Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 4/2016

26.08.2016

Access, availability, and infrastructure deficiency: The current management of thyroid disease in the developing world

verfasst von: Jane Fualal, Joel Ehrenkranz

Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Thyroid disease, a neglected tropical disease and the most common noncommunicable disease in the developing world, is overlooked, under-diagnosed, and inadequately managed. The spectrum of thyroid disorders in the developing world is qualitatively different from that found in industrialized countries. This qualitative difference has resulted in limited access to clinical, laboratory, and imaging resources that are necessary for the care of patients with thyroid disease. The management of thyroid disease in the developing world is comparable to the care provided for disorders of the thyroid in North America fifty years ago.
This article reviews public health and clinical aspects of developing world medical and surgical thyroid disease. Topics covered include iodine deficiency disorders, congenital hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer, and hyper- and hypothyroidism. The review concludes with a description of programs based on smartphone technology to improve the availability, affordability, and quality of thyroid disease care.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaitan E, Nelson N, Poole G. Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders. World J Surg. 1991;15(2):205–15.CrossRefPubMed Gaitan E, Nelson N, Poole G. Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders. World J Surg. 1991;15(2):205–15.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kopp P. Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) Nobel Prize Centenary 2009 Arq Bras. Endocrinol Metab. 2009;53(9):1176–80. Kopp P. Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) Nobel Prize Centenary 2009 Arq Bras. Endocrinol Metab. 2009;53(9):1176–80.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Hertz S, Roberts A, Evans R. Raidoactive iodine as an indicator in the study of thyroid physiology. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med. 1938;38:510.CrossRef Hertz S, Roberts A, Evans R. Raidoactive iodine as an indicator in the study of thyroid physiology. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med. 1938;38:510.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ord W. Report of a committee of the Clinical Society of London nominated December 14, 1883, to investigate the subject of myxoedema. Trans Clin Soc Lond. 1888;21(Suppl):1–215. Ord W. Report of a committee of the Clinical Society of London nominated December 14, 1883, to investigate the subject of myxoedema. Trans Clin Soc Lond. 1888;21(Suppl):1–215.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Deladoe J, Van Vliet G. The changing epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism: fact or artifact? Expert Rev. Endocrinol Metab. Early online, 1–9 (2014). Deladoe J, Van Vliet G. The changing epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism: fact or artifact? Expert Rev. Endocrinol Metab. Early online, 1–9 (2014).
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Rumstadt B, Klein B, Kirr H, Kaltenbach N, Homenu W, Schilling W. Thyroid surgery in Burkina Faso, West Africa: experience from a Surgical Help Program. World J Surg. 2008;32:2627–30.CrossRefPubMed Rumstadt B, Klein B, Kirr H, Kaltenbach N, Homenu W, Schilling W. Thyroid surgery in Burkina Faso, West Africa: experience from a Surgical Help Program. World J Surg. 2008;32:2627–30.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng L, McColl L, Parker G. Thyroid surgery in the UK and on board the mercy ships. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;50:592–6.CrossRefPubMed Cheng L, McColl L, Parker G. Thyroid surgery in the UK and on board the mercy ships. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;50:592–6.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Mesele, Degu G, Gebrehiwot H. Prevalence and associated factors of goiter among rural children aged 6–12 years old in Northwest Ethiopia, cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;13:130–7.CrossRef Mesele, Degu G, Gebrehiwot H. Prevalence and associated factors of goiter among rural children aged 6–12 years old in Northwest Ethiopia, cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;13:130–7.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Pearce E, Anderson M, Zimmerman B. Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013. Thyroid. 2013;23(5):523–8.CrossRefPubMed Pearce E, Anderson M, Zimmerman B. Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013. Thyroid. 2013;23(5):523–8.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanin A, Sherif N, Elbarbary M, Mansor D. Providing medical care in unfamiliar settings; experience of an Egyptian Campaign in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:111–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hasanin A, Sherif N, Elbarbary M, Mansor D. Providing medical care in unfamiliar settings; experience of an Egyptian Campaign in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:111–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandling-Bennett HA, Kedar I, Pallin DJ, Jacques G, Gumley GJ, Kvedar JC. Delivering health care in rural Cambodia via store-and-forward telemedicine: a pilot study. Telemed J E Health. 