Background
Methods
Setting
Ethical approval
Participants
Questionnaire and data collection
Domain | Range of possible scores | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
PERSONAL RISK
| |||
What happens to your skin in sun?
| never tans (+6), tans with difficulty (+4), tans easily (+2), tans always (0)
| 0 to 6 | |
Does your skin freckle?
| Yes (+2) or no (0)
| 0 to 2 | |
How many moles do you have?
| None (0); less than 20 (+2); more than 20 (+4)
| 0 to 4 | |
Do you have moles with irregular edge and colour?
| Yes (+2) or no (0)
| 0 to 2 | |
What is your natural hair colour?
| black (0), brown (0), red (+2), fair (+1)
| 0 to 2 | |
What is your ethnic origin
| Caucasian (+2), Asian (0), Afro-carribean (-2), Chinese (0), Other - specify (0)
| -2 to 2 | |
How many times have you had bad sunburn?
| Never (0), once or twice (+2), three or more (+4)
| 0 to 4 |
-2 to 22
|
LEVEL OF CONCERN
| |||
Have you seen GP with a skin lesion in last 6 months?
| Yes (+2) or no (0)
| 0 to 2 | |
How likely are you to see GP with a skin lesion in next 6 months?
| Very likely (+4), likely (+2), not likely, (0), very unlikely (0)
| 0 to 4 | |
Do you check your own skin for moles?
| Yes (+1) or no (0)
| 0 to 1 | |
If yes, how often?
| More than monthly (+3), monthly (+2), once or twice a year (+1)
| 1 to 3 |
1 to 10
|
PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
| |||
Do you try to get a suntan at home or on holiday?
| Yes (+1) or no (0)
| 0 to 1 | |
Do you use a sun bed or sun lamp?
| Yes (+1) or no (0)
| 0 to 1 | |
If you use a sun bed or sum lamp, how often?
| Very infrequently (0), 1-3 times year (-1), monthly (-2), weekly or more (-3)
| -3 to 0 | |
Do you protect your skin at home or on holiday?
| Yes (+1) or no (0)
| 0 to 1 | |
How many sunny foreign holidays have you had in 5 years?
| None (+3), one or two (+2), three or four (+1), five or more (0)
| 0 to 3 | |
What do you do on noticing a new mole?
| Visit my GP (+2), ask partner or friend to look at (+1), ignore it (0)
| 0 to 2 | |
How quickly should a new mole be checked?
| < 1 month (+4), < 2 months (+3), <3 months (+2), eventually (+1), never (0)
| 0 to 4 |
-3 to12
|
MELANOMA KNOWLEDGE
| |||
Which of the following 12 factors increase melanoma risk?
1
| Correct (+1), don't know (0), incorrect (0)
| 0 to 12 | |
How worried would you be if a mole?
2
| Correct (+1), don't know (0), incorrect (-1)
| -3 to 6 | |
Can melanoma be?
3
| Correct (+1), don't know (0), incorrect (-1)
| -4 to 4 | |
Commonest site of melanoma in men or women?
4
| Correct (+1), don't know (0), incorrect (-1)
| 0 to 1 |
-7 to 23
|
Data handling
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Scottish | Australian | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender
| |||
Male | 127 (46.5) | 115 (43.1) | |
Female | 146 (53.5) | 152 (56.9) | 0.420 |
Age mean (SD)
| 56.8 (15.2) | 53.2 (15.5) | 0.007 |
Educational status
| |||
No qualifications | 46 (17.7) | 2 (0.7) | |
Basic school qualifications | 53 (20.4) | 10 (3.7) | |
Higher school qualifications | 16 (6.2) | 100 (37.5) | |
Vocational | 37 (14.2) | 83 (31.1) | |
Degree/professional | 108 (41.5) | 72 (27.0) | <0.001 |
Diagnosed with skin cancer
| |||
Yes | 133 (48.7) | 83 (31.1) | |
No | 140 (51.3) | 184 (68.9) | <0.001 |
Personally know someone with skin cancer
| |||
Yes | 120 (44.0) | 190 (71.2) | |
No | 153 (56.0) | 77 (28.8) | <0.001 |
Mean (SD) or median (IQR) | P-value | |
---|---|---|
PERSONAL RISK
| ||
Scottish
| 11.37 (3.78) | |
Australian
| 11.58 (3.66) | 0.517 |
LEVEL OF CONCERN
| ||
Scottish
| 3.00 (0.00 to 5.00) | |
Australian
| 6.00 (3.00 to 8.00) | <0.001 |
PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
| ||
Scottish
| 11.91 (3.23) | |
Australian
| 13.64 (2.65) | <0.001 |
KNOWLEDGE
