Background
Methods
Subjects
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Imaging procedures
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Number | Side | Mechanism of injury | MRA findings |
---|---|---|---|
1 | L | Lifting heavy weight felt snap | Full thickness tear of SST and SScapT |
2 | R | Fall down steps | Bruising to deltoid |
3 | R | Lifting heavy object felt snap | Possible Posterior labral tear |
4 | R | Jerk to shoulder felt whilst caring for & lifting wife | Full thickness tear of SST and partial tear of SScapT tendon |
5 | L | Fall onto shoulder whilst snowboarding | Normal images |
6 | L | Fall onto arm playing football | SLAP lesion with undisplaced humeral neck fracture |
7 | L | Dived into swimming pool | Evidence of anatomically resolved dislocation. Stripping of anterior capsule from glenoid. |
8 | L | Slipped down embankment with shoulder abducted | IFST tear SScapT tear |
9 | L | Alleged assault to shoulder | Posterior capsule tear and posterior superior labral tear |
10 | R | Rugby. Fall in abduction onto shoulder | Middle glenohumeral tear and partial SST tear |
11 | L | Fall plus direct blow to shoulder against wall | Torn SST tendon, torn SScapT, subluxed biceps tendon. Capsular tear. |
12 | R | Trip and Fall with direct trauma to shoulder | Partial SST tear and degenerative ACJ |
13 | L | Arm pulled backwards into excessive abduction. | Tear of distal aspect SST. Probable fracture greater tuberosity. |
14 | L | Fall whilst ice skating | Partial tear of the distal aspect of the SST Fracture of the greater tuberosity |
15 | L | Fall from low roof | Minor ACJ disruption and a possible bone bruise/undisplaced fracture of the clavicle |
16 | R | Roof fell onto shoulder | Tear of the SST musculo-tendinous junction and a bone bruise of the outer clavicle |
17 | L | Hit with Lacrosse stick | Full thickness tear of the SST. |
18 | R | Alleged assault | Appearances suggest minor ACJ injury, though no bone bruise or fracture seen. |
19 | R | Pulled side tarpaulin on truck | SST tear |
20 | R | tripped on pavement direct trauma to shoulder | Full thickness tear of the SST, a partial thickness tear of the SScapT tendon and a subluxed biceps tendon. |
Patient number | Initial presentation clinical findings | Clinical findings at 2 weeks follow up |
---|---|---|
1 | Active Abd 45; active flexion 90; positive Speed’s test, empty can test. SSS = 9/12 | Active Abd 45; Active Flexion 90; positive Neer test, Empty can test Speed’s test, O’Brien’s test; SSS = 8/12 |
2 | Active Abd 145; active flexion 150; positive Speed’s test, empty can test, resisted Ext Rot, Lift off test. SSS = 11/12 | Not available |
3 | Active Abd 20; active flexion 45; unable to do any shoulder specific tests. SSS = 11/12 | Active Abd 160; Active Flexion 170; positive Neer test; empty can test; SSS = 11/12 |
4 | Active Abd120; Active flexion120; positive empty can test; SSS = 7/12 | Active Abd 170; Active Flexion 170; positive Speed’s test; O’Brien’s test; SSS = 5/12 |
5 | Active Abd 80; Active Flexion100; positive painful arc, empty can test, O’Brien’s test; SSS = 5/12 | Active Abd 90; Active Flexion 90;positive Neer test; Hawkins test; O’Brien’s test; SSS = 2/12 |
6 | Active Abd 90; Active Flexion 130; positive painful arc; empty can; lift off test. SSS = 8/12 | Active Abd 120; Active Flexion 100 positive painful arc; Neer test; Hawkins test; empty can test; O’Brien’s test; SSS = 10/12 |
7 | Active Abd 180; Active Flexion 180; positive lift off text, crank test, O’Brien’s test. SSS = 6/12 | Active Abd 180; Active Flexion 180 positive painful arc; lift off test; empty can test; Neer test; crank test, O’Brien’s test. SSS = 6/12 |
8 | Active Abd 90; 100; Positive Neer test; Hawkins test; empty can test; Speed’s test; O’Brien’s test. SSS = 8/12 | Active Abd 80; Active Flexion 150 positive empty can, resisted Ext Rot; Speed’s test SSS = 7/12 |
9 | Active Abd 50; Active flex 60; positive empty can test. SSS = 7/12 | Active Abd 50; Active Flexion 45; Neer test; Hawkins test; empty can test; O’Brien’s test; resisted Ext Rot. SSS = 7/12 |
10 | Active Abd 70; Active Flex 80; positive painful arc; Neer test; resisted Ext Rot; Crank test. SSS = n/a | Not Available |
11 | Active Abd 30; Active Flexion 30; positive Neer test. SSS = 12/12 | Active Abd 45; active flexion 20; positive empty can test, O’Brien’s test. SSS = 11/12 |
12 | Trip and Fall onto shoulder Active Abd 20; Active Flexion 40; positive painful arc; SSS = 12/12 | Active Abd 50/ Active flexion 90; positive painful arc, empty can test; SSS = 7/12 |
13 | Active Abd 120; Active Flexion 120; positive painful arc, Neer test; Hawkins test; O’Brien’s test; SSS = 9/12 | Active Abd 120; Active Flexion 120; positive painful arc, Neer test; Hawkins test; O’Brien’s test; SSS = 9/12 |
14 | Active Abd 30; Active Flexion 30; positive resisted Ext Rot. SSS = 10/12 | Active Abd 25 Active Flexion 25; positive Neer test Hawkins; resisted Ext Rot; SSS = 9/12 |
15 | Active Abd 60; Active Flexion 60; positive painful arc; empty can test; SSS = 9/12 | Not Available |
16 | Active Abd 70; Active Flexion 80; positive painful arc; Resisted Ext Rot; SSS = 9/12 | Active Abd 40; Active flexion 45; unable to do any shoulder specific tests.SSS = 9/12 |
17 | Active Abd;??Active Flexion??; positive Speed’s test; SSS = 10/12 | Active Abd 145;Active Flex 120; positive Neer’s, Hawkins, empty can, Lift off test; O’Brien’s test |
18 | Active Abd 80; Active Flexion 80; unable to do any shoulder specific tests. SSS = 12/12 | Active Abd 45; Active Flexion 80; painful arc;positive Neer; Hawkins. SSS = 12/12 |
19 | Active Abd 90; Active Flexion 80; painful arc, Neer test; Hawkins test; positive empty can; Speed’s test SSS = 11/12 | Active Abd 100; Active Flexion 90; painful arc; positive Neer; Hawkins’empty can; O’Brien’s; SSS = 10/12 |
20 | Tripped on pavement and fell onto shoulder Active Abd 70; Active Flexion 90; painful arc; positive empty can test; SSS = 7/12 | Active Abd 180; Active Flexion 180; positive empty can; SSS = 9/12 |