Introduction
Methods
Subjects
Apparatus
Surgery
Cocaine and sucrose self-administration procedures
Tissue dissection
In situ hybridization
Data analysis of in situ hybridization
Statistical analysis
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis
Results
Cocaine and sucrose self-administration
Cell density
Region | Subregion | Group (F ratio; p value) | Self-administration duration (F ratio; p value) | Interaction (F ratio; p value) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (CD) | Intensity (OD) | Density (CD) | Intensity (OD) | Density (CD) | Intensity (OD) | ||
Striatum (Anterior) | DS |
F(2.40) = 54.39 |
F(2.40) = 22.04 |
F(1.40) = 0.22 |
F(1.40) = 1.46 |
F(2.40) = 2.11 |
F(2.40) = 0.42 |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.640 |
p = 0.233 |
p = 0.134 |
p = 0.656 | ||
Core |
F(2.40) = 39.59 |
F(2.40) = 17.53 |
F(1.40) = 17.98 |
F(1.40) = 3.75 |
F(2.40) = 22.78 |
F(2.40) = 0.96 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.060 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.392 | ||
Shell |
F(2.40) = 16.16 |
F(2.40) = 11.56 |
F(1.40) = 3.52 |
F(1.40) = 0.39 |
F(2.40) = 6.08 |
F(2.40) = 0.11 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.068 |
p = 0.531 |
p = 0.005* |
p = 0.894 | ||
Tu |
F(2.40) = 10.45 |
F(2.40) = 5.94 |
F(1.40) = 13.78 |
F(1.40) = 0.06 |
F(2.40) = 9.72 |
F(2.40) = 0.37 | |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.006* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.797 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.687 | ||
Striatum (Posterior) | DS |
F(2.40) = 39.00 |
F(2.40) = 54.23 |
F(1.40) = 23.76 |
F(1.40) = 1.64 |
F(2.40) = 16.31 |
F(2.40) = 1.76 |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.207 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.185 | ||
Core |
F(2.40) = 20.41 |
F(2.40) = 43.29 |
F(1.40) = 16.85 |
F(1.40) = 1.71 |
F(2.40) = 11.53 |
F(2.40) = 0.43 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.198 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.647 | ||
Shell |
F(2.40) = 14.79 |
F(2.40) = 45.24 |
F(1.40) = 4.33 |
F(1.40) = 16.00 |
F(2.40) = 4.76 |
F(2.40) = 4.69 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.044* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.014* |
p = 0.015* | ||
Tu |
F(2.40) = 6.59 |
F(2.40) = 9.79 |
F(1.40) = 0.91 |
F(1.40) = 0.01 |
F(2.40) = 1.12 |
F(2.40) = 0.55 | |
p = 0.003* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.345 |
p = 0.945 |
p = 0.336 |
p = 0.576 | ||
mPFC (Anterior) | AC |
F(2.40) = 6.20 |
F(2.40) = 34.38 |
F(1.40) = 9.92 |
F(1.40) = 5.40 |
F(2.40) = 14.52 |
F(2.40) = 6.97 |
p = 0.004* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.003* |
p = 0.025* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.003* | ||
PrL |
F(2.40) = 6.82 |
F(2.40) = 35.23 |
F(1.40) = 9.51 |
F(1.40) = 9.57 |
F(2.40) = 9.31 |
F(2.40) = 8.79 | |
p = 0.003* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.004* |
p = 0.004* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.001* | ||
IL |
F(2.40) = 9.93 |
F(2.40) = 27.30 |
F(1.40) = 7.27 |
F(1.40) = 0.59 |
F(2.40) = 7.69 |
F(2.40) = 2.72 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.010* |
p = 0.444 |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.077 | ||
