Introduction
Historical development
The key – dedicated work by dieticians
Pasta gratin with spinach, champignon and bacon (Serves 2) |
Ingredients
3 dl uncooked low protein pasta Water + a pinch of salt or bullion 125 g frozen baby spinach 1 pinch of salt ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg 100 g bacon (approx. 10 slices) 100 g sliced champignons Margarine or butter 2 x ½ dl half-and-half or cream 2 x 10 g shredded cheese containing at least 39 % fat |
Directions
Turn the oven to 225 °C. Cook the pasta according to direction on the package in water or bullion. Drain thoroughly. Defrost the spinach, press out excess fluid and add salt and nutmeg. Dice the bacon, fry and remove from the pan. Fry the sliced champignons in the fat from the bacon, add margarine or butter if needed. Grease two 1-portion sized ovenproof gratin dishes. Coat the bottoms with the boiled pasta. Divide spinach, champignons and bacon evenly. Pour ½ dl cream over each portion and drizzle the grated cheese on top. Cook in oven for 20 minutes. Serve with a mixed salad, bread and butter. |
Protein content: 1 portion contains 13 grams of protein |
Warm apple compote with cinnamon and ice cream (Serves 2) |
Ingredients
200 g peeled and seeded apple (approx. 2 apples) 1-2 tablespoons of butter 1 tablespoon honey 1 teaspoon cinnamon 2 x 50 g ice cream containing a least 12 % fat |
Directions
Slice the apples. Melt the butter in a saucepan and stir in the honey. Add apple slices and boil them slowly until soft on low heat. Divide evenly in two portions. Serve with ice cream and dust over cinnamon. |
Protein content: 1 portion contains 2 grams of protein
|
1. Meat and poultry | |
2. Fish, shellfish and egg | |
3. Potatoes, rice and pasta | |
4. Vegetables | |
5. Bread and cereals | |
6. Ham, cheese, spreadings, cold cuts etc. | |
7. Dairy and “dairy-like” products | |
8. Fruits and berries | |
9. Beverages | |
10. Margarines, butter, oils, marmalades etc. |
Examples from food group 1 and 2 (containing 10 g protein/serving] | Serving, g meat, fish or egg | Examples from food group 3 and 5 (containing 2 g protein/serving | Serving, g potatoes, rice, pasta and bread and cereal |
---|---|---|---|
Meat, lamb, pork, veal | 50 | Potatoes | 100 |
Chicken | 50 | Mashed potatoes | 100 (1 dL) |
Minced meat | 50 | French fries | 70 (1,5 dL) |
Sausage | 90 | Rice, uncooked | 30 (3 tbs) |
Rice, cooked | 90 (1 dL) | ||
Fish | 50 | Pasta, uncooked | 15 (1,5 tbs) |
Herring, pickled | 80 | Pasta, cooked | 45 (3/4 dL) |
Sardines in oil | 40 | Low protein rice | free |
Tuna in oil, canned | 30 | Low protein pasta | free |
Mussels, canned, drained | 60 | Bread | 25 g (1 thin slice) |
Crisp bread | 25 (2 thin slices) | ||
6 g protein/serving
| Oatmeal | 3 tbs | |
Egg | 50 |
The use of LPD in Sweden today
Practical implementation process
First visit to the dietician
Follow-up in clinical practice
Patient case reports
First patient case
Time | Food group | Serving | Protein, g | |
---|---|---|---|---|
04.30 | Crisp bread, 1 slice | 5 | ½ | 1 |
Rice cake | 5 | 1/3 | 0,5 | |
Margarine, use generously | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
Sausage, 2 thin slices (in total 20 g) | 6 | 1 | 2 | |
Cucumber, tomato, parsley – a few slices | 4 | <1 | <1 | |
08.00 | Yoghurt | 7 | 1 ½ | 4 ½ |
Cereals | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
1 slice of bread | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
1 slice of crisp bread | 5 | ½ | 1 | |
Margarine, use generously | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
