Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Study selection and data extraction
Quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Study inclusion
Study characteristics
Study | Species (Nc/Na) | Weight(g) | Age (month) | Model | Acupuncture (acupoints) | Control intervention | Outcome index | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bao 2014 [18] | SD Rats (12/12) | 200 ± 20 | NR | PTSD (CMS) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 21d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and current density of 2 mA (GV20, GV29). | Fluoxetine | 1. escape latency 2. total swimming distance | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Zeng 2008 [19] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 250 ± 10 | NR | AD (D-gal, NaNO2) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 60d, disperse- dense waves of 80/100 Hz of frequency (LI4, LR3). | Donepezil | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Chen 2015 [20] | SD Rats (13/14) | 230 ± 20 | NR | VD (4-VO) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 7d, disperse- dense waves of 1/20 Hz of frequency (GV24, GV20). | NR | 1. escape latency 2.total swimming distance 3. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Chen 2006 [21] | Wistar Rats (34/34) | NR | New- born | HIBD (closed space) | Manual acupuncture 20 min/d for 10d (GV20, GV14). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. percentage of time in target quadrant 3. percentage of swimming distance in target quadrant | 1.P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Dai 2015 [22] | AKR Rats (10/10) | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 6 | AD (SAMP8) | Manual acupuncture 10 min/d for 28d (GV20, SP10, BL17, BL23). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Hou 2013 [23] | SD Rats (10/10) | 220 ± 20 | NR | PTSD(SPS) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 7d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV20, ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.05 |
Gao 2012 [24] | SD Rats (16/16) | 400–500 | 20–24 | AD(aged rats) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 21d, disperse- dense waves of 2/100 Hz of frequency and intensity of 2–4 V (GV20, KI1). | NR | 1. swimming time | 1. P < 0.05 |
Huang 2010 [25] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 200 ± 20 | NR | PD (6-OH DA) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 24d, continuous waves of 100Hz of frequency and current density of 0.5 mA (GV16,LR3). | Madopar | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Ji 2011 [26] | SD Rats (10/10) | 220–260 | NR | VD (4-VO) | Manual acupuncture 30 min/d for 30d (GV20, CV17, CV6, BL17, SP6). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Jia 2011 [27] | SD Rats (20/20) | 220 ± 20 | NR | VD (2-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 14d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and intensity of 3 V (GV20, GV14). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Wang 2012 [28] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 300 ± 10 | NR | AD(STZ) | Electroacupuncture for 28d (GV20, GV14, ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Lin 2008 [29] | SD Rats (10/10) | 620 ± 80 | 12 | VD (2-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 30d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and current density of 1–2 mA (GV20, GV14,BL23). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Luo 2007 [30] | SD Rats (14/14) | 200 ± 20 | NR | VD (4-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 15d, continuous waves of 150Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV20, BL17, BL20, BL23). | Nimodipine | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Ma 2009 [31] | Wistar Rats (13/13) | 200–250 | NR | Diabete (STZ) | Electroacupuncture 15 min/d for 14d, continuous waves of 0.5Hz of frequency and current density of 30 mA (GV20, GV14). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.05 |
Zhang 2014 [32] | AKR Rats (10/10) | NR | 4 | AD (SAMP8) | Manual acupuncture 30 min/d for 30d, twisting 10 s a time (GV20,ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Niu 2009 [33] | SD Rats (10/10) | 300 ± 20 | NR | VD (4-VO) | Electroacupuncture 10 min/d for 42d, disperse- dense waves of 80/100 Hz of frequency and current density of 1–3 mA (GV29, LI20). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Su 2013 [34] | SD Rats (12/12) | 200–250 | NR | AD(D-gal, Aβ1- 42) | Electroacupuncture 15 min/d for 28d, continuous waves of 35Hz of frequency and intensity of 2 V (GV20, KI3, ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Tan 2014 [35] | Wistar Rats (8/8) | 250 ± 50 | 2 | VD (MCAO) | Electroacupuncture 15 min/d for 21d, continuous waves of 16Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV20, GV14). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. percentage of time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Tang 2014 [36] | SD Rats (10/10) | 160–200 | 3 | OVX | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 45d, continuous waves of 3–4Hz of frequency and current density of 4–5 mA (ST36, BL23). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Wang 2013 [37] | SD Rats (10/10) | 200 ± 20 | NR | AD (D-gal, NaNO2) | Manual acupuncture 10 min/d for 30d (LI4, LR3, ST36). | Donepezil | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Wang 2009 [38] | SD Rats (12/13) | 240 ± 20 | 3 | VD (2-VO) | Manual acupuncture 10 min/d for 30d (GV20, BL17, CV6, SP6, CV17). | Piracetam | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.05 |