| ||
Scottish
| 11.90 (4.21) | |
Australian
| 13.87 (3.14) | <0.001 |
Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PERSONAL RISK
|
Australian
|
Previous skin cancer
| 12.30 (3.35) | |
No previous skin cancer
| 11.25 (3.75) | 0.024 | ||
Scottish
|
Previous skin cancer
| 12.59 (3.60) | ||
No previous skin cancer
| 10.22 (3.60) | <0.001 | ||
LEVEL OF CONCERN
|
Australian
|
Previous skin cancer
| 9.00 (6.50 to 11.00) | |
No previous skin cancer
| 5.00 (3.25 to 9.00) | <0.001 | ||
Scottish
|
Previous skin cancer
| 4.00 (3.00 to 6.00) | ||
No previous skin cancer
| 2.00 (0 to 4.00) | <0.001 | ||
PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
|
Australian
|
Previous skin cancer
| 13.95 (2.69) | |
No previous skin cancer
| 13.50 (2.62) | 0.202 | ||
Scottish
|
Previous skin cancer
| 12.96 (2.87) | ||
No previous skin cancer
| 10.93 (3.26) | <0.001 | ||
KNOWLEDGE
|
Australian
|
Previous skin cancer
| 14.47 (2.99) | |
No previous skin cancer
| 13.60 (3.18) | 0.032 | ||
Scottish
|
Previous skin cancer
| 12.32 (4.20) | ||
No previous skin cancer
| 11.51 (4.20) | 0.115 |
Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PERSONAL RISK
|
Australian
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 11.97 (3.39) | |
Not know someone with melanoma
| 10.61 (4.11) | 0.007 | ||
Scottish
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 12.33 (3.22) | ||
Not know someone with melanoma
| 10.61 (4.02) | <0.001 | ||
LEVEL OF CONCERN
|
Australian
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 6.00 (3.00 to 8.00) | |
Not know someone with melanoma
| 4.00 (3.50 to 7.50) | 0.172 | ||
Scottish
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 4.00 (2.00 to 5.00) | ||
Not know someone with melanoma
| 3.00 (0 to 5.00) | 0.071 | ||
PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
|
Australian
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 13.66 (2.71) | |
Not know someone with melanoma
| 13.58 (2.49) | 0.875 | ||
Scottish
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 11.82 (3.08) | ||
Not know someone with melanoma
| 11.99 (3.36) | 0.662 | ||
KNOWLEDGE
|
Australian
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 14.07 (3.14) | |
Not know someone with melanoma
| 13.38 (3.11) | 0.001 | ||
Scottish
|
Knew someone with melanoma
| 12.82 (3.88) | ||
Not know someone with melanoma
| 11.17 (4.33) | 0.001 |
Score | Unstandardised B coefficient (Standard error) | P-value | Total R2 of model |
---|---|---|---|
PERSONAL RISK
| |||
Nationality
| -0.045 (0.312) | 0.277 | |
Age
| -0.299 (0.011) | <0.001 | |
Gender
| 0.033 (0.303) | 0.410 | |
Educational status
| 0.102 (0.122) | 0.017 | |
Diagnosed with skin cancer
| -0.286 (0.291) | <0.001 | |
Personally knowing someone with melanoma
| -0.191 (0.321) | <0.001 | 0.191 |
LEVEL OF CONCERN
| |||
Nationality
| 0.388 (0.240) | <0.001 | |
Age
| -0.105 (0.008) | 0.010 | |
Gender
| -0.022 (0.233) | 0.551 | |
Educational status
| 0.103 (0.094) | 0.009 | |
Diagnosed with skin cancer
| -0.368 (0.222) | <0.001 | |
Personally knowing someone with melanoma
| -0.053 (0.247) | 0.178 | 0.303 |
PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
| |||
Nationality
| 0.316 (0.255) | <0.001 | |
Age
| 0.188 (0.009) | <0.001 | |
Gender
| 0.039 (0.248) | 0.332 | |
Educational status
| 0.107 (0.100) | 0.013 | |
Diagnosed with skin cancer
| -0.218 (0.236) | <0.001 | |
Personally knowing someone with melanoma
| 0.060 (0.263) | 0.159 | 0.179 |
KNOWLEDGE
| |||
Nationality
| 0.194 (0.320) | <0.001 | |
Age
| -0.012 (0.011) | 0.788 | |
Gender
| 0.109 (0.311) | 0.008 | |
Educational status
| 0.224 (0.126) | <0.001 | |
Diagnosed with skin cancer
| -0.150 (0.296) | <0.001 | |
Personally knowing someone with melanoma
| -0.103 (0.330) | 0.016 | 0.163 |