Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Articles selection process
Data extraction
Statistical interaction concepts
Results
Study selection
Occupational exposures and tobacco smoking interactions
Asbestos-smoking statistical interaction
Author (Year) | Study design | Geographic area | Industry type | Fiber type | Outcome identification | Asbestos | Smoking | NOS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Data collection | Exposure Identification | Non exposed | Exposed | Data collection | Non Smoker | Smoker | |||||||
Berry (1985) [24] | Prospective | East London (UK) | Asbestos factory | Undetermined | Register | Employment record | Expert | Light and moderate | Severe | Questionnaire | Never | Ever | 6 |
Liddell (2002) [26] | Prospective | Quebec (Canada) | Mining and Milling | Chrysotile | Death certificate | Employment record | Measures | <30 mpcf.y | ≥30 mpcf.y | Questionnaire | Never | Ever | 7 |
Reid (2006) [23] | Prospective | Wittenoom (Australia) | Mining and Milling | Crocidolite | Register | -Questionnaire -Employment record | Measures | Low | High | Questionnaire | Never and former >20 Y | Current and former <20 Y | 8 |
Frost (2011) [25] | Prospective | Great Britain | Different types | Undetermined | Register | Questionnaire | Expert | <10 Y | ≥30 Y | Questionnaire | Never | Current | 8 |
Wang (2012) [22] | Prospective | Qinghai (China) | Mining and Milling | Chrysotile | Death certificate | Employment record | Measures | Non miners and millers | Miners and millers | Interview | Never | Ever | 6 |
Wang (2012) [28] | Prospective | China | Asbestos factory | Chrysotile | Death certificate | -Employment record -Questionnaire | Measures | Electronics factory | Asbestos cohort | Questionnaire | Never | Ever | 7 |
Offermans (2014) [27] | Case-cohort | Netherlands | Undetermined | Undetermined | Register | Questionnaire | Matrix | Never | Ever | Questionnaire | Never | Current | 7 |
Author (Year) | Subjects | Cases (sub-cohort) | Follow-up | NS/Exposed | S/Exposed | Interaction Estimation | Interpretation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additive | Multiplicative | Additive | Multiplicative | ||||||
Berry (1985) [24] | M: 1250 F: 420 | M: 64 F: 15 | 1971–1980 | RR = 7.3 | RR = 2.4 | NA | RAE = 3.0 (0.8-7.5) | NA | No |
Liddell (2002) [26] | M: 7279 | M: 533 | 1904–1992 | SMR = 0.62 | SMR = 1.71 | S = 1.1 (0.73-1.41) | RAE = 1.69 (0.87-3.28) | No | No |
Reid (2006) [23] | M: 2550 F: 183 | M: 132 F: 6 | 1979–2002 | OR = 2.02 (0.61–6.72) | OR = 1.64 (1.124–2.37) | NA | RAEm = 1.59 (0.12-20.50) | NA | No |
Frost (2011) [25] | M: 93966 | M: 1768 | 1971–2005 | RR = 1.6 (0.6–4.2) | RR = 26.2 (13.0–53.1) | S = 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | V = 0.9 (0.3-2.4) | Positive | No |
Wang (2012) [22] | M: 1539 | M: 50 | 1981–2006 | SMR = 1.79 (0.49-6.51) | SMR = 5.45 (4.11-7.22) | NA | RAE = 0.52 (0.07-1.11) | NA | No |
Wang (2012) [28] | M: 577 | M: 53 | 1972–2008 | HR = 7.52 (0.90-62.79) | HR = 17.35 (2.38-126.57) | S = 1.41 (0.73-3.99) | NA | No | NA |
Offermans (2014) [27] | M: 2324 | M: 2107 | 1986–2003 | HR = 1.79 (1.04–3.08) | HR = 10.21 (7.26–14.35) | RERI = 1.94 (0.13-4.89) | IT P = 0.50 | No | No |
Author (Year) | Study design | Geographic area | Subjects identification | Asbestos | Smoking | NOS | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | Data collection | Exposure Identification | Non exposed | Exposed | Data collection | Non Smoker | Smoker | ||||
