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Erschienen in: Der Internist 1/2015

01.01.2015 | Arzneimitteltherapie

Acetylsalicylsäure und venöse Thrombosen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. K. Schrör

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 1/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die medikamentöse Prophylaxe der venösen Thromboembolie (VTE) erfolgt bisher ausschließlich mit klassischen (niedermolekularen) Heparinen, Kumarinen oder den neueren direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOACs). Der Stellenwert einer Antiplättchentherapie mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) war und ist strittig. Neuere Daten sprechen für einen Paradigmenwechsel mit einer Neubewertung von ASS im Rahmen eines kombinierten Therapieansatzes.

Ziel

Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine aktuelle Übersicht zur Bedeutung einer Antiplättchentherapie mit ASS bei der Primär- und Sekundärprävention von VTE.

Datenlage und Ergebnisse

Die Primärprävention von VTE mit Antikoagulanzien nach operativen Eingriffen ist effektiv, aber hinsichtlich des Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnisses nach der Mehrzahl der vorliegenden Studien einer multimodalen VTE-Prophylaxe einschließlich pneumatischer Kompression, (frühzeitiger) Mobilisierung und ASS nicht überlegen. ASS ist seit Kurzem auch Bestandteil aktueller Therapieempfehlungen zur Prävention einer VTE in den USA (ACCP, AAOS), nicht aber in Großbritannien (NICE) und Deutschland (AMWF). Eine abschließende vergleichende Bewertung von ASS im Vergleich zu klassischen Antikoagulanzien und DOACs in der Primärprophylaxe erfordert aufgrund der heterogenen Studiendesigns weitere prospektiv randomisierte Studien. Hierzu gehört auch die Bewertung des iatrogenen Blutungsrisikos sowie möglicher postoperativer Komplikationen wie Wundheilungsstörungen mit verlängertem stationären Aufenthalt. In der Sekundärprävention idiopathischer VTE senkt ASS nach neuen Auswertungen der Studien ASPIRE und WARFASA (INSPIRE-Standardisierung) bei (leitliniengerechter) Beendigung einer mehrwöchigen Antikoagulanzienbehandlung das Risiko rekurrenter VTE um etwa 40 % bei einem unveränderten Risiko für schwere Blutungen. Dies eröffnet zusätzlich zur arteriellen Thromboseprävention eine neue und interessante Option für eine prolongierte Rezidivprophylaxe venöser Thrombosen mit ASS.

Schlussfolgerung

Auf Basis neuer Studiendaten könnte sich für ASS in Kombination mit anderen Präventivmaßnahmen eine Indikation für die Primär- und Sekundärprävention venöser Thrombosen ergeben.
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Metadaten
Titel
Acetylsalicylsäure und venöse Thrombosen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. K. Schrör
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3622-7

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