Background
Methods
Search strategy
Electronic search
Additional searches
Selection of studies
Data management
Minimising bias in study identification and selection
Criteria for considering inclusion of studies
Exclusion criteria for ineligible studies
Data abstraction
Handling of missing data
Risk of bias of assessment of included studies
Synthesis of included studies
Results
Differences between the published protocol and the actual study
Systematic review flow, screening and inclusion
Region (Author) | Year | Country | Design | Population | Period (years) | aPublication N (%) | Time to publication (years) | Conference abstract | bCitation | Study types | First author | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSS | RCT | |||||||||||
Afric | ||||||||||||
Pitche [12] | 2007 | Togo | CSS | Masters | 1993–2002 | 240 (41) | – | 54% | – | – | – | – |
Ahmed [9] | 2010 | Zambia | CSS | Masters | 1986–2009 | – | – | – | – | 80% | 3% | – |
Munung [14] | 2014 | Cameroon | CSS | Masters Doctoral | 1989–2010 | 130 (14) | 2.0 | 11% | – | – | – | 23% |
Nour-Eldein [15] | 2015 | Egypt | CSS | Masters | 1982–2014 | 169 (21) | 2.0 | – | – | 77% | 6% | 62% |
Doctoral | 39 (26) | |||||||||||
Obuku [13] | 2017 | Uganda | CSS | Masters | 1996–2010 | 1172 (18) | 2.3 | 2% | 17% (4%) | 75% | 5% | 99% |
Asia | ||||||||||||
Dhaliwal [2] | 2010 | India | CSS | Masters | 2001–2005 | 160 (30) | 2.81 | – | – | 44% | 23% | 54% |
Ozgen [11] | 2011 | Turkey | CSS | Masters | 1980–2005 | 22,625 (6) | – | – | 1 (0.6–2.3) | – | – | – |
Sipahi [17] | 2012 | Turkey | CSS | Masters | 1978–2009 | 295 (21) | – | – | – | – | – | 80% |
Doctoral | 243 (15) | |||||||||||
Eftekari [22] | 2013 | Iran | CSS | Masters | 1993–2007 | 502 (21) | 2.91 | – | – | – | – | – |
Motamed-Jahromi [16] | 2014 | Iran | CSS | Masters | 1990–2010 | 145 (40) | 3.01 | – | – | – | – | – |
Ogrenci [23] | 2015 | Turkey | CSS | Masters | 2004–2013 | 164 (18) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Koca [24] | 2016 | Turkey | CSS | Masters | 1974–2012 | 1394 (16) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
South America | ||||||||||||
Linch [10] | 2013 | Brazil | CSS | Masters Doctoral | 2007–2011 | 90 (103) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ticse [25] | 2014 | Peru | CSS | Masters | 2007–2010 | 199 (24) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Author | Year | Duration (years) | Selection bias due to sampling | Selection bias due to proportion of responders (> 60%) | Selection bias due to baseline characteristics (and confounding) | Detection bias due to reliability of measurement tools used | Bias due to method of data analysis used for overall outcome | Reporting biases | Overall risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | |||||||||
Pitche [12] | 2007 | 1993–2002 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Munung [14] | 2014 | 1989–2010 | High | Unclear | Low | Mod | Low | Low | High |
Nour-Eldein [15] | 2015 | 1982–2014 | High | Unclear | Mod | Low | Low | Low | High |
Obuku [13] | 2017 | 1996–2010 | Mod | Low | Low | Mod | Low | Low | Mod |
Asia | |||||||||
Dhaliwal [2] | 2010 | 2001–2005 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Ozgen [11] | 2011 | 1980–2005 | Low | Low | Mod | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Sipahi [17] | 2012 | 1978–2009 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Eftekari [22] | 2013 | 1993–2007 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Motamed-Jahromi [16] | 2014 | 1990–2010 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Ogrenci [23] | 2015 | 2004–2013 | Mod | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Koca [24] | 2016 | 1974–2012 | High | Unclear | Unclear | High | Low | Mod | High |
South America | |||||||||
Ticse [25] | 2014 | 2007–2010 | High | High | Unclear | Low | High | Mod | High |