Background
Methods
Participants
Measures
Procedure
Treatment
Statistical analysis
Results
Treatment adherence
NET (n=11) | WL (n=11) | Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | N |
X
2
|
p
| |
Gender:
| 0.00 | 0.99 | ||
Male | 3 | 2 | ||
Female | 8 | 9 | ||
Marital status:
| 0.00 | 0.99 | ||
Married | 10 | 9 | ||
Divorced or widowed | 1 | 2 | ||
Education:
| 1.01 | 0.59 | ||
Primary or below | 8 | 9 | ||
Junior middle school | 2 | 2 | ||
High School | 1 | 0 | ||
Income:
| 4.00 | 0.14 | ||
No fixed income | 9 | 9 | ||
Below £100 | 2 | 0 | ||
£100-£300 | 0 | 2 | ||
Injured in the earthquake:
| 0.79 | 0.66 | ||
Yes | 5 | 3 | ||
No | 6 | 8 | ||
House damage
| 1.07 | 0.59 | ||
Totally damaged | 7 | 8 | ||
Partically damaged | 3 | 3 | ||
Slightly damaged | 1 | 0 | ||
Number of traumatic events experienced
| 0.44 | 0.80 | ||
No | 5 | 5 | ||
2 or 3 times | 4 | 5 | ||
Over 3 times | 2 | 1 | ||
Type of traumatic events
| ||||
Difficult life condition | 9 | 10 | ||
Accidental injure | 4 | 2 | ||
Family number’s disease or loss | 2 | 2 | ||
Age
| M(SD) | M(SD) |
t
|
p
|
56.64(12.22) | 54.82(11.59) | 0.36 | 0.730 |
Baseline data
Treatment effect
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measures |
Mean
|
SD
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Mean
|
SD
|
IES-R
| ||||||||
Avoidence
| ||||||||
NET
| 17.64 | 9.19 | 9.09 | 5.43 | 8.45 | 5.22 | 9.73 | 6.20 |
WL
| 15.73 | 4.08 | 16.09 | 3.65 | 9.36 | 2.98 | 8.46 | 3.30 |
Intrusion
| ||||||||
NET
| 16.91 | 6.88 | 8.73 | 4.56 | 8.36 | 3.91 | 7.73 | 5.10 |
WL
| 17.36 | 3.17 | 16.00 | 4.29 | 9.00 | 3.55 | 8.55 | 2.77 |
Hyperarousal
| ||||||||
NET
| 13.64 | 4.48 | 8.00 | 3.82 | 7.72 | 4.13 | 6.64 | 4.39 |
WL
| 14.55 | 3.59 | 15.09 | 2.98 | 9.91 | 2.88 | 8.55 | 2.54 |
GHQ-28
| ||||||||
NET
| 9.45 | 5.05 | 3.00 | 3.38 | 2.82 | 3.63 | 2.73 | 3.35 |
WL
| 13.27 | 6.94 | 13.64 | 5.75 | 5.55 | 3.45 | 5.09 | 2.70 |
HADS
| ||||||||
Anxiety
| ||||||||
NET
| 8.45 | 3.86 | 5.27 | 2.83 | 5.00 | 2.53 | 5.45 | 3.03 |
WL
| 9.55 | 4.91 | 8.64 | 3.56 | 5.00 | 3.16 | 4.82 | 2.48 |
Depression
| ||||||||
NET
| 8.18 | 4.21 | 4.18 | 2.36 | 5.00 | 2.68 | 4.91 | 3.02 |
WL
| 7.09 | 3.21 | 7.09 | 2.95 | 4.00 | 2.24 | 3.73 | 2.10 |
CiOQ
| ||||||||
Positive
| ||||||||
NET
| 24.82 | 3.66 | 26.91 | 2.43 | 27.45 | 2.11 | 28.00 | 1.79 |
WL
| 26.82 | 2.27 | 26.73 | 2.33 | 28.27 | 2.24 | 28.09 | 2.12 |
Negative
| ||||||||
NET
| 16.55 | 7.92 | 11.82 | 5.78 | 11.09 | 6.07 | 10.64 | 4.25 |
WL
| 15.00 | 7.25 | 15.82 | 6.84 | 11.36 | 5.82 | 9.90 | 3.18 |
MSPSS
| ||||||||
NET
| 60.64 | 13.06 | 62.00 | 11.57 | 60.64 | 10.86 | 61.27 | 11.72 |
WL
| 61.00 | 6.96 | 58.91 | 5.77 | 60.18 | 9.38 | 57.55 | 5.50 |
SCSQ
| ||||||||
Active
| ||||||||
NET
| 23.45 | 7.93 | 25.09 | 6.77 | 23.45 | 6.07 | 23.82 | 8.57 |
WL
| 24.18 | 5.96 | 23.09 | 5.39 | 24.73 | 4.08 | 24.18 | 5.10 |
