Background
Methods
Study design, setting and sites
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Ethics
Results
Demographics
Total participants (N = 224) | m (%) |
---|---|
Age (n = 208) | |
mean (+/− sd) | 33 (+/− 11.6) |
Gender (n = 221) | |
Male | 51 (23.1%) |
Female | 170 (76.9%) |
Pregnant (n = 224) | 51 (24.3%) |
Trimester of Pregnancy (n = 48) | |
First Trimester | 14 (29.2%) |
Second Trimester | 18 (37.5%) |
Third Trimester | 16 (33.3%) |
Primary Language (n = 224) | |
English | 95 (42.4%) |
Spanish | 96 (42.8%) |
Other | 33 (14.7%) |
Where participants live (n = 216) | |
Northern Manhattan (north of 125th street) | 50 (23.2%) |
Upper Manhattan (between 59th street and 125th street) | 13 (6.0%) |
Midtown Manhattan (between 23rd street and 59th street) | 4 (1.9%) |
Downtown Manhattan (south of 23rd street) | 5 (2.3%) |
Bronx | 114 (52.8%) |
Brooklyn | 10 (4.6%) |
Queens | 3 (1.4%) |
Staten Island | 0 (0.0%) |
Lives outside NYC | 17 (7.9%) |
Birthplace (n = 215) | |
North America | 81 (37.7%) |
Central America | 6 (2.8%) |
South America | 7 (3.3%) |
Caribbean | 79 (36.7%) |
Europe | 10 (4.7%) |
Asia | 7 (3.3%) |
Africa | 24 (11.2%) |
Australia | 1 (0.5%) |
Traveled to the Caribbean, South America or Central America within the last 12 months (n = 224) | 69 (30.8%) |
aTravel Location (n = 68) | |
Caribbean | 62 (91.2%) |
Dominican Republic | 47 (69.1%) |
Mexico | 8 (11.8%) |
South America | 7 (10.3%) |
Central America | 5 (7.4%) |
Other | 2 (2.9%) |
When last traveled (n = 70) | |
Within the last week | 3 (1.4%) |
1–4 weeks ago | 4 (1.8%) |
1–3 months ago | 20 (9.1%) |
3–6 months ago | 13 (5.9%) |
6–12 months ago | 30 (13.6%) |
Knowledge
Total participants (N = 223) | Pregnant | Non-pregnant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All | Females | Males | ||
m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | |
Had heard about Zika prior to taking the survey: (n = 222) | 47 (94%) | 128 (80.5%) | 98 (84.4%) | 28 (70.0%) |
First head about Zika: (n = 189) | ||||
Many years ago | 0 | 9 (6.9%) | 4 (4.0%) | 4 (14.8%) |
Last year | 28 (59.8%) | 62 (47.7%) | 54 (53.5%) | 8 (29.6%) |
In the last few months | 19 (40.4%) | 57 (43.9%) | 41 (40.6%) | 15 (55.6%) |
In the last week | 0 | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (20.%) | 0 |
aFirst heard about Zika from: (n = 190) | ||||
Family, Friends or neighbors | 1 (2.1%) | 28 (16.3%) | 23 (16.4%) | 5 (17.2%) |
Church/ Community event | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 |
Healthcare workers/Private doctor/ Pharmacy | 6 (12.5%) | 10 (5.8%) | 10 (7.1%) | 0 |
Radio/ TV/ Posters/ Newspapers | 34 (70.8%) | 91 (52.9%) | 72 (51.4%) | 17 (58.6%) |
Internet/ Social media | 17 (35.4%) | 32 (18.6%) | 25 (17.9%) | 6 (20.7%) |
Government announcement | 3 (6.25%) | 10 (5.8%) | 9 (6.4%) | 1 (3.4%) |
Think it is possible to get Zika in their community/local area now: (n = 211) | 28 (57.1%) | 88 (58.3%) | 66 (58.9%) | 22 (57.9%) |
Had heard of Microcephaly before: (n = 218) | 35 (71.4%) | 90 (57.7%) | 69 (60.0%) | 19 (50.0%) |
Had heard of Guillain-Barre Syndrome before: (n = 218) | 16 (33.3%) | 32 (20.4%) | 28 (24.1%) | 4 (10.5%) |
Think they have enough information about Zika: (n = 214) | 24 (51.1%) | 50 (32.3%) | 36 (31.6%) | 13 (34.2%) |
Want more information about Zika: (n = 145) | 21 (84.0%) | 91 (82.7%) | 68 (86.1%) | 22 (75.9%) |
