Background
Methods
Type of facilities | Ghana (n = 8) | Tanzania (n = 8) |
---|---|---|
District Hospital | 1 | 0 |
Health Centre /Clinic | 6 | 2 |
Health Post (Community-based Health Planning Services - Ghana) | 1 | Not Applicable |
Dispensary (Tanzania) | Not Applicable | 6 |
Dimensions of the measure
Item adaptation and development
Domains | Number of Items |
---|---|
Knowledge and awareness of rights c | 8b |
Women’s participation in household decision- makinga | 10b |
Self-efficacy with health care providers c | 13b |
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetingsa | 6 b |
Perception of service quality a | 6b |
Political capabilitiesc | 5b |
Collective efficacy a | 4b |
Community support in time of crisis a | 4b |
Mutual responsibility for and support of servicesa | 5b |
Participation in negotiated spaces a | 4 |
Joint monitoring and accountability of services a | 2 |
Transparency a | 3 |
Equity of negotiated spaces a | 3 |
Quality of negotiated spaces a | 3 |
Domain | Likert Range | No. | Item |
---|---|---|---|
Knowledge and awareness of rights | 1–5 | 38 | A healthcare provider can refuse to provide me family planning services because of who I am. |
39 | The government ensures that family planning services are free of cost (Tanzania) or The government ensures that family planning methods are free of cost (Ghana) | ||
40 | I have the right to privacy during my family planning visit.a | ||
41 | The healthcare provider should not share my information with other people. | ||
42 | If I am unhappy with the care I received, I know there are ways to make a complaint.a | ||
43 | Healthcare providers must answer all my health-related questions.a | ||
44 | Healthcare providers should inform me about the different family planning optionsa | ||
45 | I can refuse any family planning method offered if I do not want to use it.a | ||
Women’s participation in household decision- making | 1–6 | 46 | First, would you tell me which member of your household usually makes decisions about your health care? a |
47 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making large household purchases? a | ||
48 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making household purchases for daily needs?a | ||
49 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when you will visit family/relatives/friends?a | ||
50 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when your whole household will visit family/relatives/friends?a | ||
51 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money that you bring into the household?a | ||
52 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money your husband/partner brings into the household?a | ||
53 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about whether you or you and your husband/partner use family planning?a | ||
54 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about where you will receive family planning?a | ||
55 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about if you will be tested for the AIDS virus? a | ||
56 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how many children you will have? a | ||
Self-efficacy with health care providers A | 1–2 | 57 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you know what your reproductive and family planning options are? a |
58 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you feel that you can act on your choice for family planning? a | ||
59 | Do you know what help you need to make a decision? a | ||
Self-efficacy with health care providers B | 1–5 | 65 | I felt like I could discuss my problems, question and concerns with the health care provider without feeling embarrassed. |
66 | One of the providers or staff refused to offer me the service I wanted to receive. (reverse-coded)a | ||
67 | The provider ignored my request or my preferences today.a | ||
68 | I felt like the provider did not listen to what I was saying (reverse-coded)a | ||
69 | A provider strongly encouraged me to use one family planning that was different to the one I wanted (reverse-coded)a | ||
70 | I have the right to choose my family planning method. | ||
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetings | 1–5 | 71 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family did not support you to participate?a |
72 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family said you could not go? a | ||
73 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family would not help with your household duties so that you could attend? a | ||
74 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting? a | ||
75 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if a few people did not agree with what you were saying? a | ||
76 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if many people did not agree with what you were saying? a | ||
Perception of service quality | 1–5 | 77 | The staff at this health facility have high quality family planning services a |
78 | The staff at this health facility ensures privacy and confidentiality when providing services. a | ||
79 | The health facility is clean. a | ||
80 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring their husband/partner for the family planning consultation. a | ||
81 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring a family member or friend for the family planning consultation. a | ||
82 | Unmarried women can access family planning and reproductive health service at the health facility. | ||
Political capabilities | 1–5 | 83 | Today, if I went to the clinic, I believe I could get family planning I wanted without facing any barriers of cost, age and marital status. |
84 | Anyone outside of the clinic, like friends or community members, can help you access your right to quality family planning services. | ||
85 | Health providers and district government officials can directly influence the quality of your local family planning services? a | ||
86 | Challenging people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. a | ||
87 | Collaboration with people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. a | ||
Collective efficacy | 1–5 | 88 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve family planning services in this community? a |
89 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve how women are treated at the health facility? a | ||
90 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to obtain government services and entitlements? a | ||
91 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve the health and well- being of women in this community? a | ||
