Background
Methods
Primary human muscle stem cell isolation and culture of myoblasts
DNA methylation and mRNA expression arrays
Statistical analysis
Results
Human muscle stem cells
Non-obese (N = 14) | Obese (N = 14) |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Men/Women | 7/7 | 8/6 | |
Age, years | 54.2 ± 6.8 | 50.2 ± 6.2 | 1.3 × 10−1
|
BMI, kg/m2
| 24.7 ± 2.4 | 35.1 ± 2.8 | 5.1 × 10−11
|
Weight, kg | 74.5 ± 14.2 | 111.3 ± 9.0 | 1.2 × 10−9
|
Hip circumference, cm | 100.6 ± 4.7 | 119.6 ± 6.9 | 5.7 × 10−9
|
Waist circumference, cm | 85.9 ± 10.2 | 116.1 ± 8.6 | 6.2 × 10−9
|
Android fat mass, kg | 1.7 ± 7.1 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.3 × 10−10
|
Gynoid fat mass, kg | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 6.5 × 10−5
|
Whole body fat mass, kg | 20.0 ± 6.0 | 42.7 ± 8.7 | 1.7 × 10−8
|
Whole body fat-free mass, kg | 51.4 ± 13.3 | 63.9 ± 11.9 | 1.4 × 10−2
|
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 2.3 × 10−1
|
2-h glucose, mmol/La
| 5.2 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.6 × 10−1
|
Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 32.1 ± 13.3 | 92.7 ± 30.3 | 3.8 × 10−7
|
2-h insulin, pmol/La
| 230.1 ± 155.3 | 441.9 ± 287.0 | 2.4 × 10−2
|
HOMA-IR | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 1.8 × 10−6
|
HOMA-β, % | 74.4 ± 26.7 | 184.4 ± 74.8 | 2.4 × 10−5
|
P-Cholesterol-total, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 4.3 × 10−1
|
P-Cholesterol-HDL, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.7 × 10−2
|
P-Cholesterol-LDL, mmol/L | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 9.8 × 10−1
|
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134.3 ± 12.0 | 138.5 ± 18.1 | 4.7 × 10−1
|
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 85.6 ± 9.5 | 91.6 ± 9.1 | 9.8 × 10−1
|
Pulse, beats/min | 59.5 ± 12.4 | 66.6 ± 8.4 | 8.6 × 10−11
|
VO2 max per kg, mL/min/kg | 32.6 ± 11.4 | 22.2 ± 4.4 | 3.8 × 10−3
|
Changes in the global DNA methylation pattern during differentiation of primary human myoblasts into myotubes of healthy subjects
Changes in DNA methylation of individual CpG sites during differentiation of primary human myoblasts into myotubes of healthy subjects
Pathway (total number of genes in pathway) | Observed/Expected number of genes |
P value |
q value |
---|---|---|---|
Non-obese subjects | |||
Pathways in cancer (325) | 321/295 | 9.8 × 10−10
| 2.2 × 10−7
|
Metabolic pathways (1112) | 1060/1009 | 3.3 × 10−9
| 3.7 × 10−7
|
Focal adhesion (200) | 199/182 | 7.6 × 10−8
| 4.3 × 10−6
|
Endocytosis (200) | 199/182 | 7.6 × 10−8
| 4.3 × 10−6
|
MAPK signaling pathway (267) | 260/242 | 1.4 × 10−5
| 5.0 × 10−4
|
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (134) | 133/122 | 3.3 × 10−5
| 1.1 × 10−3
|
Neurotrophin signaling pathway (127) | 126/115 | 6.2 × 10−5
| 1.8 × 10−3
|
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (165) | 162/150 | 1.0 × 10−4
| 1.8 × 10−3
|
Lysosome (121) | 120/110 | 1.0 × 10−4
| 1.8 × 10−3
|
Cell cycle (124) | 123/113 | 8.1 × 10−5
| 1.8 × 10−3
|
Oxidative phosphorylation (119) | 118/108 | 1.0 × 10−4
| 1.8 × 10−3
|
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (211) | 205/192 | 2.0 × 10−4
| 2.9 × 10−3
|
TGF-beta signaling pathway (84) | 84/76 | 3.0 × 10−4
| 3.8 × 10−3
|