aWould like more information about the: (n = 203) | ||||
Causes of Zika | 21 (44.7%) | 93 (89.4%) | 65 (61.3%) | 27 (73.0%) |
Signs and Symptoms of Zika | 22 (46.8%) | 99 (95.2%) | 75 (70.8%) | 24 (64.9%) |
Zika Prevention | 23 (48.9%) | 99 (95.2%) | 72 (67.9%) | 26 (70.3%) |
Zika Treatment | 23 (48.9%) | 103 (99.0%) | 76 (71.7%) | 27 (73.0%) |
Consequences of having Zika | 19 (40.4%) | 90 (86.5%) | 67 (63.2%) | 23 (62.2%) |
Knowledge of Zika transmission | Knowledge of Zika complications | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |||||||
Model number | Demographic characteristics | β | P-value | β | P-value | β | P-value | β | P-value | |
1 | Pregnancy | 8.4 | 0.01* | 6.21 | 0.04* | 7.5 | 0.06 | 6 | 0.13 | |
2 | Travel History | 4.16 | 0.13 | 2.49 | 0.34 | −1.98 | 0.58 | −3.26 | 0.36 | |
3 | Primary Language | Spanish | −7 | 0.01* | −6.28 | 0.01* | −3.63 | 0.31 | −3.31 | 0.35 |
4 | Other | −17.14 | <0.0001* | −11.1 | 0.005* | −10.79 | 0.03* | −6.08 | 0.27 | |
5 | Survey Language | −6.43 | 0.04* | −8.52 | 0.004* | 1.74 | 0.67 | 0.37 | 0.92 | |
6 | Language mismatch | −5.25 | 0.04* | −1.53 | 0.56 | −6.94 | 0.04* | −4.58 | 0.2 | |
7 | Translator use | −12 | 0.01* | −3.71 | 0.45 | −22.51 | 0.0002* | −18.81 | 0.005* |
Total participants (N = 223) | Pregnant | Not Pregnant | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean knowledge score | 95% CI for mean | n | Mean of knowledge score | 95% CI for mean score | |
Knowledge of Zika Transmission | 50 | 62 | [57, 68] | 158 | 54 | [51, 57] |
Where is the transmission of Zika actively occurring? | 50 | 49 | [41, 58] | 154 | 37 | [33, 42] |
Who can get Zika? | 50 | 91 | [84, 99] | 156 | 86 | [82, 91] |
How does a person get Zika? | 50 | 71 | [66, 75] | 157 | 63 | [59, 67] |
What are the signs and symptoms of Zika? | 49 | 44 | [34, 55] | 156 | 35 | [30, 41] |
Does everybody who gets Zika show symptoms? | 46 | 74 | [61, 87] | 147 | 6 | [52, 0.68] |
Can you prevent Zika? | 46 | 85 | [74, 96] | 146 | 89 | [84, 94] |
How can you prevent Zika? | 49 | 55 | [46, 65] | 153 | 5 | [45, 54] |
Is there treatment for Zika? | 50 | 32 | [19, 45] | 159 | 16 | [11, 22] |
Knowledge of Zika Guidelines | 44 | 86 | [83, 89] | 141 | 85 | [83, 87] |
If you have traveled to a country with Zika virus and then develop weakness or numbness, what should you do? | 40 | 100 | . | 131 | 94 | [90, 98] |
If a non-pregnant person thinks that they have Zika, what should they do? | 45 | 91 | [82, 100] | 146 | 97 | [95, 100] |
If a pregnant person thinks that they have Zika, what should they do? | 45 | 1 | . | 145 | 97 | [95, 100] |
If the male partner in a couple has traveled to a Zika endemic area and has been diagnosed with Zika or has (or had) symptoms, what steps should the couple take to reduce the risk of transmission? | 41 | 75 | [65, 85] | 136 | 74 | [69, 80] |
If the male partner in a couple has traveled to a Zika endemic area, and does not develop symptoms, what should the couple do reduce the risk of transmission? | 42 | 74 | [67, 80] | 132 | 75 | [72, 78] |
If you are pregnant and travel to a Zika endemic area, what steps should you take to reduce the risk of transmission? | 40 | 73 | [66, 79] | 131 | 74 | [71, 76] |
Knowledge of Zika Complications | 49 | 55 | [48, 62] | 157 | 48 | [44, 51] |
If a pregnant woman has Zika, what are the risks she faces? | 48 | 68 | [59, 77] | 154 | 74 | [69, 78] |
