Introduction
Methods
Study populations
Objective PA data—accelerometry
Self-reported questionnaire data
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
NSHD | COSHIBA | MAC | HCS | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n (% of total VIBE sample)) | 686 (45.37) | 449 (29.70) | 259 (17.13) | 118 (7.80) | 1512 |
Gender (n (%) female) | 336 (48.98) | 449 (100) | 59 (22.87) | 46 (38.98) | 890 (58.9) |
Age (mean (SD)) | 69.52 (0.22) | 76.80 (3.08) | 68.50 (6.25) | 78.49 (2.62) | 71.97 (5.13) |
BMI kg/m2 (mean (SD)) | 27.16 (4.02) | 26.81 (4.67) | 22.27 (2.66) | 25.87 (3.56) | 26.09 (4.38) |
Self-rated health (n (%)) | |||||
Excellent | 66 (10.20) | – | – | – | 66 (4.52) |
Very good | 301 (46.52) | 110 (24.83) | 174 (67.70) | 16 (14.16) | 601 (41.16) |
Good | 202 (31.22) | 243 (54.85) | 78 (30.35) | 64 (56.64) | 587 (40.21) |
Fair | 72 (11.13) | 82 (18.51) | 5 (1.95) | 28 (24.78) | 187 (12.81) |
Poor | 6 (0.93) | 8 (1.81) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (4.42) | 19 (1.30) |
Very poor | – | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Occupational class (SOC 90) (n (%)) (highest)b
| |||||
Class groups 1–2 | 346 (53.16) | 211 (50.24) | 170 (66.41) | 37 (32.74) | 764 (53.06) |
Class groups 3–5 | 234 (35.94) | 167 (39.76) | 59 (23.05) | 54 (47.79) | 514 (35.69) |
Class groups 6–8 | 66 (10.14) | 40 (9.52) | 23 (8.98) | 20 (17.70) | 149 (10.35) |
Other occupations | 5 (0.77) | 2 (0.48) | 4 (1.56) | 2 (1.77) | 13 (0.90) |
Short physical performance battery score (mean(SD))a
| Not available | 9.7 (2.5) | 12.0 (0.2) | 8.9 (2.3) |
Questionnaire variables | NSHD | COSHIBA | MAC | HCS | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 686 |
N = 449 |
N = 259 |
N = 118 |
N = 1512 | |
Walking/cycling most days (n (%)) | |||||
No | 220 (32.74) | 151 (34.16) | 72 (27.91) | 30 (25.42) | 473 (31.74) |
Walk | 416 (61.90) | 277 (62.67) | 130 (50.39) | 81 (68.64) | 904 (60.67) |
Cycle | 4 (0.60) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (1.55) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (0.54) |
Both | 32 (4.76) | 14 (3.17) | 52 (20.16) | 7 (5.93) | 105 (7.05) |
No. of flight of stairs in a typical day (n (%)) | |||||
None | 95 (13.99) | 62 (13.90) | 17 (6.59) | 13 (11.02) | 187 (12.46) |
1–2 | 39 (5.74) | 24 (5.38) | 14 (5.43) | 10 (8.47) | 87 (5.80) |
3–4 | 82 (12.08) | 76 (17.04) | 20 (7.75) | 19 (16.10) | 197 (13.12) |
5–10 | 275 (40.50) | 172 (38.57) | 84 (32.56) | 49 (41.53) | 580 (38.64) |
>10 | 188 (27.69) | 112 (25.11) | 123 (47.67) | 27 (22.88) | 450 (29.98) |
Self-reported walking speed (n (%)) | |||||
Unable to walk | 1 (0.15) | 1 (0.22) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.13) |
Very slow | 17 (2.50) | 41 (9.17) | 0 (0.00) | 13 (11.02) | 71 (4.73) |
Stroll at easy pace | 97 (14.29) | 105 (23.49) | 15 (5.81) | 41 (34.75) | 258 (17.18) |