Axon guidance (129) | 127/117 | 4.0 × 10−4
| 4.8 × 10−3
|
Phosphatidylinositol signaling system (78) | 78/71 | 5.0 × 10−4
| 5.7 × 10−3
|
Purine metabolism (162) | 158/147 | 6.0 × 10−4
| 6.5 × 10−3
|
Calcium signaling pathway (176) | 171/160 | 8.0 × 10−4
| 7.9 × 10−3
|
Pyrimidine metabolism (98) | 97/89 | 8.0 × 10−4
| 7.9 × 10−3
|
Adipocytokine signaling pathway (68) | 68/62 | 1.4 × 10−3
| 1.3 × 10−2
|
p53 signaling pathway (68) | 68/62 | 1.4 × 10−3
| 1.3 × 10−2
|
Wnt signaling pathway (149) | 145/135 | 1.5 × 10−3
| 1.3 × 10−2
|
ErbB signaling pathway (87) | 86/79 | 2.1 × 10−3
| 1.7 × 10−2
|
Melanogenesis (101) | 99/92 | 3.5 × 10−3
| 2.6 × 10−2
|
Inositol phosphate metabolism (57) | 57/52 | 4.0 × 10−3
| 2.9 × 10−2
|
Peroxisome (79) | 78/72 | 4.3 × 10−3
| 3.0 × 10−2
|
mTOR signaling pathway (52) | 52/47 | 6.5 × 10−3
| 4.2 × 10−2
|
Spliceosome (127) | 123/115 | 7.0 × 10−3
| 4.4 × 10−2
|
Obese subjects | |||
Pathways in cancer (325) | 325/311 | 4.3 × 10−7
| 9.8 × 10−5
|
Metabolic pathways (1112) | 1086/1063 | 2.0 × 10−4
| 2.3 × 10−2
|
Methylation of non-CpG sites during myogenesis
Changes in the transcriptome during differentiation of primary human myoblasts into myotubes of healthy subjects
Identification of gene families with novel regulation patterns during myogenesis
Identification of transcription factor binding motifs of importance for myogenesis
Overlapping changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression during myogenesis
Expression | DNA methylation (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IlluminaID | Gene symbol | Myoblasts | Myotubes | Ratio |
q value | Probe ID | Gene region | Myoblasts | Myotubes | Difference |
q value |
Downregulated | |||||||||||
1170300 |
MT1G
| 8314.1 ± 5678.0 | 167.0 ± 63.3 | 0.02 | 0.0017 | cg03566142 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 13.8 ± 2.5 | 17.2 ± 2.6 | 3.4 | 0.033 |
3710161 |
LHB
| 547.1 ± 606.8 | 18.3 ± 9.7 | 0.03 | 0.0017 | cg06452915 | TSS1500 | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 12.2 ± 1.1 | 3.5 | 0.029 |
1400634 |
MT1M
| 2099.9 ± 1709.1 | 70.5 ± 33.9 | 0.03 | 0.0017 | cg04994964 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 12.7 ± 0.7 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 2.5 | 0.026 |
4880609 |
DKK1
| 767.1 ± 567.5 | 73.6 ± 57.5 | 0.1 | 0.0025 | cg11988964 | TSS1500 | 13.4 ± 1.1 | 19.3 ± 1.7 | 5.9 | 0.026 |
cg02302582 | TSS1500 | 15.8 ± 1.6 | 20.0 ± 1.5 | 4.2 | 0.031 | ||||||
cg27411220 | TSS1500 | 11.0 ± 2.1 | 14.5 ± 2.8 | 3.5 | 0.033 | ||||||
cg02493604 | TSS1500 | 12.6 ± 1.6 | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 4.4 | 0.041 | ||||||
cg07684796 | 1stExon | 7.6 ± 0.4 | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 2.6 | 0.049 | ||||||
6660601 |
HMOX1
| 3277.5 ± 1728.4 | 209.7 ± 104.1 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg05718255 | 3′UTR | 17.9 ± 2.3 | 22.4 ± 1.9 | 4.5 | 0.049 |
6620528 |
MT1X
| 7739.1 ± 4215.6 | 624.4 ± 155.5 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg03551406 | TSS1500 | 32.2 ± 2.0 | 36.1 ± 2.3 | 3.9 | 0.026 |
cg03368362 | TSS1500 | 8.0 ± 0.4 | 11.5 ± 1.1 | 3.5 | 0.033 | ||||||
cg05596720 | TSS200 | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.026 | ||||||
2480452 |
MYF5