Hong 2014 [39] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 300–350 | NR | Autism (VPA) | Manual acupuncture 1 min/d for 30d (GV1). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. average speed | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Xu 2006 [40] | SD Rats (13/14) | 200–220 | 2 | VD (4-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 20d, continuous waves of 150Hz of frequency and current density of 20 mA (GV20, GV14). | Nimodipine | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Xu 2007 [41] | SD Rats (8/10) | 180–200 | NR | AD (D-gal) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 21d, continuous waves of 3Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV20, ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. percentage of swimming distance in target quadrant 3. percentage of time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 3. P < 0.01 |
Yi 2014 [42] | SD Rats (12/12) | 200 ± 34 | 4 | AD (Aβ25–35) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 12d, disperse- dense waves of 2/30 Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV29, LI20). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform 3. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Yu 2014 [43] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 200–250 | NR | WD (CuSO4) | Electroacupuncture 15 min/d for 7d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (HT7). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Feng 2013 [44] | AKR Rats (10/9) | 29–35 | 9 | AD (SAMP8) | Manual acupuncture 20 min/d for 28d, twisting 2.5 times/s for 60 s(GV20, KI1). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Li 2013 [45] | Wistar Rats (10/10) | 200–250 | 4 | AD(STZ) | Electroacupuncture for 28d, continuous waves of 30Hz of frequency and intensity of 2 V (BL23, KI3, ST36, GV20, GV14). | Donepezil | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Wang 2013 [46] | AKR Rats (10/10) | NR | 8 | AD (SAMP8) | Manual acupuncture for 15d (CV17, CV12, CV6, SP10,ST36). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Zheng 2009 [47] | Wistar Rats (8/7) | 212 ± 15 | 2 | VD (2-VO) | Electroacupuncture for 28d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency (GV20, KI3). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.05 |
Li 2012 [48] | AKR Rats (15/15) | NR | 7.5 | AD (SAMP8) | Manual acupuncture for 15d, twisting 2 times/s for 30 s (CV17, CV12, CV6, SP10, ST36). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Li 2014 [49] | C57BL/6 Rats (6/6) | NR | 2 | AD (APP/PS1) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 20d, disperse- dense waves of 2/15 Hz of frequency and current density of 1 mA (GV20). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.05 |
Lee 2014 [50] | SD Rats (7/7) | 220–240 | NR | AD(SCO) | Manual acupuncture for 15d (GV20). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. swimming speed 3. percentages of time in a probe trial | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 3. P < 0.05 |
Zhu 2013 [51] | SD Rats (6/6) | 432 ± 30 | 12 | VD (2-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 30d, continuous waves of 4Hz of frequency and current density of 2 mA (GV20, GV14, BL23). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.05 |
Lu 2014 [52] | SD Rats (8/8) | 200–250 | NR | Ethanol | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 30d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency and current density of 1.5–2 mA (ST36). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Li 2012 [53] | SD Rats (10/10) | 250 ± 30 | 3 | VD (MCAO) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 14d, disperse- dense waves of 2/30 Hz of frequency and current density of 2 mA (GV20, GV14). | NR | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Guo 2015 [54] | SD Rats (10/10) | 250–300 | NR | AD (Aβ1–40) | Electroacupuncture 30 min/d for 24d, continuous waves of 20Hz of frequency and current density of less than 2 mA (GV20, BL23). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant 3. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 3. P < 0.01 |
Jiang 2015 [55] | AKR Rats (10/10) | NR | 7.5 | AD (SAMP8) | Electroacupuncture for 14d, continuous waves of 2Hz of frequency,current density of 0.6 mA and intensity of 2 V (GV20,GV26, GV29). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. percentages of time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Shao 2008 [56] | SD Rats (8/9) | 180–220 | NR | VD (4-VO) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 15d, continuous waves of 150Hz of frequency and current density of 1–2 mA (GV20, BL17, BL20, BL23). | Nimodipine | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.01 2. P < 0.01 |
Liu 2013 [57] | SD Rats (12/12) | 200 ± 20 | NR | CFS | Manual acupuncture 20 min/d for 21d, twirling reinforcing (ST36). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. frequency of cross platform | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Li 2015 [58] | Wistar Rats (11/11) | 320–360 | NR | VD(micro- emboli) | Manual acupuncture for 12d, twisting 2 times/s for 30 s (ST36). | Sham acupuncture | 1. escape latency | 1. P < 0.01 |
