Background
Methods
Participants
Data collection protocol
Cognitive interviews
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
Data analysis
Results
Men (n = 28) | Women (n = 27) | Total (N = 55) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%)b
| n | (%)b
| n | (%)b
| |
Demographics
| ||||||
Age, years | ||||||
65-69 | 8 | (29) | 10 | (37) | 18 | (33) |
70-74 | 11 | (39) | 8 | (30) | 19 | (35) |
≥75 | 9 | (32) | 9 | (33) | 18 | (33) |
Country of birth | ||||||
Australia | 19 | (68) | 15 | (56 | 34 | (62) |
Other English-speaking country | 8 | (29) | 9 | (33) | 17 | (31) |
Non-English-speaking country | 1 | (4) | 3 | (11) | 4 | (7) |
Education | ||||||
No tertiary education | 3 | (11) | 3 | (11) | 6 | (11) |
Certificate or trade | 10 | (36) | 9 | (33) | 19 | (35) |
University degree or higher | 15 | (54) | 15 | (56) | 30 | (55) |
Employment | ||||||
Employed | 2 | (7) | 3 | (11) | 5 | (9) |
Retired/not employed | 26 | (94) | 24 | (89) | 50 | (91) |
Income management | ||||||
Easy | 13 | (46) | 10 | (37) | 23 | (42) |
Not too bad | 13 | (46) | 11 | (41) | 24 | (44) |
Difficult/impossible | 2 | (7) | 6 | (22) | 8 | (15) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married/common-law marriage |
22
|
(79)
|
14
|
(52)
|
36
|
(66)
|
Widowed/never married/separated/divorced |
6
|
(21)
|
13
|
(48)
|
19
|
(35)
|
Health
| ||||||
Self-rated health | ||||||
Excellent | 9 | (32) | 5 | (19) | 14 | (26) |
Very good | 8 | (29) | 16 | (59) | 24 | (44) |
Good | 11 | (39) | 6 | (22) | 17 | (31) |
Limited in walking 500 m | ||||||
Limited a little | 2 | (7) | 3 | (11) | 5 | (9) |
Not limited | 26 | (93) | 24 | (89) | 50 | (91) |
Sitting activities
IPAQ | PASE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Questionnaire specifications
| ||||
- Behavior examined
| Sitting on a week day in last 7 days | Sitting per day in last 7 days | ||
- Domain
| Sitting at work, at home, while doing course work and during leisure time | Leisure time activity | ||
- Examples
| Sitting at a desk, visiting friends, reading, or sitting or lying down to watch television | Reading, watching TV, or doing handcrafts | ||
IPAQ
|
PASE
| |||
Women
|
Men
|
Women
|
Men
| |
Activities reported, as asked about in examples
| ||||
- Sitting at a desk
| - working at desk | |||
- Visiting friends
| - social activities | - social activities | ||
- visits | - visits | |||
- Reading
| - reading | - reading | - reading | - reading |
- TV
| -TV | - TV | - TV | - TV |
- Crafts
| - knitting | - handcrafts | ||
- cross stitching | ||||
- crocheting | ||||
- knitting | - knitting | |||
- mending | ||||
- painting | ||||
- sewing | - sewing | |||
- silversmithing | - silversmithing | |||
Activities reported, not asked about in examples
| ||||
- Other mental
| - board games | |||
activites
| - book club | |||
- bridge | - bridge | - bridge | - bridge | |
- computer | - computer | - computer | - computer | |
- crossword | - crossword | - crossword | - crossword | |
- meetings | ||||
- paperwork | - paperwork | - paperwork | ||
- piano | ||||
- puzzles | - puzzles | |||
- studying | - studying | - studying | - studying | |
- Sudoku | ||||
- volunteer work | ||||
- writing | - writing | - writing | ||
- Transport-related
| - in car | - in car | - in car | |
activities
| - in plane | |||
- waiting at airport | ||||
- Other social and
| - eating/meals | - eating/meals | - eating/meals | - eating/meals |
relaxation activities
| - concert | |||
- going out | - going out | |||
- listening to radio | - listening to radio | |||
- resting/napping | - resting/napping | |||
- sitting in sun | ||||
- theatre | ||||
- telephoning |
Comprehension of the requested information
Understanding the meaning of the words in the question
Understanding the scope of sitting activities to report
Understanding the timeframe of sitting activities to report
Formulation of a response
Formulation of a response to sitting frequency
Formulation of a response to sitting duration
Strategy | IPAQ (open question) | PASE (closed question) |
---|---|---|
Thinking of minimum time usually spent sitting | - | ** |
Summing sitting time on a usual day | *** | ** |
Determining the proportion of a usual day spent sitting | ** | - |
Subtracting all non-sitting activities in a usual day from 24 hours | * | - |
Calculating average daily sitting time across a week | ** | * |
Picking the day for which sitting time is easiest to recall | * | - |
Reporting sitting time for the 'most usual' day | * | * |
Reporting sitting time for the day with highest time spent sitting | * | * |
Using a combination of the above strategies | * | * |
Reporting average/usual sitting time without doing calculations | ** | * |
Guessing time spent sitting | ** | * |
No strategy, question considered too difficult to answer | ** | - |