Martischnig (1977) [29] | Hospital-based | United Kingdom | Hospital | Hospital | Questionnaire | Expert | No occupational history | Occupational history | Questionnaire | 0-14 C/D | >14 C/D | 7 |
Blot (1978) [30] | Hospital-based | Coastal Georgia (USA) | -Hospital -Death certificate | Hospital | Interview | Auto-declaration | Not shipbuilder | Shipbuilder | Interview | <10 C/D | ≥10 C/D | 6 |
Jöckel (1998) [31] | Hospital-based | Germany | Hospital | Register | -Questionnaire -Interview | Matrix | Never | Exposed >5280 h | -Questionnaire -Interview | Never and < 27.1 P.Y | ≥27.1 P.Y | 7 |
Gustavsson (2002) [35] | Population-based | Sweden | Register | Register | Self-reported questionnaire | Industrial hygienist | Never | ≥1.0 f-years | Self-reported questionnaire | Never | Current | 7 |
Carel (2007) [32] | Hospital-based | Europe | Hospital | -Hospital -Register | Questionnaire | Expert | Never | Exposed > 1 Y | Questionnaire | Never | Ever | 8 |
De Matteis (2012) [6] | Population-based | Italy | Hospital | Population databases | Questionnaire | Matrix | Never | Ever | Questionnaire | Never | -Former -Current | 6 |
Villeneuve (2012) [33] | Population-based | Canada | Register | General population | Self-reported questionnaire | Industrial hygienist | Never | Medium or high | Self-reported questionnaire | <10 P.Y | ≥10 P.Y | 7 |
Lacourt (2015) [34] | Pooled | Montreal (Canada) | Hospital | Population (electoral lists) | Questionnaire | -Chemist -Industrial hygienist | Never | Ever | Questionnaire | Never-low | Medium-heavy | 7 |
Author (Year) | Cases | Controls | Recruitment period | NS /Exposed | S/Exposed | Interaction Estimation | Interpretation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additive | Multiplicative | Additive | Multiplicative | ||||||
Martischnig (1977) [29] | M: 201 | M: 201 | 1972–1973 | RR = 1.08 | ≥25 C/D: RR = 3.26 | NA | No heterogeneity of RRs X2 = 2.89; DF =2 | NA | No |
Blot (1978) [30] | M: 458 | M: 553 | 1970–1976 | RR = 1.3 | RR = 1.7 RR = 2.4 | NA | No heterogeneity of RRs P > 0.10 | NA | No |
Jöckel (1998) [31] | M: 839 F: 165 | M: 839 F: 165 | 1988-1993 | OR = 1.1 | OR = 6.5 OR = 18 | NA | IT
P = 0.73 | NA | No |
Gustavsson (2002) [35] | M: 1038 | M: 2359 | 1985–1990 | RR = 4.2 (1.6-11.1) | RR = 28.6 (19.9-48.3) | S = 1.15 (0.77-1.72) | IT OR = 0.31 (0.11-0.86) | No | Negative |
Carel (2007) [32] | M: 2205 | M: 2305 | 1998–2002 | Not shown | Not shown | NA | No modification effect CEE: P = 0.37 UK P = 0.62. | NA | No |
De Matteis (2012) [6] | M: 1537 | M: 1617 | 2002–2005 | OR = 2.47 (1.15-5.31) | OR = 49.54 (28.18-87.08) | NA | LRT
P = 0.19 | NA | No |
Villeneuve (2012) [33] | M: 1681 | M: 2053 | 1994–1997 | OR = 2.20 (0.42-11.41) | OR = 38.59 (10.78-138.08) | NA | IT
P = 0.77 | NA | No |
Lacourt (2015) [34] | M: 414 | M: 321 | St.1: 1979–1986 St.2: 1996–1998 | OR = 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | OR = 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | NA | IT
P = 0.68 | NA | No |
Silica-smoking statistical interaction
Author (Year) | Study design | Geographic area | Industry type | Outcome identification | Silica | Smoking | NOS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Data collection | Exposure Identification | Non exposed | Exposed | Data collection | Non Smoker | Smoker | ||||||
Silica-smoking interaction studies | ||||||||||||
Liu (2013) [36] | Prospective cohort | China | Metal mines and pottery factories | -Hospital record -Death certificate | Employment record | Matrix | Never | Ever | Interview | Never | Ever | 8 |