| 1631.4 ± 1200.0 | 130.9 ± 77.6 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg14952949 | TSS1500 | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 32.8 ± 2.6 | 7.7 | 0.029 |
cg04524478 | TSS1500 | 39.6 ± 4.1 | 50.7 ± 3.0 | 11.1 | 0.033 | ||||||
cg14067873 | TSS200 | 25.7 ± 2.0 | 32.2 ± 2.1 | 6.5 | 0.026 | ||||||
cg06376520 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 25.5 ± 2.0 | 29.2 ± 1.8 | 3.6 | 0.044 | ||||||
cg26207503 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 25.9 ± 3.0 | 33.9 ± 2.5 | 8.0 | 0.049 | ||||||
cg21126707 | 1stExon | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 36.3 ± 3.8 | 7.6 | 0.033 | ||||||
cg10868277 | Body | 29.7 ± 5.9 | 38.5 ± 5.6 | 8.8 | 0.035 | ||||||
3440095 |
PSG3
| 588.6 ± 427.3 | 67.6 ± 97.4 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg07745725 | TSS1500 | 48.9 ± 1.1 | 51.9 ± 1.6 | 2.9 | 0.038 |
cg24313473 | Body | 14.0 ± 0.9 | 17.2 ± 1.5 | 3.3 | 0.044 | ||||||
4480292 |
PSG5
| 429.1 ± 283.6 | 60.7 ± 97.9 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg01011943 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 37.5 ± 1.8 | 41.3 ± 2.0 | 3.8 | 0.026 |
cg01011943 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 37.5 ± 1.8 | 41.3 ± 2.0 | 3.8 | 0.026 | ||||||
580711 |
SMAD6
| 725.9 ± 245.0 | 73.0 ± 39.3 | 0.1 | 0.0017 | cg12216518 | TSS1500;Body | 20.4 ± 1.6 | 24.8 ± 2.0 | 4.4 | 0.035 |
cg17860201 | 5′UTR;1stExon;Body | 73.1 ± 1.5 | 78.1 ± 1.4 | 5.0 | 0.031 | ||||||
cg27514333 | Body | 13.6 ± 1.8 | 17.5 ± 2.2 | 3.9 | 0.026 | ||||||
Upregulated | |||||||||||
5080132 |
ACTA1
| 391.8 ± 893.0 | 11408.8 ± 4221.9 | 29.1 | 0.0025 | cg20025656 | TSS1500 | 16.4 ± 1.1 | 20.8 ± 1.7 | 4.5 | 0.028 |
cg02970384 | Body | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 12.0 ± 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.038 | ||||||
1230451 |
TPM2
| 147.9 ± 118.3 | 5491.1 ± 3076.8 | 37.1 | 0.0017 | cg13969788 | Body | 25.0 ± 3.9 | 30.3 ± 4.1 | 5.3 | 0.031 |
cg26607748 | TSS200 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.044 | ||||||
4150379 |
TNNT3
| 32.5 ± 42.8 | 1258.1 ± 750.4 | 38.7 | 0.0017 | cg26355894 | TSS200 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 16.5 ± 2.7 | 3.7 | 0.028 |
cg15849872 | 5′UTR | 11.3 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.028 | ||||||
cg16911576 | Body | 73.3 ± 1.9 | 69.7 ± 2.2 | −3.7 | 0.044 | ||||||
4760040 |
NEB
| 30.3 ± 33.5 | 1195.0 ± 957.8 | 39.4 | 0.0017 | cg17254273 | TSS1500 | 81.2 ± 1.2 | 77.9 ± 1.2 | −3.3 | 0.041 |
3890743 |
APOBEC2
| 21.0 ± 23.0 | 989.5 ± 1067.7 | 47.0 | 0.0017 | cg17548735 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 24.9 ± 2.5 | 28.9 ± 2.7 | 4.0 | 0.033 |
cg22375610 | 1stExon | 12.8 ± 1.4 | 16.6 ± 1.7 | 3.9 | 0.026 | ||||||
6840092 |
MYLPF
| 213.4 ± 492.6 | 11507.5 ± 4592.8 | 53.9 | 0.0017 | cg08130222 | TSS200 | 54.8 ± 3.3 | 50.3 ± 3.3 | −4.5 | 0.044 |
cg09762897 | Body | 10.3 ± 0.4 | 12.9 ± 1.0 | 2.6 | 0.049 | ||||||
1070541 |
MYH3
| 200.9 ± 412.0 | 11286.7 ± 4171.6 | 56.2 | 0.0017 | cg06891639 | TSS1500 | 63.1 ± 2.8 | 55.6 ± 3.0 | −7.5 | 0.049 |
6900360 |
MYH7
| 43.8 ± 63.2 | 4070.3 ± 2705.0 | 93.0 | 0.0017 | cg22963791 | Body | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 2.5 | 0.049 |
6620035 |
CASQ2
