Background
Methods
ICECAP-A translation and cross-cultural adaptation
An online survey
Characteristics | Variables | Type | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomics | |||
Age | Age | continuous variable | Respondents age |
Gender | Female | dummy variable | Female is 1, male is 0 |
Education | High school degree or below | dummy variable | High school degree or below is 1, the other is 0 |
College degree | dummy variable | College degree is 1, the other is 0 | |
Bachelor degree or above | dummy variable | Bachelor degree or above is 1, the other is 0 | |
Marital status | Unmarried | dummy variable | Unmarried is 1, the other is 0 |
Married and cohabiting | dummy variable | Married and cohabiting is 1, the other is 0 | |
Other marital status | dummy variable | Other marital state is 1, the other is 0 | |
Job | Business services | dummy variable | Business services is 1, the other is 0 |
Administration | dummy variable | Administration is 1, the other is 0 | |
Service personnel | dummy variable | Service personnel is 1, the other is 0 | |
Technical personnel | dummy variable | Technical personnel is 1, the other is 0 | |
Other job | dummy variable | Other job is 1, the other is 0 | |
Household registration | Rural | dummy variable | Rural is 1, non-rural is 0 |
Health insurance | Full Insurance | dummy variable | Full Insurance is 1, the other is 0 |
Urban Workers’ Basic Medical Insurance | dummy variable | Urban Workers’ Basic Medical Insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance | dummy variable | Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance | dummy variable | New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
Commercial Medical Insurance | dummy variable | Commercial Medical Insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
Other insurance | dummy variable | Other insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
No insurance | dummy variable | No insurance is 1, the other is 0 | |
Incomes adults | Incomes adults | continuous variable | The number of adults who have incomes |
Monthly income per capita | <¥1000 | dummy variable | The monthly income less than ¥1000 is 1, the other is 0 |
¥1000 to ¥2000 | dummy variable | The monthly income between ¥1000 and ¥2000 is 1, the other is 0 | |
¥2000 to ¥3000 | dummy variable | The monthly income between ¥2000 and ¥3000 is 1, the other is 0 | |
¥4000 to ¥5000 | dummy variable | The monthly income between ¥4000 and ¥5000 is 1, the other is 0 | |
More than ¥5000 | dummy variable | The monthly income more than 5000 yuan is 1, the other is 0 | |
Unknown monthly income | dummy variable | The unknown monthly income is 1, the other is 0 | |
Income source | Salary | dummy variable | Salary of income source is 1, the other is 0 |
Agriculture production or business | dummy variable | Agriculture production or business of income source is 1, the other is 0 | |
Other income source | dummy variable | Other income source is 1, the other is 0 | |
Number of houses | Number of houses | continuous variable | The number of houses |
Quality of Life | |||
ICECAP-A | ICECAP-A score | continuous variable | The score of ICECAP, and the value range is 0 to 1 |
EQ-5D-3 L | EQ-5D-3 L score | continuous variable | The score of EQ-5D, and the value range is −0.147 to 1 |
EQ-VAS | EQ-VAS | continuous variable | The score of EQ-VAS, and the value range is 0 to 100 |
Psychometric tests
Results
Online-survey description
Characteristics | Category | Frequency | Percentage(%) |
---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomics | |||
Age | 18 ~ 29 | 352 | 36.1 |
[Mean: 33.66, SD: 8.6483] | 30 ~ 44 | 509 | 52.2 |
45 ~ 64 | 100 | 10.3 | |
> 64 | 14 | 1.4 | |
Gender | Female | 513 | 52.6 |
Male | 462 | 47.4 | |
Education | High school degree or below | 77 | 7.9 |
College degree | 223 | 22.9 | |
Bachelor degree or above | 675 | 69.2 | |
Marital status | Unmarried | 205 | 21.0 |
Married and cohabiting | 734 | 75.3 | |
Other marital status | 36 | 3.7 | |
Job | Other job | 177 | 18.2 |
Business services | 73 | 7.5 | |
Administration | 270 | 27.7 | |
Service personnel | 154 | 15.8 | |
Technical personnel | 301 | 30.9 | |
Household registration | Non rural | 811 | 83.2 |
Rural | 164 | 16.8 | |
Health insurance | No insurance | 33 | 3.4 |
Full Insurance | 190 | 19.5 | |