Fu (1994) [37] | Nested case–control | Guangxi province (China) | Tin miners | Death Certificate | -Employment record -Questionnaire | Expert | Never | YUED | Questionnaire | Never | P.Y | 7 |
Cassidy (2007) [38] | Multicenter hospital-based case–control | Europe | Undetermined | Hospital | Questionnaire | Industrial hygienist | Never | Ever | Questionnaire | Never | -Former -Current | 7 |
De Matteis (2012) [6] | Population-based case–control | Italy | Undetermined | Hospital | -Questionnaire -Interview | Matrix | Never | Ever | -Questionnaire -Interview | Never | -Former -Current | 6 |
Kachuri (2014) [39] | Population-based case–control | Canada | Undetermined | Register | Self-reported questionnaire | Industrial hygienist | Never | ≥30 Y | Self-reported questionnaire | <10 P.Y | ≥40 P.Y | 8 |
Consonni (2015) [40] | Pooled case–control | Europe, Canada, Hong Kong and New Zealand | Bricklayers | -Register -Hospital | Questionnaire | Matrix | Never bricklayers | Ever bricklayers | Questionnaire | Never | Ever | 8 |
Lacourt (2015) [34] | Pooled case–control | Montreal (Canada) | Construction | Hospital | Questionnaire | Expert | Never | Substantial | Questionnaire | Never-low | Medium-heavy | 7 |
Diesel-smoking interaction studies | ||||||||||||
Silverman (2012) [41] | Nested case–control | USA | Non-metal mining facilities | -Register -Death certificate | Computer-assisted telephone interview | Measures | Never | Tertiles | Computer-assisted telephone interview | Never | ≥2 P.D | 8 |
Pintos (2012) [42] | Pooled case–control | Canada | Wide range of occupations and industries | Incident case | Questionnaire | -Chemist -Industrial hygienist | Never | Substantial | Questionnaire | Never-low (0–15 P.Y) | Medium-heavy (>15 P.Y) | 7 |
Author (Year) | Subjects (cases) | Cases (controls) | Perioda
| NS/Exposed | S/Exposed | Interaction Estimation | Interpretation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additive | Multiplicative | Additive | Multiplicative | ||||||
Silica-smoking interaction studies | |||||||||
Liu (2013) [36] | 34018 | 546 | 1960–2003 | HR = 1.10 (0.68-1.78) | HR = 3.83 (2.48-5.90) | RERI = 0.98 (0.23-1.74) | IT
P = 0.25 | No | No |
Fu (1994) [37] | M: 79 | M: 188 | 1973–1989 | NA | NA | NA | IT
P = 0.57 | NA | No |
Cassidy (2007) [38] | M: 2197 F: 655 | M: 2295 F: 809 | 1998–2002 | OR = 1.41 (0.79 -2.49) | OR = 1.41 (1.07-1.87) | NA | Test for Heterogeneity P = 0.37 | NA | No |
De Matteis (2012) [6] | M: 1537 | M: 1617 | 2002–2005 | OR = 1.41 (0.51-3.91) | OR = 44.98 (27.15-74.52) | NA | LRT
P = 0.94 | NA | No |
Kachuri (2014) [39] | M: 1681 | M: 2053 | 1994–1997 | OR = 0.63 (0.26-1.52) | OR = 42.53 (23.54-76.83) | S = 2.38 (1.35-4.21) | V = 3.59 (1.51-8.49) | Positive | Positive |
Consonni (2015) [40] | M: 15608 | M: 18531 | 1985–2010 | OR = 1.18 | OR = 18.5 | RERI = 6.80 (4.36-9.62) | IT
P = 0.28 | Positive | No |
Lacourt (2015) [34] | M: 241 | M: 196 | St.1: 1979–1986 St.2: 1996–1998 | OR = 3.1 (1.0–9.6) | OR = 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | NA | IT
P = 0.02 | NA | Negative |
Diesel-smoking interaction studies | |||||||||
Silverman (2012) [41] | M: 198 | M: 562 Ma | 1947–1977 | OR = 7.30 (1.46- 36.57) | OR = 17.38 (3.48-86.73) | NA | IT
P = 0.086 | NA | No |
Pintos (2012) [42] | St. I: M: 857 St. II: M: 736 | St. I: M: 533 St. II: M: 894 | St. I: 1979–1986 St. II: 1996–2001 | OR = 2.29 (1.1-4.6) | OR = 9.84 (6.4-15.1) | NA | IT OR = 1.15 (0.5-2.7) | NA | No |