| 43.8 ± 60.1 | 4288.1 ± 2746.6 | 97.8 | 0.0017 | cg17903306 | TSS200 | 70.0 ± 3.3 | 58.8 ± 3.3 | −11.2 | 0.049 |
3610402 |
SLN
| 24.4 ± 8.9 | 2969.5 ± 3289.5 | 121.6 | 0.0025 | cg09773458 | TSS1500 | 28.8 ± 2.7 | 35.0 ± 1.8 | 6.3 | 0.035 |
Functional follow-up experiments identified IL-32 as a novel regulator of myogenesis and insulin sensitivity
Impact of obesity on the DNA methylation pattern during differentiation of primary human myoblasts into myotubes
Impact of obesity on the transcriptome during differentiation of primary human myoblasts into myotubes
Overlapping differences in DNA methylation and mRNA expression during differentiation in obese versus non-obese subjects
Expression | DNA methylation (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IlluminaID | Gene symbol | Myoblasts | Myotubes | Ratio |
q value | Probe ID | Gene region | Myoblasts | Myotubes | Difference |
q value |
Downregulated | |||||||||||
6840609 |
CGB1
| 1937.2 ± 3035.4 | 29.6 ± 10.0 | 0.02 | 0.0018 | cg19220091 | TSS1500 | 62.2 ± 1.8 | 59.7 ± 2.5 | −2.5 | 0.011 |
cg03671148 | TSS1500 | 56.3 ± 2.2 | 54.5 ± 1.8 | −1.8 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg02355049 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 36.9 ± 5.3 | 38.5 ± 6.2 | 1.6 | 0.044 | ||||||
cg21042333 | 3′UTR | 74.3 ± 5.4 | 71.5 ± 5.7 | −2.8 | 0.0037 | ||||||
3710161 |
LHB
| 674.2 ± 1463.7 | 15.5 ± 6.1 | 0.02 | 0.0018 | cg06452915 | TSS1500 | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 2.8 | 0.0029 |
cg20173259 | TSS1500 | 10.7 ± 1.9 | 14.3 ± 3.0 | 3.6 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg15504677 | TSS1500 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | −0.4 | 0.023 | ||||||
130093 |
MT1H
| 1188.9 ± 1430.9 | 23.0 ± 9.7 | 0.02 | 0.0018 | cg01507019 | TSS1500 | 87.0 ± 4.3 | 85.5 ± 5.2 | −1.5 | 0.037 |
cg10014293 | Body | 32.3 ± 6.2 | 35.2 ± 6.3 | 2.9 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg26937772 | 3′UTR | 28.2 ± 14.2 | 34.9 ± 13.9 | 6.6 | 0.0029 | ||||||
1170300 |
MT1G
| 5699.4 ± 4458.8 | 183.9 ± 69.6 | 0.03 | 0.0018 | cg01507019 | TSS1500 | 87.0 ± 4.3 | 85.5 ± 5.2 | −1.5 | 0.037 |
cg07602841 | TSS200 | 15.6 ± 3.7 | 19.6 ± 3.6 | 3.9 | 0.0037 | ||||||
cg07791866 | TSS200 | 9.2 ± 4.5 | 10.4 ± 5.1 | 1.1 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg02803037 | TSS200 | 10.3 ± 5.6 | 11.9 ± 7.1 | 1.6 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg16452857 | TSS200 | 11.5 ± 2.7 | 10.5 ± 2.6 | −1.1 | 0.037 | ||||||
4200372 |
CGB5
| 484.7 ± 969.2 | 17.6 ± 7.8 | 0.04 | 0.0018 | cg04403474 | TSS1500 | 14.6 ± 3.8 | 18.7 ± 5.8 | 4.1 | 0.0037 |
cg24908058 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 47.4 ± 6.3 | 49.1 ± 6.2 | 1.7 | 0.0044 | ||||||
cg17497187 | Body | 68.6 ± 2.9 | 66.0 ± 2.9 | −2.6 | 0.0070 | ||||||
670386 |
ID1
| 3065.6 ± 892.7 | 111.8 ± 80.4 | 0.04 | 0.0018 | cg24056028 | TSS1500 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.0087 |
cg11815991 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 8.7 ± 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg27562717 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg03154513 | 1stExon | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.032 | ||||||
1400634 |
MT1M
| 1632.7 ± 1996.4 | 73.5 ± 35.3 | 0.05 | 0.0018 | cg05581701 | TSS1500 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 15.7 ± 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.032 |