mPFC (Posterior) | AC |
F(2.39) = 10.43 |
F(2.39) = 20.57 |
F(1.39) = 9.91 |
F(1.39) = 11.45 |
F(2.39) = 3.68 |
F(2.39) = 3.26 |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.003* |
p = 0.002* |
p = 0.034* |
p = 0.049* | ||
PrL |
F(2.39) = 18.63 |
F(2.39) = 22.11 |
F(1.39) = 15.40 |
F(1.39) = 12.99 |
F(2.39) = 5.60 |
F(2.39) = 3.93 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.007* |
p = 0.028* | ||
IL |
F(2.39) = 9.83 |
F(2.39) = 14.17 |
F(1.39) = 0.76 |
F(1.39) = 4.76 |
F(2.39) = 0.31 |
F(2.39) = 1.43 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.388 |
p = 0.035* |
p = 0.730 |
p = 0.252 | ||
OFC (Anterior) | MO |
F(2.40) = 13.99 |
F(2.40) = 36.67 |
F(1.40) = 13.07 |
F(1.40) = 7.77 |
F(2.40) = 13.62 |
F(2.40) = 7.04 |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.008* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.002* | ||
VO |
F(2.40) = 7.14 |
F(2.40) = 25.72 |
F(1.40) = 8.51 |
F(1.40) = 10.44 |
F(2.40) = 19.15 |
F(2.40) = 5.15 | |
p = 0.002* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.006* |
p = 0.002* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.010* | ||
VLO |
F(2.40) = 5.24 |
F(2.40) = 36.00 |
F(1.40) = 1.11 |
F(1.40) = 8.34 |
F(2.40) = 8.19 |
F(2.40) = 6.08 | |
p = 0.009* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.296 |
p = 0.006* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.005* | ||
LO |
F(2.40) = 6.50 |
F(2.40) = 32.47 |
F(1.40) = 0.64 |
F(1.40) = 9.37 |
F(2.40) = 7.90 |
F(2.40) = 5.24 | |
p = 0.004* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.426 |
p = 0.004* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.010* | ||
DLO |
F(2.40) = 1.83 |
F(2.40) = 31.06 |
F(1.40) = 2.84 |
F(1.40) = 12.22 |
F(2.40) = 4.67 |
F(2.40) = 6.52 | |
p = 0.172 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.099 |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.015* |
p = 0.004* | ||
OFC (Posterior) | MO |
F(2.39) = 13.50 |
F(2.39) = 17.08 |
F(1.39) = 2.04 |
F(1.39) = 0.79 |
F(2.39) = 3.51 |
F(2.39) = 0.70 |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.161 |
p = 0.379 |
p = 0.039* |
p = 0.500 | ||
VLO |
F(2.39) = 16.63 |
F(2.39) = 38.23 |
F(1.39) = 1.78 |
F(1.39) = 4.40 |
F(2.39) = 4.58 |
F(2.39) = 1.21 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.190 |
p = 0.042* |
p = 0.016* |
p = 0.309 | ||
AIv |
F(2.39) = 12.28 |
F(2.39) = 40.31 |
F(1.39) = 5.52 |
F(1.39) = 14.40 |
F(2.39) = 4.50 |
F(2.39) = 5.04 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.024* |
p = 0.001* |
p = 0.017* |
p = 0.011* | ||
LO |
F(2.39) = 9.51 |
F(2.39) = 23.86 |
F(1.39) = 6.20 |
F(1.39) = 2.92 |
F(2.39) = 3.61 |
F(2.39) = 1.32 | |
p < 0.001* |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.017* |
p = 0.095 |
p = 0.036* |
p = 0.279 | ||
AId |
F(2.39) = 1.48 |
F(2.39) = 30.28 |
F(1.39) = 0.12 |
F(1.39) = 4.86 |
F(2.39) = 0.06 |
F(2.39) = 3.34 | |
p = 0.240 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.722 |
p = 0.033* |
p = 0.941 |
p = 0.046* | ||
DI |
F(2.39) = 0.50 |
F(2.39) = 12.38 |
F(1.39) = 3.96 |
F(1.39) = 14.48 |
F(2.39) = 1.08 |
F(2.39) = 4.21 | |
p = 0.606 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.054 |
p < 0.001* |
p = 0.347 |
p = 0.022* |