Lu 2008 [59] | AKR Rats (12/12) | 20 ± 2 | 8 | AD (SAMP8) | Electroacupuncture 20 min/d for 7d, disperse- dense waves of 2/100 Hz of frequency and intensity of 2–4 V (GV20, KI1). | NR | 1. escape latency 2. time in target quadrant | 1. P < 0.05 2. P < 0.05 |
Description of acupuncture regime
Description of control interventions
Study quality and publication bias
Study | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bao 2014 [18] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Zeng 2008 [19] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Chen 2015 [20] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||
Chen 2006 [21] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Dai 2015 [22] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Hou 2013 [23] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Gao 2012 [24] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Huang 2010 [25] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Ji 2011 [26] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Jia 2011 [27] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Wang 2012 [28] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Lin 2008 [29] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Luo 2007 [30] | √ | √ | 2 | ||||||||
Ma 2009 [31] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Zhang 2014 [32] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Niu 2009 [33] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Su 2013 [34] | √ | √ | √ | 3 | |||||||
Tan 2014 [35] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 7 | |||
Tang 2014 [36] | √ | √ | √ | 3 | |||||||
Wang 2013 [37] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Wang 2009 [38] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Hong 2014 [39] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Xu 2006 [40] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Xu 2007 [41] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Yi 2014 [42] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Yu 2014 [43] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Feng 2013 [44] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Li 2013 [45] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | ||||||
Wang 2013 [46] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Zheng 2009 [47] | √ | √ | √ | 3 | |||||||
Li 2012 [48] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||
Li 2014 [49] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 7 | |||
Lee 2014 [50] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||
Zhu 2013 [51] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Lu 2014 [52] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||
Li 2012 [53] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Guo 2015 [54] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | ||||
Jiang 2015 [55] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 7 | |||
Shao 2008 [56] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Liu 2013 [57] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||
Li 2015 [58] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||
Lu 2008 [59] | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 |
Effectiveness
Signaling pathways
Study | Findings or proposed mechanisms |
---|---|
Bao 2014 [18] | • Reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons • Promoted restoration of damaged nerve cells |
Chen 2015 [20] | • Reduced Nogo-A and NgR |
Chen 2006 [21] | • Increased GABA • Reduced Glu |
Dai 2015 [22] | • Increased NEP |
Hou 2013 [23] | • Increased MR • Reduced GR |
Gao 2012 [24] | • Increased DA, 5-HT and NE |
Huang 2010 [25] | • Increased BDNF |
Ji 2011 [26] | • Reduced MDA • Increased SOD |
Jia 2011 [27] | • Increased Syp, PKC, NMDAR and PKC mRNA • Reduced mGluRs |
Wang 2012 [28] | • Increased NOS • Reduced MAO |
Lin 2008 [29] | • Increased NMDAR-2BmRNA |
Luo 2007 [30] | • Decreased NO |
Ma 2009 [31] | • Increased CTGF protein and mRNA |
Zhang 2014 [32] | • Increased InsR mRNA |
Niu 2009 [33] | • Increased SS and AVP |
Su 2013 [34] | • Reduced MDA, P53 and P21 • Increased SOD |
Tan 2014 [35] | • Increased GAP-43 and c-fos |
Tang 2014 [36] | • Increased CHAT protein |
Wang 2013 [37] | • Reduced GSK-3β |
Wang 2009 [38] | • Reduced ET • Increased CGRP |
Hong 2014 [39] | • Increased CX43, CX32 and CX36 |
Xu 2006 [40] | • Increased Bcl-2 protein • Reduced Bax protein and mRNA |
Xu 2007 [41] | • Reduced IL-1β and TNF-α |
Yi 2014 [42] | • Increased SOD, PKA and pCREB • Reduced MDA and c-fos |
Feng 2013 [44] | • Increased GluR2 |
Li 2013 [45] | • Reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 |
Zheng 2009 [47] | • Increased ChAT • Reduced TchE |
Li 2012 [48] | • Reduced neuron loss |
Li 2014 [49] | • Increased BDNF |
Lee 2014 [50] | • Stimulated cholinergic enzyme activities • Regulated BDNF and CREB expression |
Zhu 2013 [51] | • Up-regulated mTOR and eIF4E |
Lu 2014 [52] | • Increased Fos expression |
Li 2012 [53] | • increased Bcl-2mRNA • decreased caspase-3 |
Guo 2015 [54] | • Down-regulated Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA |
Jiang 2015 [55] | • Increased the level of uptake rate of glucose |
Shao 2008 [56] | • Regulated the amount of AVP, SS, and β-EP |
Liu 2013 [57] | • Reduced MDA • Increased SOD |
Li 2015 [58] | • Increased the pyramidal neuron number • Decreased the number of astrocytes |
Lu 2008 [59] | • Increased NCAM and ST8SiaII/IVmRNA |