cg10638827 | TSS1500 | 21.1 ± 2.8 | 24.7 ± 4.5 | 3.6 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg02160530 | TSS200 | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 2.2 | 0.0044 | ||||||
cg04994964 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 12.8 ± 1.4 | 14.4 ± 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg04523867 | Body | 57.5 ± 7.1 | 60.3 ± 6.0 | 2.7 | 0.044 | ||||||
4880609 |
DKK1
| 645.4 ± 526.5 | 61.6 ± 55.1 | 0.1 | 0.0018 | cg25158147 | TSS1500 | 13.9 ± 3.8 | 15.7 ± 3.2 | 1.8 | 0.032 |
cg02162906 | TSS1500 | 12.5 ± 1.8 | 14.1 ± 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg02493604 | TSS1500 | 11.3 ± 2.7 | 13.7 ± 3.7 | 2.4 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg12621514 | TSS1500 | 25.9 ± 7.7 | 32.1 ± 8.0 | 6.2 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg02302582 | TSS1500 | 14.5 ± 2.1 | 17.4 ± 2.0 | 2.9 | 0.0044 | ||||||
cg11988964 | TSS1500 | 13.4 ± 2.5 | 16.6 ± 2.1 | 3.1 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg25454948 | TSS1500 | 11.7 ± 1.3 | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 2.0 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg11931116 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg07684796 | 1stExon | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.023 | ||||||
cg25751172 | Body | 16.4 ± 8.9 | 20.3 ± 9.9 | 3.9 | 0.0037 | ||||||
cg01160882 | Body | 14.5 ± 4.5 | 17.3 ± 5.8 | 2.8 | 0.0058 | ||||||
cg18956393 | Body | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 10.4 ± 3.3 | 2.2 | 0.0058 | ||||||
2140682 |
MT1E
| 263.1 ± 228.6 | 21.1 ± 6.6 | 0.1 | 0.0018 | cg15134649 | TSS1500 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.044 |
cg07912888 | TSS1500 | 26.4 ± 9.1 | 29.6 ± 10.3 | 3.2 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg00178359 | TSS200 | 22.6 ± 3.6 | 24.4 ± 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.027 | ||||||
cg05743734 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.0070 | ||||||
cg20083730 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg06463589 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg04793813 | Body | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.032 | ||||||
2480452 |
MYF5
| 2049.5 ± 1210.7 | 213.3 ± 113.5 | 0.1 | 0.0018 | cg04524478 | TSS1500 | 31.2 ± 12.8 | 42.7 ± 11.6 | 11.5 | 0.0029 |
cg10513852 | TSS1500 | 19.0 ± 5.2 | 26.8 ± 10.9 | 7.8 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg14952949 | TSS1500 | 16.4 ± 6.9 | 24.8 ± 10.2 | 8.4 | 0.0037 | ||||||
cg14067873 | TSS200 | 24.4 ± 5.2 | 30.3 ± 7.5 | 6.0 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg26207503 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 20.5 ± 7.0 | 27.5 ± 7.2 | 7.0 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg06376520 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 22.4 ± 3.8 | 26.8 ± 6.0 | 4.4 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg26998717 | 1stExon | 12.5 ± 3.6 | 17.2 ± 3.5 | 4.8 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg21126707 | 1stExon | 21.2 ± 8.9 | 28.7 ± 9.9 | 7.4 | 0.0044 | ||||||
cg10868277 | Body | 21.4 ± 14.8 | 28.8 ± 15.3 | 7.5 | 0.0037 | ||||||
Upregulated | |||||||||||