Passive
| ||||||||
NET
| 11.18 | 4.29 | 10.27 | 3.23 | 10.45 | 3.45 | 10.09 | 2.84 |
WL
| 11.45 | 2.58 | 11.73 | 2.97 | 10.82 | 2.96 | 10.45 | 1.57 |
Initial treatment outcome
Measures | Groups | Mean difference (T1-T2) | Within-groups | Effect size | Between-groups | Effect size | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI |
df
|
t
|
df
|
F
| |||||
IES-R Avoidance
|
NET
| 8.55 | (3.85 to 13.24) | 10 | 4.05** | 1.09 | 1,19 | 28.99*** | 1.46 |
WL
| −0.36 | (1.54 to 0.81) | 10 | −0.69 | 0.09 | ||||
IES-R Intrusion
|
NET
| 8.18 | (4.40 to 11.97) | 10 | 4.82** | 1.35 | 1,19 | 22.20*** | 1.58 |
WL
| 1.36 | (−0.02 to 2.75) | 10 | 2.19 | 0.35 | ||||
IES-R Hyperarousal
|
NET
| 5.64 | (4.04 to 7.23) | 10 | 7.68*** | 1.30 | 1,19 | 57.30*** | 1.99 |
WL
| −0.55 | (−2.02 to 0.94) | 10 | −0.82 | 0.16 | ||||
GHQ-28
|
NET
| 6.45 | (4.72 to 8.19) | 10 | 8.29*** | 1.44 | 1,19 | 33.33*** | 2.17 |
WL
| −0.36 | (−3.85 to 3.11) | 10 | −0.23 | 0.06 | ||||
HADS Anxiety
|
NET
| 3.18 | (2.06 to 4.30) | 10 | 6.35*** | 0.90 | 1,19 | 21.38*** | 1.01 |
WL
| 0.91 | (−0.58 to 2.40) | 10 | 1.36 | 0.20 | ||||
HADS Depression
|
NET
| 4.00 | (1.83 to 6.17) | 10 | 4.11** | 1.13 | 1,19 | 14.57** | 1.05 |
WL
| 0.00 | (−1.62 to 1.62) | 10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
CiOQ Positive
|
NET
| −2.09 | (−3.19 to −0.99) | 10 | 4.23** | 0.65 | 1,19 | 3.86a
| 0.07 |
WL
| 0.09 | (−1.39 to 1.58) | 10 | 0.14 | 0.04 | ||||
CiOQ Negative
|
NET
| 4.73 | (2.50 to 6.96) | 10 | 4.72** | 0.66 | 1,19 | 32.14*** | 0.61 |
WL
| −0.82 | (−1.97 to 0.34) | 10 | −1.58 | 0.12 | ||||
MSPSS
|
NET
| −1.36 | (−4.20 to 1.48) | 10 | 1.07 | 0.11 | 1,19 | 4.25b
| 0.33 |
WL
| 2.09 | (−0.86 to 5.04) | 10 | 1.60 | 0.31 | ||||
SCSQ Active
|
NET
| −1.64 | (−3.85 to 0.58) | 10 | −1.65 | 0.21 | 1,19 | 5.21* | 0.31 |
WL
| 2.59 | (−0.65 to2.83) | 10 | 1.40 | 0.18 | ||||
SCSQ Passive
|
NET
| 0.91 | (−0.38 to 2.20) | 10 | 1.57 | 0.23 | 1,19 | 4.44* | 0.45 |
WL
| −0.27 | (−0.95 to 0.41) | 10 | −0.90 | 0.10 |
Two-month follow-up outcome
Time | Time × group |
pre/post
|
pre/fu
|
post/fu
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measures |
df
|
F
|
df
|
F
|
p
|
p
|
p
|
IES-R Avoidance | 2,19 | 23.83*** | 2,19 | 1.22 | *** | *** | - |
IES-R Intrusion | 2,19 | 25.28*** | 2,19 | 0.35 | *** | *** | - |
IES-R Hyperarousal | 2,19 | 58.24*** | 2,19 | 0.09 | *** | *** | - |
GHQ-28 | 2,19 | 41.79*** | 2,19 | 0.59 | *** | *** | - |
HADS Anxiety | 2,19 | 44.96*** | 2,19 | 0.67 | *** | *** | - |
HADS Depression | 2,19 | 23.35*** | 2,19 | 0.69 | *** | *** | - |
CiOQ Positive | 2,19 | 9.53** | 2,19 | 1.04 | *** | * | - |
CiOQ Negative | 2,19 | 22.85*** | 2,19 | 0.04 | *** | *** | - |
MSPSS | 2,19 | 0.85 | 2,19 | 0.15 | - | - | - |
SCSQ Active | 2,19 | 2.13 | 2,19 | 0.11 | - | - | - |
SCSQ Passive | 2,19 | 3.00 | 2,19 | 0.03 | - | - | - |