Sandwich spread | 6 | 1 | 2 | |
Cucumber, tomato, parsley – a few slices | 4 | <1 | <1 | |
Apple | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
10.00 | Coffee | 9 | n.r | 0 |
Cookie, cracker or bun | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
12.30 | Potato, rice or pasta | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Meat, chicken or fish | 1 or 2 | 1 | 10 | |
Margarine or oil for cooking | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
Cream, crème fraiche or half-n-half (for sauce) | 7 | ½ | 1 | |
Vegetables | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
Dressing, mayo or, margarine for the veggies | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
Boiled or canned fruit | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
Whipped cream | 7 | ¼ | ½ | |
16.00 | Low protein bread | 5 | n.r | 0 |
Margarine, use generously | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
Jam, marmalade, honey | 10 | n.r | 0 | |
2 slices of bread | 5 | 2 | 4 | |
18.00 | Margarine, use generously | 10 | n.r | 0 |
Sandwich spread | 6 | 2 | 4 | |
A few veggie slices | 4 | <1 | <1 | |
1 glass of rosehip cream | 9 | n.r | 0 | |
Low protein bread | 5 | n.r | 0 | |
20.00 | Margarine, use generously | 10 | n.r | 0 |
Jam, marmalade, honey or a few veggie slices | 4 or 10 | <1 | <1 | |
½ apple | 8 | ½ | ½ |
Sept 1998 | Feb 2000 | May 2002 | June 2004 | May 2006 | Mar 2008 | Mar 2010 | May 2013 | Oct 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 70,6* | 72 | 72,5 | 72 | 75 | 73,5 | 73 | 73 | 71 |
GFR (mL/min) | 30 | 28 | 23 | 20 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | |
FFMI (DXA or BIS] | Oct 2009 17,1 | 17,3 | |||||||
FMI (DXA or BIS) | 6,8 | 5,2 | |||||||
S-Creatinine (μmol/L) | 209 | 215 | 229 | 213 | 212 | 256 | 265 | 328 | 454 |
S-Urea (mmol/L) | 12 | 9,4 | 12,2 | 11,2 | 15,6 | 13,9 | 16,9 | 23,3 | |
s-Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1,2 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,3 | 1,4 | ||
Protein intake (g/day: food diaries, 24 h recall or UNA) | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,75 | 0,73 | 0,7 | |||
Energy intake (kcal/day, food diaries) | 1900 | 1900 | 2500 | 2600 | 2650 |
Second patient case
1st visit February 2012 | 2nd visit April 2012 | Last visit before starting dialysis June 2014 | |
---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 84,3 | 82,9 | 76 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29 | 28 | 25 |
eGFR (mL/min/1,73 m2) | 19 | 16 | 12 |
P-Urea (mmol/L) | 28,8 | 18,3 | 24,4 |
P-Creatinine (μmol/L) | 389 | 401 | 777 |
P-Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,4 |
P-Potassium (mmol/L) | 3,6 | 3,8 | 4,0 |
P-Albumin (g/L) | 38 | 39 | 38 |
Pt(U)-Urea (mmol/d) | 205 = 47 g protein | 162 = 40 g protein |
Dietary recall at 1st encounter (February 2012)
-
Add rice, potatoes, macaroni or spaghetti (ordinary or low protein pasta) to the food
-
Add sauces to the food (use cream or crème fraiche instead of milk)
-
Add cooked or raw vegetables. Put some margarine or butter on cooked vegetables and use oil-based dressing in the salad
-
Milk is very rich in protein (1 liter = 35 g protein) and is therefore not recommended to drink with the meal. Recommended beverages are: beer, lemonade or water
-
Add a dessert to the meal. For example canned fruit, fruit salad, rose hip soup, soup of berries with whipped cream
-
Use standard 80 % fat margarine and dairy products instead of low fat products.
-
Extend the snacks between meals (buns, biscuits, fruit)