1030431 |
ACSL1
| 204.5 ± 50.9 | 604.5 ± 165.3 | 3.0 | 0.0018 | cg21390575 | TSS1500 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 12.3 ± 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.0029 |
cg24170415 | TSS1500 | 9.3 ± 1.1 | 11.5 ± 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg19487718 | TSS1500 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.0070 | ||||||
cg23684603 | TSS200 | 9.5 ± 1.4 | 11.0 ± 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.044 | ||||||
cg07619799 | TSS200 | 6.7 ± 1.3 | 8.6 ± 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.0070 | ||||||
cg07730946 | 5′UTR | 73.8 ± 2.5 | 71.5 ± 3.2 | −2.3 | 0.019 | ||||||
cg11168687 | 5′UTR | 39.2 ± 9.9 | 44.8 ± 8.9 | 5.7 | 0.019 | ||||||
cg20823481 | 5′UTR | 10.7 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.019 | ||||||
cg20410192 | 5′UTR | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg24721647 | 5′UTR | 23.0 ± 16.2 | 28.7 ± 14.2 | 5.7 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg00287477 | Body | 17.4 ± 5.4 | 22.7 ± 7.8 | 5.3 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg03498175 | Body | 93.8 ± 1.3 | 92.6 ± 1.2 | −1.2 | 0.019 | ||||||
cg03422749 | 3′UTR | 18.5 ± 3.7 | 23.1 ± 5.2 | 4.6 | 0.0044 | ||||||
7550301 |
SLC8A3
| 59.3 ± 23.1 | 250.8 ± 177.0 | 4.2 | 0.0018 | cg13550670 | TSS1500;Body | 24.2 ± 8.1 | 28.4 ± 9.5 | 4.2 | 0.0058 |
cg26033932 | TSS1500;Body | 40.7 ± 6.1 | 45.0 ± 8.2 | 4.3 | 0.0058 | ||||||
cg21512124 | TSS200 | 14.7 ± 1.6 | 16.6 ± 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg14174099 | TSS200 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg22823236 | 5′UTR | 75.1 ± 6.1 | 68.9 ± 7.3 | −6.3 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg00890485 | 5′UTR | 12.6 ± 2.1 | 13.7 ± 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.044 | ||||||
cg18296189 | Body | 10.1 ± 2.1 | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 2.7 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg15823642 | Body | 33.0 ± 10.3 | 36.0 ± 9.7 | 3.0 | 0.0058 | ||||||
6840056 |
MYL6B
| 2410.8 ± 764.6 | 10375.0 ± 3226.6 | 4.3 | 0.0018 | cg25012219 | TSS1500 | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.0070 |
cg16017677 | TSS1500;3′UTR | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 8.9 ± 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg06400595 | TSS1500;3′UTR | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.019 | ||||||
cg27207452 | TSS1500;3′UTR | 6.9 ± 0.8 | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.023 | ||||||
cg18176406 | TSS200 | 7.5 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg20376421 | TSS200 | 9.3 ± 2.5 | 11.4 ± 2.6 | 2.1 | 0.0029 | ||||||
cg23309825 | 5′UTR | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg25954162 | 5′UTR | 10.9 ± 2.5 | 12.6 ± 3.9 | 1.7 | 0.027 | ||||||
1500349 |
MYH6
| 32.5 ± 18.7 | 467.9 ± 424.2 | 14.4 | 0.0018 | cg26270038 | TSS1500 | 55.4 ± 7.7 | 49.8 ± 6.3 | −5.6 | 0.0044 |
cg26083141 | TSS1500 | 78.2 ± 5.5 | 75.6 ± 4.2 | −2.6 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg16803085 | Body | 83.6 ± 9.3 | 81.4 ± 8.8 | −2.2 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg21051473 | Body | 63.6 ± 8.2 | 61.0 ± 8.7 | −2.6 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg10949499 | Body | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 59.9 ± 5.9 | −4.3 | 0.0044 | ||||||
