–2.23) | 1.37 (0.25–7.58) |
Has had a diagnosis of diabetes | |||
Yes | 1.25 (0.91–1.72) | 1.43 (0.96–2.14) | 0.91 (0.39–2.11) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Age at menarche | |||
<12 | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) | 0.98 (0.65–1.50) | 1.71 (0.66–4.39) |
12 | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 0.82 (0.54–1.25) | 0.44 (0.16–1.26) |
13 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
14+ | 0.81 (0.66–1.00) | 0.81 (0.53–1.22) | 1.05 (0.47–2.31) |
Ever used oral contraceptive | |||
Yes | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) | 1.06 (0.56–2.02) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Ever used HRT | |||
Yes | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 0.91 (0.11–7.21) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Number of live births | |||
0 | 1.10 (0.76–1.57) | 1.07 (0.59–1.94) | 0.74 (0.23–2.34) |
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 0.84 (0.63–1.13) | 0.77 (0.46–1.29) | 0.65 (0.21–2.03) |
3 | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) | 0.54 (0.32–0.90) | 0.80 (0.25–2.53) |
4+ | 0.74 (0.54–1.03) | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 0.18 (0.06–0.53) |
Age at first live birth | |||
Nulliparous | 1.48 (1.04–2.12) | 1.45 (0.86–2.45) | 1.10 (0.35–3.44) |
<20 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
20–24 | 1.17 (0.89–1.56) | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.40 (0.14–1.13) |
25–29 | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 1.09 (0.68–1.74) | 0.94 (0.31–2.83) |
>=30 | 1.12 (0.81–1.54) | 1.02 (0.54–1.93) | 1.18 (0.36–3.82) |
Ever breastfed | |||
Yes | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 1.16 (0.74–1.82) | 0.71 (0.24–2.14) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Nulliparous | 1.31 (0.92–1.85) | 1.63 (0.87–3.05) | 1.10 (0.29–4.15) |
Total duration of breast feeding (among parous women) | |||
Never | 0.88 (0.63–1.24) | 0.67 (0.37–1.21) | 1.39 (0.27–7.11) |
Up to 6 months | 1* | 1* | 1* |
6–12 months | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) | 0.62 (0.34–1.12) | 1.54 (0.27–8.86) |
Over 12 months | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) | 0.75 (0.19–2.99) |
Ever smoked | |||
Yes | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) | 1.73 (0.94–3.17) |
No | 1* | 1* | 1* |
Frequency of alcohol consumption | |||
Never | 1.10 (0.84–1.44) | 1.00 (0.66–1.49) | 1.05 (0.47–2.35) |
≤ Monthly | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2–4 drinks/month | 0.91 (0.70–1.16) | 1.30 (0.87–1.95) | 1.18 (0.41–3.37) |
2 or more drinks/wk | 1.00 (0.81–1.23) | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | 1.29 (0.41–4.02) |
Usual amount of alcohol consumed (drinks per occasion) | |||
0 | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 0.81 (0.36–1.45) |
1–2 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
3–4 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.68 (0.43–1.10) | 0.65 (0.21–1.99) |
5+ | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 1.23 (0.83–1.81) | 0.85 (0.29–2.49) |
Exercise frequency and intensity (quartiles) | |||
1 | 1* | 1* | 1* |
2 | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) | 0.99 (0.68–1.46) | 0.39 (0.16–0.97) |
3 | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 0.86 (0.55–1.36) | 0.29 (0.09–0.88) |
4 | 0.94 (0.75–1.21) | 0.84 (0.56–1.26) | 0.35 (0.14–0.84) |