2005;11(1):56–62.CrossRefPubMed Brandling-Bennett HA, Kedar I, Pallin DJ, Jacques G, Gumley GJ, Kvedar JC. Delivering health care in rural Cambodia via store-and-forward telemedicine: a pilot study. Telemed J E Health. 2005;11(1):56–62.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrenkranz J, Fualal J, Ndizihiwe A, Clarke I, Alder S. Neonatal age and point of CareTSH testing in the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders: findings from Western Uganda. Thyroid. 2011;21(2):183–8.CrossRefPubMed Ehrenkranz J, Fualal J, Ndizihiwe A, Clarke I, Alder S. Neonatal age and point of CareTSH testing in the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders: findings from Western Uganda. Thyroid. 2011;21(2):183–8.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmerman MB. Methods to assess iodine status. Br J Nutr. 2008;99 suppl 3:3152–9. Zimmerman MB. Methods to assess iodine status. Br J Nutr. 2008;99 suppl 3:3152–9.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitorirng their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007. World Health Organization. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitorirng their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Abuye C, Kelbessa U, Wolde-Gebriel S. Health effects of cassava consumption in south Ethopia. East Afr Med J. 1998;75:166–70.PubMed Abuye C, Kelbessa U, Wolde-Gebriel S. Health effects of cassava consumption in south Ethopia. East Afr Med J. 1998;75:166–70.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandra AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Lahari D, Tripathy S. Goitrogenic content of indian cyanogenic plant foods and their in vitro anti-thyroidal activity. Indian J Med Res. 2004;119:18–185. Chandra AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Lahari D, Tripathy S. Goitrogenic content of indian cyanogenic plant foods and their in vitro anti-thyroidal activity. Indian J Med Res. 2004;119:18–185.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Gil J, Rodriguez J, Gil E, Balsalobre M, Hernandez Q, Gonzalez F, et al. Surgical treatment of endemic goiter in a nonhospital setting without general anesthesia in Africa. World J Surg. 2014;38:2212–6.CrossRefPubMed Gil J, Rodriguez J, Gil E, Balsalobre M, Hernandez Q, Gonzalez F, et al. Surgical treatment of endemic goiter in a nonhospital setting without general anesthesia in Africa. World J Surg. 2014;38:2212–6.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Htwe T. Thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid lesions: a review of hospital-based studies in Malaysia and Myanmar. Singapore Med J. 2012;53(3):159–63.PubMed Htwe T. Thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid lesions: a review of hospital-based studies in Malaysia and Myanmar. Singapore Med J. 2012;53(3):159–63.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhargav P, Mishra A, Agarwal G, Agarwal A, Pradhan P, Gambhir S, et al. Long-term outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: experience in a developing country. World J Surg. 2010;34:40–7.CrossRefPubMed Bhargav P, Mishra A, Agarwal G, Agarwal A, Pradhan P, Gambhir S, et al. Long-term outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: experience in a developing country. World J Surg. 2010;34:40–7.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Pradeep P, Agarwal A, Baxi M, Agarwal G, Gupta S, Mishra S. Safety and efficacy of surgical management of hyperthyroidism; 15-year experience from a tertiary care center in a developing country. World J Surg. 2007;31:306–12.CrossRefPubMed Pradeep P, Agarwal A, Baxi M, Agarwal G, Gupta S, Mishra S. Safety and efficacy of surgical management of hyperthyroidism; 15-year experience from a tertiary care center in a developing country. World J Surg. 2007;31:306–12.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi T, Simon S, Trott K, Fujimori K, Nakashima N, Arisawa K, et al. A progress report on the Marshall Islands nationwide thyroid study: an international cooperative effort. Tohuku J Exp Med. 1999;187:363–75.CrossRef Takahashi T, Simon S, Trott K, Fujimori K, Nakashima N, Arisawa K, et al. A progress report on the Marshall Islands nationwide thyroid study: an international cooperative effort. Tohuku J Exp Med. 1999;187:363–75.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Screening of newborns for congenital hypothyroidism: guidance for developing programmes. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 2005. Screening of newborns for congenital hypothyroidism: guidance for developing programmes. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 2005.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Nebesio T, KcKenna M, Nabhan Z, Eugster E. Newborn screening results in children with central hypothyroidism. J Pediatr. 2010;156:990–3.CrossRefPubMed Nebesio T, KcKenna M, Nabhan Z, Eugster E. Newborn screening results in children with central hypothyroidism. J Pediatr. 2010;156:990–3.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall E, Flores S, De Jesus V. Influence of hematocrit and total-spot volume on performance characteristics of dried blood spots for newborn screening. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2015;1:69–78.CrossRef Hall E, Flores S, De Jesus V. Influence of hematocrit and total-spot volume on performance characteristics of dried blood spots for newborn screening. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2015;1:69–78.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Halpern J, Boyages S, Maberly G, Collins J, Eastman C, Morris J. The neurology of endemic cretinism. Brain. 1991;114:825–41.CrossRefPubMed Halpern J, Boyages S, Maberly G, Collins J, Eastman C, Morris J. The neurology of endemic cretinism. Brain. 1991;114:825–41.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Padilla C, Therrel B. Newborn screening in the Asia Pacific region. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007;30:490–506.CrossRefPubMed Padilla C, Therrel B. Newborn screening in the Asia Pacific region. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007;30:490–506.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatara V, Sankar R, Unutzer J, Peabody J. A review of the case for neonatal thyrotropin screening in developing countries: the example of India. Thyroid. 2002;12(7):591–8.CrossRefPubMed Bhatara V, Sankar R, Unutzer J, Peabody J. A review of the case for neonatal thyrotropin screening in developing countries: the example of India. Thyroid. 2002;12(7):591–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Akbulut S, Sogutcu N, Arikanoglu Z, Bakir S, Ulku A, Yagmur Y. Thyroid tuberculosis in Southeastern Turkey: is this the resurgence of a stubborn disease? World J Surg. 2011;35:1847–52.CrossRefPubMed Akbulut S, Sogutcu N, Arikanoglu Z, Bakir S, Ulku A, Yagmur Y. Thyroid tuberculosis in Southeastern Turkey: is this the resurgence of a stubborn disease? World J Surg. 2011;35:1847–52.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Nmadu P. Infective thyroiditis in Northern Nigeria: a fifteen-year study. East Afr Med J. 1989;66:748–51.PubMed Nmadu P. Infective thyroiditis in Northern Nigeria: a fifteen-year study. East Afr Med J. 1989;66:748–51.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonypillai C, Wass J, Warrel D, Rajaratnam H. Hypopituitarism following envenoming by Russell’s Vipers (Daboia siamensis and D. russelii) resembling Sheehan’s syndrome: first case report from Sri Lanka, a review of the literature and recommendations for endocrine management. Q J Med. 2011;104:97–108.CrossRef Antonypillai C, Wass J, Warrel D, Rajaratnam H. Hypopituitarism following envenoming by Russell’s Vipers (Daboia siamensis and D. russelii) resembling Sheehan’s syndrome: first case report from Sri Lanka, a review of the literature and recommendations for endocrine management. Q J Med. 2011;104:97–108.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Mengistu M. Pattern of thyroid diseases in adult Ethiopians and experience in management. Ethiop Med J. 1993;31:25–36.PubMed Mengistu M. Pattern of thyroid diseases in adult Ethiopians and experience in management. Ethiop Med J. 1993;31:25–36.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Unnikrishnan A, Kalra S, Sahay R, Bantwal G, John M, Tewan N. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: an epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17:647–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Unnikrishnan A, Kalra S, Sahay R, Bantwal G, John M, Tewan N. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: an epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17:647–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaiswal N, Melse-Boonstra A, Thomas T, Basavaraj C, Sharma S, Srinivasan K, et al. High prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism despite adequate iodine status in Indian pregnant women in the first trimester. Thyroid. 2014;24(9):1419–29.CrossRefPubMed Jaiswal N, Melse-Boonstra A, Thomas T, Basavaraj C, Sharma S, Srinivasan K, et al. High prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism despite adequate iodine status in Indian pregnant women in the first trimester. Thyroid. 2014;24(9):1419–29.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Malinowski J, Denny J, Bielinski S, Basford M, Bradford Y, Peissig P, et al. Genetic Variants Associated with Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels in European Americans and African Americans from the eMERGE Network. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12), e111301.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Malinowski J, Denny J, Bielinski S, Basford M, Bradford Y, Peissig P, et al. Genetic Variants Associated with Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels in European Americans and African Americans from the eMERGE Network. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12), e111301.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Drees J, Stone J, Reamer C, Arboleda V, Huang K, Hrynkow J, et al. Falsely undetectable TSH in a cohort of South Asian Euthyroid patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1171–9.CrossRefPubMed Drees J, Stone J, Reamer C, Arboleda V, Huang K, Hrynkow J, et al. Falsely undetectable TSH in a cohort of South Asian Euthyroid patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1171–9.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Access, availability, and infrastructure deficiency: The current management of thyroid disease in the developing world
verfasst von
Jane Fualal
Joel Ehrenkranz
Publikationsdatum
26.08.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-016-9376-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.