Urban Workers’ Basic Medical Insurance | 676 | 69.3 | |
Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance | 267 | 27.4 | |
New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance | 107 | 11.0 | |
Commercial Medical Insurance | 214 | 21.9 | |
Other insurance | 8 | 0.8 | |
Incomes adults [Mean: 2.4308, SD: 0.8037] | |||
Monthly income per capita | <¥1000 | 6 | 0.6 |
¥1000 ~ ¥2000 | 41 | 4.2 | |
¥2000 ~ ¥3000 | 194 | 19.9 | |
¥4000~¥5000 | 627 | 64.3 | |
≥¥5000 | 101 | 10.4 | |
Unknown monthly income | 6 | 0.6 | |
Income source | Salary | 928 | 95.2 |
Agriculture production or business | 156 | 16.0 | |
Other income source | 160 | 16.4 | |
Number of houses | 1~ 5 | 782 | 80.2 |
[Mean: 4.3538, SD: 5.0288] | 6~ 10 | 180 | 18.5 |
11~ 20 | 11 | 1.1 | |
≥21 | 2 | 0.2 | |
Quality of Life | |||
ICECAP-A | < 0.5 | 13 | 1.3 |
[Mean: 0.8481, SD: 0.1152] | 0.5~ 0.75 | 124 | 12.7 |
0.75~ 1 | 838 | 85.9 | |
EQ-5D-3La | < 0.5 | 7 | 0.7 |
[Mean: 0.8920, SD: 0.1151] | 0.5~ 0.75 | 83 | 8.5 |
0.75~ 1 | 885 | 90.8 | |
EQ-VAS [Mean: 77.57, SD: 17.576] |
Attribute | Percentage(%) |
---|---|
ICECAP-A | |
Sense of stability and security | |
I have the sense of stability and security in all aspects of my life. | 28.51 |
I have the sense of stability and security in most aspects of my life. | 62.36 |
I have the sense of stability and security in a few aspects of my life. | 8.51 |
I do not have the sense of stability and security in any aspect of my life. | 0.62 |
Love, kindness and support | |
I can get a great amount of love, kindness and support. | 28.92 |
I can get much love, kindness and support. | 62.87 |
I can get a little love, kindness and support. | 8.10 |
I can not get any love, kindness and support. | 0.10 |
Independence | |
I am able to be fully independent. | 40.62 |
I am able to be independent in many aspects. | 50.67 |
I am able to be independent in some aspects. | 8.31 |
I am unable to be independent at all. | 0.41 |
Achievement and progress | |
I can make achievement and progress in all aspects of my life. | 20.82 |
I can make achievement and progress in many aspects of my life. | 53.44 |
I can make achievement and progress in some aspects of my life. | 24.82 |
I can not make achievement and progress in any aspect of my life. | 0.92 |
Enjoyment and pleasure | |
I enjoy my own life very much and can get plenty of joy from it. | 31.90 |
I enjoy my own life and can get some joy from it. | 61.23 |
I barely enjoy my own life and can only get a little joy from it. | 6.46 |
I do not enjoy my life at all and can not get any joy from it | 0.41 |
EQ-5D-3 L | |
Mobility | |
No problems | 93.23 |
Moderate problems | 6.67 |
Severe problems | 0.10 |
Self-care | |
No problems | 94.26 |
Moderate problems | 5.33 |
Severe problems | 0.41 |
Usual activities | |
No problems | 92.82 |
Moderate problems | 6.67 |
Severe problems | 0.51 |
Pain/Discomfort | |
No problems | 77.54 |
Moderate problems | 21.85 |
Severe problems | 0.62 |
Anxiety/Depression | |
No problems | 68.72 |
Moderate problems | 30.56 |
Severe problems | 0.72 |
Psychometric tests
“The following are questions related to your quality of life in general. Please take your own capabilities and external environment into consideration while answering each question. For example, a question like “sense of stability and security” is related to your health condition, working condition, family economic condition and social relationships. It may also require your judgment regarding whether or not it is in a harmonious and stable state”.
Stability | Attachment | Autonomy | Achievement | Enjoyment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stability | 1.0000 | – | – | – | – |
Attachment | 0.5589 | 1.0000 | – | – | – |
Autonomy | 0.3417 | 0.3790 | 1.0000 | – | – |
Achievement | 0.5246 | 0.4903 | 0.3883 | 1.0000 | – |
Enjoyment | 0.4519 | 0.5028 | 0.3684 | 0.4780 | 1.0000 |
Cronbach’s Alpha | 0.7999 |
Mobility | Self-care | Usual activities | Pain/discomfort | Anxiety/depressed | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility | 1.0000 | – | – | – | – |
Self-care | 0.5886 | 1.0000 | – | – | – |
Usual activities | 0.5298 | 0.5938 | 1.0000 | – | – |
Pain/discomfort | 0.3897 | 0.3406 | 0.3856 | 1.0000 | – |
Anxiety/depressed | 0.2615 | 0.2305 | 0.2391 | 0.4448 | 1.0000 |
Cronbach’s Alpha | 0.7245 |
