Background
Methods
Trial design
Stage I – Full device group (18 patients)
Stage I - FAW group (18 patients)
Stage II - popliteal group or sole group
Outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographics | Full device (n = 18) | FAW (n = 18) | Popliteal (n = 9) | Sole (n = 9) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | 53.6 (4.3) | 52.9 (2.8) | 47.6 (5.3) | 39.1 (3.7) | |
BMI | 30.1 (2) | 27 (1.1) | 30.6 (2.2) | 25.3 (2.3) | |
ASA class (median, IQR) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | |
Premedication given preoperatively | 12/18 | 12/18 | 9/9 | 8/9 | |
Operation length (minutes) | 163.1 (23) | 152.1 (17.4) | 198.6 (15.1) | 140.9 (31.9) | |
Major diagnosis | Cancer | 13 | 16 | 7 | 7 |
Benign neoplasm | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Cosmetic | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Gender reassignment | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Surgery type | Bilateral reconstruction/Insertion of breast implants | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Bilateral breast reduction | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
Lumpectomy +/− axillary node dissection | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Unilateral mastectomy +/− axillary node dissection +/− tissue expanders | 6 | 9 | 1 | 2 | |
Unilateral mastectomy with pedicled muscle flap | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Bilateral mastectomy +/− axillary node dissection +/− tissue expanders | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Peri-operative temperatures in treatment group
Period | Treatment group | Mean temp °C |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Pre-operative | Full device | 36.68 (0.39) |
p < 0.001
|
Control | 36.41 (0.34) | ||
Intra-operative (first 60 min) | Full device | 36.33 (0.41) |
p < 0.001
|
Control | 35.9 (0.48) | ||
Intra-operative (overall) | Full device | 36.63 (0.45) |
p < 0.001
|
Control | 36.21 (0.63) | ||
Post-operative | Full device | 36.81 (0.37) |
p < 0.001
|
Control | 36.45 (0.57) | ||
Pre-operative | Popliteal | 36.5 (0.31) |
p = 1.00 |
Sole | 36.47 (0.48) | ||
Intra-operative (first 60 min) | Popliteal | 36.49 (0.36) |
p = 0.11 |
Sole | 36.33 (0.50) | ||
Intra-operative (overall) | Popliteal | 35.99 (0.51) |
p = 1.00 |
Sole | 35.99 (0.63) | ||
Post-operative | Popliteal | 36.64 (0.36) |
p = 0.09 |
Sole | 36.39 (0.48) | ||
Pre-operative | Full device | 36.68 (0.39) |
vs. control
p < 0.001
vs. popliteal
p = 0.04
vs. sole
p = 0.04
|
Control | 36.41 (0.34) |
vs. popliteal
p = 0.03
vs. sole p = 0.79 | |
Popliteal | 36.5 (0.31) | vs. sole p = 1.00 | |
Sole | 36.47 (0.48) | ||
Intra-operative (first 60 min) | Full device | 36.33 (0.41) |
vs. control
p < 0.001
vs. popliteal
p < 0.001
vs. sole
p < 0.001
|
Control | 35.9 (0.48) | vs. popliteal p = 1.00 vs. sole p = 1.00 | |
Popliteal | 36.49 (0.36) | vs. sole p = 0.11 | |
Sole | 36.33 (0.50) | ||
Intra-operative (overall) | Full device | 36.63 (0.45) |
vs. control
p < 0.001
vs. popliteal
p = 0.003
vs. sole
p = 0.002
|
Control | 36.21 (0.63) |
vs. popliteal
p = 0.02
vs. sole p = 0.51 | |
Popliteal | 36.41 (0.51) | vs. sole p = 1.00 | |
Sole | 36.33 (0.63) | ||
Post-operative | Full device | 36.81 (0.37) |
vs. control
p < 0.001
vs. popliteal
p = 0.01
vs. sole
p < 0.001
|
Control | 36.45 (0.57) | vs. popliteal p = 0.69 vs. sole p = 1.00 | |
Popliteal | 36.64 (0.36) | vs. sole p = 0.09 | |
Sole | 36.39 (0.48) |