Normal speed | 358 (52.72) | 193 (43.18) | 73 (28.29) | 49 (41.53) | 673 (44.81) |
Fairly brisk | 187 (27.54) | 99 (22.15) | 139 (53.88) | 10 (8.47) | 435 (28.96) |
Fast | 19 (2.80) | 8 (1.79) | 31 (12.02) | 5 (4.24) | 63 (4.19) |
Miles walked each day (since age 50) (n (%)) | |||||
<1 mile | 162 (24.47) | 111 (26.12) | 28 (11.11) | 32 (27.83) | 333 (22.90) |
1–2 miles | 284 (42.90) | 211 (49.65) | 106 (42.06) | 53 (46.09) | 654 (44.98) |
3–5 miles | 160 (24.17) | 83 (19.53) | 74 (29.37) | 21 (18.26) | 338 (23.25) |
>5 miles | 56 (8.46) | 20 (4.71) | 44 (17.46) | 9 (7.83) | 129 (8.87) |
Weight-bearing activity (since age 50) (n (%)) | |||||
None | 378 (59.25) | 159 (39.95) | 1 (0.39) | 58 (55.77) | 596 (42.66) |
Once a month | 99 (15.52) | 72 (18.09) | 3 (1.17) | 17 (16.35) | 191 (13.67) |
Once a week | 87 (13.64) | 99 (24.87) | 10 (3.89) | 16 (15.38) | 212 (15.18) |
More than once a week | 74 (11.60) | 68 (17.09) | 243 (94.55) | 13 (12.50) | 398 (28.49) |
Activities in the past 7 days (approx. hours mean(SD)) | |||||
Non-impact | 1.57 (1.81) | 1.37 (1.55) | 2.04 (2.05) | 1.40 (1.43) | 1.58 (1.78) |
Low-impact | 5.69 (3.87) | 4.98 (3.38) | 6.58 (3.99) | 5.56 (4.00) | 5.62 (3.80) |
Moderate-high impact | 0.32 (0.89) | 0.56 (1.16) | 3.61 (1.83) | 0.25 (0.93) | 0.95 (1.70) |
Accelerometer descriptives
Relationships between accelerometry and PA questionnaires
Questionnaire variable | Low accelerometry band | Medium accelerometry band | High accelerometry band | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
| |
Miles walked each day (since age 50) | 1161 | 11,536.19 | 0.39 (0.32, 0.46) | <0.01 | 1161 | 486.31 | 0.46 (0.36, 0.56) | <0.01 | 1161 | 62.27 | 0.37 (0.26, 0.47) | <0.01 |
<1 mile | 289 | 6877.07 | 289 | 253.33 | 289 | 39.83 | ||||||
1–2 miles | 533 | 11,443.90 | 533 | 514.09 | 533 | 68.78 | ||||||
3–5 miles | 255 | 15,343.65 | 255 | 737.28 | 255 | 87.70 | ||||||
>5 miles | 84 | 22,472.70 | 84 | 872.68 | 84 | 91.93 | ||||||
No. of flight of stairs in a typical day | 1198 | 11,368.89 | 0.16 (0.12, 0.21) | <0.01 | 1198 | 482.87 | 0.22 (0.15, 0.29) | <0.01 | 1198 | 61.64 | 0.17 (0.10, 0.23) | <0.01 |
None | 160 | 8975.19 | 160 | 233.92 | 160 | 42.33 | ||||||
1–2 | 72 | 10,733.72 | 72 | 387.23 | 72 | 66.31 | ||||||
3–4 | 166 | 8472.46 | 166 | 285.87 | 166 | 42.78 | ||||||
5–10 | 479 | 11,945.42 | 479 | 486.31 | 479 | 63.80 | ||||||
>10 | 321 | 13,277.53 | 321 | 680.60 | 321 | 99.13 | ||||||
Self-reported walking speed | 1199 | 11,348.74 | 0.62 (0.55, 0.68) | <0.01 | 1199 | 481.22 | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89) | <0.01 | 1199 | 61.75 | 0.59 (0.49, 0.68) | <0.01 |
Unable to walk | 1 | 746.80 | 1 | 22.60 | 1 | 6.78 | ||||||
Very slow | 63 | 1908.36 | 63 | 78.79 | 63 | 20.26 | ||||||
Stroll at easy pace | 233 | 6073.78 | 233 | 177.38 | 233 | 32.11 | ||||||
Normal speed | 582 | 11,868.43 | 582 | 527.99 | 582 | 62.84 | ||||||