Variable | KMO |
---|---|
ICECAP-A | |
Stability | 0.85 |
Attachment | 0.85 |
Autonomy | 0.91 |
Achievement | 0.85 |
Enjoyment | 0.88 |
EQ-5D-3 L | |
Mobility | 0.82 |
Self-care | 0.78 |
Usual activities | 0.81 |
Pain/ discomfort | 0.86 |
Anxiety/ depressed | 0.86 |
Overall | 0.84 |
Rotated promax | ||
---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |
ICECAP-A | ||
Stability |
0.73
| −0.04 |
Attachment |
0.74
| −0.07 |
Autonomy |
0.46
| 0.16 |
Achievement |
0.72
| −0.10 |
Enjoyment |
0.67
| − 0.01 |
EQ-5D-3 L | ||
Mobility | −0.05 |
0.74
|
Self-care | −0.09 |
0.77
|
Usual activities | −0.07 |
0.74
|
Pain/ discomfort | 0.21 |
0.46
|
Anxiety/ depressed |
0.38
| 0.25 |
Factor correlation(s) | 0.4 |
EQ-5D-3 L | EQ- 5DL score | EQ- VAS | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility | Self-care | Usual activities | Pain/discomfort | Anxiety/depressed | ||||
ICECAP-A | Stability | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.39a | 0.35a |
Attachment | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.34a | 0.37a | |
Autonomy | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.38a | 0.32a | |
Achievement | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.27a | 0.28a | |
Enjoyment | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.38a | 0.37a | |
ICECAP-A score | 0.38a | 0.38a | 0.36a | 0.41a | 0.48a | 0.45 | 0.42 |
Variables | ICECAP-A score | EQ-5D-3 L score | Stability | Attachment | Autonomy | Achievement | Enjoyment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | − 0.0008 | − 0.0008 | − 0.0049a | − 0.0045a | 0.0011 | −0.0041 | − 0.0041 |
Gender (referent = male) | |||||||
Female | −0.0166b | 0.0108 | −0.1216c | − 0.0239 | − 0.0921b | − 0.0777a | − 0.0402 |
Education (referent = high school degree or below) | |||||||
College degree | 0.0033 | −0.0144 | −0.0453 | − 0.0807 | −0.024 | 0.0303 | 0.0824 |
Bachelor degree or above | 0.0181 | −0.0085 | −0.0278 | − 0.0622 | 0.0544 | 0.0786 | 0.1013 |
Marital status (referent = unmarried) | |||||||
Married and cohabiting | 0.0318c | − 0.0089 | 0.1087a | 0.1662c | 0.1125a | 0.1645b | 0.1406b |
Other marital status | −0.0529b | − 0.1424c | − 0.2647b | − 0.2125a | − 0.1453 | −0.1409 | − 0.2221b |
Job (referent = other job) | |||||||
Business services | −0.0078 | 0.0126 | −0.0783 | 0.0626 | −0.0966 | −0.0038 | − 0.0307 |
Administration | 0.0153 | 0.0230a | 0.0632 | 0.1055a | 0.0989 | 0.0707 | 0.0584 |
Service personnel | −0.0043 | 0.0123 | 0.019 | −0.0227 | 0.0038 | 0.0624 | −0.0031 |
Technical personnel | 0.0005 | 0.0074 | −0.0318 | 0.0176 | 0.0491 | 0.0326 | −0.0045 |
Household registration (referent = non rural) | |||||||
Rural | 0.0228b | 0.0153 | 0.0617 | 0.0498 | 0.1315b | 0.0708 | 0.0367 |
Health insurance (referent = Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance) | |||||||
Full Insurance | −0.0095 | 0.0132 | −0.0219 | 0.093 | 0.0464 | −0.0147 | 0.1102 |
Urban Workers’ Basic Medical Insurance | 0.0231b | − 0.0015 | 0.2025c | 0.0712 | 0.1147b | 0.1171b | 0.0669 |
New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance | −0.013 | − 0.0231a | 0.0149 | −0.0134 | − 0.1616b | − 0.0804 | −0.102 |
Commercial Medical Insurance | 0.013 | 0.0175b | − 0.016 | 0.0677 | 0.0344 | 0.0368 | 0.1252c |
Other insurance | − 0.0891b | − 0.0718a | − 0.2407 | −0.2066 | − 0.0645 | −0.4551a | − 0.5918c |
No insurance | 0.0089 | 0.0074 | 0.0467 | 0.0067 | 0.0576 | −0.0044 | 0.033 |
Incomes adults | 0.0047 | −0.0093b | 0.0114 | 0.0401a | − 0.033 | 0.0304 | 0.0391 |
Monthly income per capita (referent = <¥1000) | |||||||
¥1000 to ¥2000 | 0.0372 | 0.0765 | −0.277 | 0.2509 | 0.3707 | 0.6163b | − 0.0172 |
¥2000 to ¥3000 | −0.0052 | 0.0565 | −0.3477 | 0.1715 | 0.1975 | 0.409 | −0.2608 |
¥4000 to ¥5000 | 0.0172 | 0.0702 | −0.3049 | 0.2195 | 0.2437 | 0.5321a | − 0.2066 |
More than ¥5000 | 0.016 | 0.0648 | −0.2644 | 0.2102 | 0.2656 | 0.6903b | − 0.1849 |
Unknown monthly income | −0.0063 | 0.1478b | − 0.5625 | 0.2454 | −0.0965 | 0.9049b | − 0.2777 |
Income source (referent = salary) | |||||||
Agriculture production or business | 0.0079 | −0.0544c | 0.0225 | 0.0478 | − 0.067 | 0.1309b | 0.0347 |
Other income source | −0.0053 | 0.0102 | −0.0258 | − 0.0464 | 0.0277 | 0.0029 | 0.0607 |
Number of houses | 0.001 | 0.0014b | 0.0053 | 0.0032 | 0.0029 | 0.0041 | 0.0044 |