Background
Methods
Study population
Device implantation
Follow-up and study endpoints
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Variables | Overall N = 422 | Patients with primary endpoint events N = 333 | Patients without primary endpoint events N = 89 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 59 ± 11 | 59 ± 11 | 58 ± 12 | 0.989 |
Male, n (%) | 273(64.7) | 208(62.5) | 65(73.0) | 0.064 |
CRT-D, n (%) | 183(43.4) | 138(41.4) | 45(50.6) | 0.123 |
BMI, (kg/m2) | 24.53 ± 4.71 | 24.85 ± 4.93 | 2323 ± 3.46 | 0.006 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 71(16.8) | 50(15.0) | 21(23.6) | 0.055 |
LBBB, n (%) | 297(70.4) | 250(75.1) | 47(52.8) | < 0.001 |
NYHA class, n (%) | ||||
II | 128(30.3) | 113(33.9) | 15(16.9) | 0.002 |
III | 239(56.6) | 187(56.2) | 52(58.4) | 0.701 |
IV | 55(13) | 33(9.9) | 22(24.7) | < 0.001 |
Initial QRS width(ms) | 166.92 ± 22.58 | 164.43 ± 23.44 | 168.81 ± 19.03 | 0.065 |
Echocardiography | ||||
LA(mm) | 44.14 ± 7.41 | 43.38 ± 7.19 | 47.00 ± 7.54 | < 0.001 |
LVEDD(mm) | 70.09 ± 10.69 | 69.34 ± 10.62 | 72.91 ± 10.52 | 0.005 |
LVEF (%) | 30.45 ± 8.45 | 30.95 ± 8.53 | 28.60 ± 7.91 | 0.020 |
Laboratory factors | ||||
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 2173 ± 2018 | 1912 ± 1798 | 3150 ± 2462 | < 0.001 |
Uric Acid (umol/L) | 433.65 ± 130.00 | 430.15 ± 124.65 | 446.75 ± 148.35 | 0.285 |
HsCRP(mg/L) | 2.79 ± 3.89 | 3.21 ± 3.48 | 5.67 ± 4.69 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine(umol/L) | 90.98 ± 28.69 | 88.65 ± 23.66 | 99.68 ± 41.57 | 0.001 |
Albumin | 42.13 ± 4.87 | 42.62 ± 4.94 | 40.31 ± 4.15 | < 0.001 |
AST | 23.41 ± 11.88 | 22.56 ± 10.97 | 26.55 ± 14.42 | 0.005 |
Big endothelin-1 | 0.55 ± 0.41 | 0.49 ± 0.37 | 0.78 ± 0.45 | < 0.001 |
Medications | ||||
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 330(78.2) | 273(82.0) | 57(64.0) | < 0.001 |
Beta-blockers, n (%) | 384(91) | 304(91.3) | 80(89.9) | 0.681 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 396(93.8) | 313(94.0) | 83(93.3) | 0.798 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 373(88.4) | 299(89.8) | 74(83.1) | 0.082 |
Independent predictors of the primary endpoint from the derivation dataset
Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95% CI) | P-value | HR(95% CI) | P-value | |
Age | 0.996(0.977–1.015) | 0.667 | ||
gender(male) | 1.715(1.072–2.743) | 0.024 | ||
Non-LBBB | 2.142(1.412–3.248) | < 0.001 | 1.718(1.128–2.616) | 0.012 |
Type of device (CRT-D) | 1.489(0.980–2.260) | 0.062 | ||
Atrial Fibrillation | 1.748(1.070–2.858) | 0.026 | ||
NYHA function class IV | 2.356(1.455–3.817) | < 0.001 | 1.663(1.020–2.712) | 0.042 |
AST | 1.018(1.005–1.030) | 0.005 | ||
HS-CRP | 1.107(1.060–1.156) | < 0.001 | 1.065(1.018–1.114) | 0.006 |
NT-proBNP per100 | 1.029(1.021–1.037) | < 0.001 | 1.018(1.008–1.029) | < 0.001 |
Big Endothelin-1 | 1.778(1.256–2.515) | < 0.001 | ||
Creatinine Uric acid | 1.008(1.003–1.013) 1.001(1.000–1.003) | 0.002 0.063 | ||
LA | 1.085(1.054–1.116) | < 0.001 | 1.052(1.018–1.087) | 0.002 |
LVEDD | 1.029(1.010–1.048) | 0.003 |
Letter | Risk factor | Score (if present) |
---|---|---|
A | Left atrial diameter (> 44.5 cm) | 1 |
L | non-left bundle branch block | 1 |
P | N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (> 13.53 per 100 pg/ml) | 1 |
H | high sensitivity C-reactive protein (> 2.87 umol/L) | 1 |
A | NYHA IV | 1 |
Max score | 5 |