What is the correct definition for microcephaly? | 49 | 69 | [56, 83] | 152 | 57 | [49, 65] |
Do you think there is a link between Zika and Microcephaly? | 48 | 71 | [57, 84] | 144 | 58 | [49, 66] |
If a pregnant woman has Zika, what are the risks for her fetus / baby? | 47 | 68 | [58, 79] | 154 | 64 | [58, 70] |
What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome? | 48 | 27 | [14, 40] | 153 | 15 | [9, 21] |
Do you think there is a link between Zika and Guillain-Barre syndrome? | 44 | 23 | [10, 36] | 144 | 13 | [8, 19] |
Attitudes
Total participants (N = 223) | Pregnant | Non-pregnant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All | Females | Males | ||
m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | |
Think that Zika is an important issue/problem in their community: (n = 207) | 33 (71.7%) | 121 (90.7%) | 89 (80.9%) | 29 (78.4%) |
Feels that if person gets Zika, they and their family are discriminated or stigmatized because of it: (n = 201) | 16 (36.4%) | 33 (22.6%) | 23 (21.7%) | 9 (24.3%) |
Feels that if a woman has a baby that has microcephaly or another disability, she will be discriminated against or stigmatized because of the child: (n = 197) | 20 (46.5%) | 42 (29.4%) | 31 (30.1%) | 11 (28.9%) |
aParticipants are most worried that Zika: (n = 201) | ||||
Zika can make you sick | 18 (40.9%) | 112 (77.2%) | 80 (75.5%) | 31 (86.1%) |
Zika can kill you | 16 (36.4%) | 106 (73.1%) | 74 (69.8%) | 31 (86.15) |
Zika can cause babies to have disabilities | 42 (95.5%) | 130 (89.7%) | 93 (87.7%) | 34 (94.4%) |
Zika can cause adults to have disabilities | 14 (31.8%) | 90 (62.1%) | 64 (60.4%) | 25 (69.4%) |
Zika can be sexually transmitted | 21 (47.7%) | 111 (76.6%) | 80 (75.5%) | 30 (83.3%) |
Zika will cause my child to be sick | 25 (56.8%) | 91 (62.8%) | 64 (60.4%) | 26 (72.2%) |
Safe abortion is not available to me if I get Zika when pregnant | 10 (22.7%) | 81 (55.9%) | 54 (50.9%) | 26 (72.2%) |
Practices
Total participants (N = 223) | Pregnant | Non-pregnant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All | Females | Males | ||
m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | m (%) | |
Since you heard about Zika, have you taken any action to prevent yourself from getting Zika? (n = 208) | 38 (80.9%) | 73 (49.0%) | 58 (53.7%) | 13 (34.2.%) |
aWhat action have you taken to prevent yourself/your household from getting Zika? (n = 204) | ||||
Reduction of potential mosquito breeding sites | 45 (121.6%) | 140 (164.7%) | 114 (175.4%) | 24 (133.3%) |
Protection against mosquito-borne transmission | 39 (105.4%) | 83 (97.6%) | 67 (103.1%) | 15 (83.3%) |
Protection against sexual transmission | 7 (18.9%) | 37 (43.5%) | 26 (40.0%) | 10 (55.6%) |
Other | 19 (51.4%) | 73 (85.9%) | 60 (92.3%) | 13 (72.2%) |
None of the above | 8 (21.6%) | 7 (8.2%) | 4 (6.2%) | 3 (16.7%) |
aIf you travel to a Zika endemic country, what action have you taken to prevent yourself/your household while abroad? (n = 164) | ||||
Reduction of potential mosquito breeding sites | 50 (172.4%) | 190 (154.5%) | 139 (156.2%) | 47 (261.1%) |
Protection against mosquito-borne transmission | 51 (175.9%) | 164 (133.3%) | 123 (138.2%) | 40 (222.2%) |
Protection against sexual transmission | 21 (72.4%) | 73 (59.3%) | 44 (49.4%) | 29 (161.1%) |
Other | 19 (65.5%) | 102 (82.9%) | 78 (87.6%) | 22 (122.2%) |
None of the above | 4 (13.8%) | 10 (8.1%) | 13 (14.6%) | 6 (33.3%) |