cg01593969 | 3′UTR | 19.0 ± 10.2 | 22.2 ± 10.5 | 3.2 | 0.011 | ||||||
1010093 |
SMPX
| 26.6 ± 13.8 | 433.5 ± 274.3 | 16.3 | 0.0018 | cg04489366 | TSS1500 | 44.3 ± 16.3 | 49.5 ± 15.8 | 5.2 | 0.0087 |
cg13118590 | TSS1500 | 79.5 ± 6.7 | 75.9 ± 9.6 | −3.5 | 0.027 | ||||||
cg16168153 | TSS200 | 73.2 ± 7.3 | 70.4 ± 8.6 | −2.8 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg00855923 | TSS200 | 63.6 ± 12.5 | 58.6 ± 12.6 | −5.0 | 0.019 | ||||||
7610451 |
MYH2
| 46.0 ± 39.8 | 1113.7 ± 1154.5 | 24.2 | 0.0018 | cg18432105 | TSS1500 | 75.6 ± 10.6 | 68.1 ± 11.9 | −7.5 | 0.0029 |
cg27569752 | TSS200;5′UTR;1stExon | 20.9 ± 8.4 | 24.8 ± 8.6 | 3.9 | 0.0070 | ||||||
cg06220958 | 5′UTR | 15.9 ± 4.5 | 19.5 ± 7.0 | 3.6 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg07416502 | Body | 81.4 ± 4.6 | 77.6 ± 5.3 | −3.9 | 0.011 | ||||||
4730435 |
MYL1
| 208.3 ± 316.3 | 5624.2 ± 4526.8 | 27.0 | 0.0018 | cg27305342 | TSS1500;Body | 76.8 ± 9.5 | 73.4 ± 9.1 | −3.4 | 0.027 |
cg21468315 | TSS200 | 74.8 ± 7.5 | 70.3 ± 8.0 | −4.5 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg10727812 | 1stExon | 86.5 ± 6.6 | 83.5 ± 4.2 | −3.0 | 0.037 | ||||||
cg11059341 | Body | 72.4 ± 8.4 | 67.6 ± 6.5 | −4.8 | 0.044 | ||||||
1070541 |
MYH3
| 373.1 ± 523.9 | 10804.2 ± 3658.5 | 29.0 | 0.0018 | cg11887833 | TSS1500 | 88.9 ± 7.5 | 85.7 ± 7.5 | −3.1 | 0.0029 |
cg22108292 | TSS1500 | 74.0 ± 9.4 | 67.2 ± 10.5 | −6.8 | 0.0070 | ||||||
cg06891639 | TSS1500 | 63.2 ± 9.6 | 57.7 ± 8.3 | −5.5 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg17944891 | TSS1500 | 69.8 ± 6.7 | 64.2 ± 8.1 | −5.5 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg21430748 | Body | 76.3 ± 4.8 | 73.6 ± 5.2 | −2.8 | 0.0070 | ||||||
6900360 |
MYH7
| 92.3 ± 128.0 | 4031.0 ± 2324.9 | 43.7 | 0.0018 | cg26670875 | TSS1500 | 27.7 ± 7.2 | 33.6 ± 5.8 | 5.9 | 0.0044 |
cg01203550 | TSS200 | 19.6 ± 9.1 | 22.1 ± 9.3 | 2.5 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg08240074 | 5′UTR | 73.3 ± 10.2 | 67.1 ± 10.0 | −6.2 | 0.0037 | ||||||
cg14030388 | Body | 81.9 ± 3.6 | 78.9 ± 3.4 | −2.9 | 0.0058 | ||||||
cg23123918 | Body | 77.0 ± 6.1 | 73.9 ± 6.0 | −3.1 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg22963791 | Body | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg08209104 | Body | 45.6 ± 6.4 | 43.4 ± 6.9 | −2.2 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg21176875 | Body | 74.0 ± 7.2 | 70.5 ± 6.3 | −3.5 | 0.013 | ||||||
cg13785779 | Body | 53.8 ± 9.8 | 50.3 ± 9.8 | −3.5 | 0.027 | ||||||
cg21242212 | Body | 60.1 ± 8.5 | 57.9 ± 7.4 | −2.2 | 0.037 | ||||||
3610402 |
SLN
| 28.0 ± 13.3 | 2635.2 ± 3930.7 | 94.1 | 0.0018 | cg09773458 | TSS1500 | 26.4 ± 8.7 | 35.2 ± 11.1 | 8.7 | 0.0070 |
cg05929864 | TSS1500 | 35.8 ± 8.0 | 42.8 ± 6.4 | 7.0 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg17971003 | TSS200 | 43.0 ± 12.1 | 49.1 ± 11.3 | 6.2 | 0.0087 | ||||||
cg16476427 | TSS200 | 16.5 ± 7.2 | 22.6 ± 10.4 | 6.0 | 0.011 | ||||||
cg24307368 | TSS200 | 9.7 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 5.0 | 3.0 | 0.016 | ||||||
cg11117131 | TSS200 | 23.3 ± 6.5 | 27.7 ± 8.5 | 4.3 | 0.032 | ||||||
cg12237269 | 5′UTR;1stExon | 82.9 ± 3.8 | 84.2 ± 4.0 | 1.3 | 0.037 |