Fairly brisk | 289 | 19,195.57 | 289 | 1045.07 | 289 | 113.61 | ||||||
Fast | 31 | 23,622.97 | 31 | 1064.14 | 31 | 98.89 | ||||||
Activities in the past 7 days (approx hours)a
| ||||||||||||
Non-impact | 0.10 (0.06, 0.14) | <0.01 | 0.13 (0.07, 0.18) | <0.01 | 0.10 (0.05, 0.15) | <0.01 | ||||||
Low-impact | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | <0.01 | 0.12 (0.10, 0.14) | <0.01 | 0.10 (0.07, 0.12) | <0.01 | ||||||
Moderate-high impact | 0.13 (0.07, 0.19) | <0.01 | 0.18 (0.09, 0.27) | <0.01 | 0.25 (0.17, 0.34) | <0.01 |
Questionnaire variable | Low accelerometry band | Medium accelerometry band | High accelerometry band | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
|
N
| Median | Beta (95 % CI) |
p
| |
Miles walked each day (since age 50) | 249 | 33,946.79 | 0.13 (0.03, 0.23) | 0.01 | 249 | 10,654.82 | 0.28 (0.11, 0.45) | <0.01 | 249 | 14,394.34 | 0.40 (0.16, 0.64) | <0.01 |
<1 mile | 28 | 22,795.83 | 28 | 7279.81 | 28 | 5588.09 | ||||||
1–2 miles | 104 | 32,193.47 | 104 | 9281.18 | 104 | 13,550.93 | ||||||
3–5 miles | 73 | 37,050.40 | 73 | 10,664.37 | 73 | 16,050.86 | ||||||
>5 miles | 44 | 36,694.82 | 44 | 15,093.36 | 44 | 17,881.44 | ||||||
No. of flight of stairs in a typical day | 255 | 33,796.14 | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.10) | 0.49 | 255 | 10,064.36 | 0.06 (−0.08, 0.19) | 0.41 | 255 | 14,344.67 | 0.13 (−0.05, 0.32) | 0.16 |
None | 17 | 28,748.02 | 17 | 6233.90 | 17 | 8380.68 | ||||||
1–2 | 14 | 30,226.39 | 14 | 8593.43 | 14 | 13,289.91 | ||||||
3–4 | 20 | 30,375.67 | 20 | 6623.55 | 20 | 7627.13 | ||||||
5–10 | 82 | 34,534.63 | 82 | 10,136.88 | 82 | 16,348.45 | ||||||
>10 | 122 | 34,355.14 | 122 | 10,782.99 | 122 | 15,069.09 | ||||||
Self-reported walking speed | 255 | 33,796.14 | 0.23 (0.11, 0.34) | <0.01 | 255 | 10,064.36 | 0.39 (0.19, 0.60) | <0.01 | 255 | 14,344.67 | 0.29 (−0.01, 0.58) | 0.06 |
Unable to walk | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||||
Very slow | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||||
Stroll at easy pace | 14 | 30,551.51 | 14 | 6847.65 | 14 | 22,518.78 | ||||||
Normal speed | 71 | 31,585.13 | 71 | 7879.40 | 71 | 8074.59 | ||||||
Fairly brisk | 139 | 33,445.60 | 139 | 9989.79 | 139 | 14,918.62 | ||||||
Fast | 31 | 44,347.29 | 31 | 20,690.11 | 31 | 17,070.57 | ||||||
Activities in the past 7 days (approx hours)a
| ||||||||||||
Non-impact | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.08) | 0.11 | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.11) | 0.31 | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.61 | ||||||
Low-impact | 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) | 0.07 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.36 | -0.00 (−0.06, 0.05) | 0.98 | ||||||
Moderate-high impact | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.28 | 0.14 (0.05, 0.22) | <0.01 | 0.26 (0.14, 0.37) | <0.01 |