Community support in time of crisis | 1–5 | 92 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who you could go to for advice? a |
93 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who could take you to the clinic? a | ||
94 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would help care for your children or household while you are away? a | ||
95 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would loan you money for transport? a | ||
Mutual responsibility for and support of services | 1–5 | 99 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women are treated with respect by health workers? a |
100 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women have transportation to the hospital for permanent methods of contraception? a | ||
101 | Who could have the most impact on increasing the number of days a health worker visits your community? a | ||
102 | Who could have the most impact on making sure the poorest and most vulnerable women in the community receive care? a | ||
103 | Who could have the most impact on getting funding to improve health services in this community? a |
Survey administration
Psychometric analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics
Ghana n (%) | Tanzania n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | ||
Mean (SD) [Min, Max] | 28.4 (7.1) [15, 49] | 27.8 (6.3) [16., 47] |
Median (IR) | 27 (23, 33) | 27 (23, 32) |
≤ 20 | 94 (12.5) | 83 (11.1) |
20–39 | 636 (70.1) | 567 (75.6) |
> 39 | 130 (17.4) | 100 (13.3) |
Marital status | ||
Currently married | 476 (63.5) | 636 (84.8) |
Never married | 225 (30.0) | 77 (10.3) |
Other (Cohabitation, Fiance, no husband, separated, divorced) | 49 (6.5) | 37 (4.9) |
Methods currently using (among those using) | ||
Female sterilization | 7 (1.1%) | 11 (1.5%) |
Male sterilization | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) |
IUD | 8 (1.3) | 40 (5.5) |
Injectables | 456 (71.7) | 391 (53.7) |
Implants | 128 (20.1) | 217 (29.8) |
Pill | 32 (5.0) | 122 (16.8) |
Male condom | 17 (2.7) | 53 (7.3) |
Female condom | 5 (0.8) | 9 (1.2) |
Emergency contraception | 11 (1.7) | 1 (0.1) |
Standard days method | 7 (1.1) | 24 (3.3) |
Lactational amenorrhea method | 6 (0.9) | 27 (3.7) |
Other (Rhythm method/ withdrawal) | 22 (3.4) | 73 (10.1) |
Highest level of school completed | ||
No formal schooling | 131 (17.5) | 29 (3.9) |
Some primary school | 243 (32.4) | 48 (6.4) |
Completed primary school | 194 (25.9) | 423 (56.4) |
Some secondary school (some and completed) | 109 (14.5) | 222 (29.6) |
Any tertiary education | 73 (9.7) | 28 (3.7) |
Reading level | ||
Cannot read at all | 303 (40.4) | 34 (4.5) |
Able to read only part of the sentence | 187 (24.9) | 105 (14.0) |
Able to read whole sentence | 259 (34.5) | 611 (81.5) |
Analysis
Tanzania
Qn # | Scale mean if item deleted | Scale Standard Deviation | Variance | Item total Correlation with Total | Alpha if item deleted |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge and Awareness of Rights | |||||
38* | 2.71 | 1.42 | 2.01 | −0.17 | 0.83 |
39 | 1.46 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.72 |
40 | 1.61 | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.71 |
41 | 1.63 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.72 |
42 | 2.24 | 1.26 | 1.58 | 0.47 | 0.73 |
43 | 1.64 | 0.60 | 0.36 | 0.62 | 0.70 |
44 | 1.62 | 0.59 | 0.34 | 0.67 | 0.69 |
45 | 1.78 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 0.49 | 0.73 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.83 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 7 | ||
Women’s participation in household decision-making (all items) | |||||
46† | 1.60 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0.88 |
47† | 1.41 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.88 |
48† | 1.69 | 0.46 | 0.21 | 0.56 | 0.88 |
49† | 1.64 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 0.87 |
50† | 1.62 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.65 | 0.87 |
51† | 1.72 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.87 |
52† | 1.63 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.51 | 0.88 |
53† | 1.81 | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.68 | 0.87 |
54† | 1.84 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.69 | 0.87 |
55† | 1.82 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.62 | 0.87 |
56† | 1.76 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.56 | 0.88 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.83 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 10 | ||
Self efficacy with health care providers (Qn 57, 58 & 59) | |||||
57** | 0.94 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
58** | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.31 |
59** | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.68 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.59 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 2 | ||
Self efficacy with health care providers (all items) | |||||
65 | 2.67 | 1.38 | 1.89 | −0.16 | 0.74 |
66* | 1.95 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.46 |
67* | 1.82 | 0.81 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.45 |
68* | 1.89 | 0.86 | 0.74 | 0.53 | 0.47 |
69* | 2.03 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 0.48 | 0.50 |
70 | 1.55 | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.18 | 0.62 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.81 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 3 | ||
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetings (all items) (Qn 71–73) | |||||
71 | 1.88 | 1.27 | 1.61 | 0.73 | 0.75 |
72 | 2.05 | 1.31 | 1.72 | 0.80 | 0.69 |
73 | 2.06 | 1.26 | 1.59 | 0.60 | 0.88 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.88 | N of cases 752 | N of items:2 | ||
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetings (all items) | |||||
74 | 2.02 | 1.30 | 1.69 | 0.65 | 0.93 |
75 | 2.49 | 1.42 | 2.02 | 0.85 | 0.76 |
76 | 2.63 | 1.49 | 2.22 | 0.81 | 0.78 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.88 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 2 | ||
Perception of service quality (all items) | |||||
77 | 1.62 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.64 |
78 | 1.59 | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.59 | 0.64 |
79 | 1.70 | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.66 |
80 | 1.70 | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.67 |
81 | 2.26 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.35 | 0.71 |
82 | 2.18 | 1.11 | 1.23 | 0.21 | 0.75 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.75 | N of cases 752 | N of items: 5 | ||
Political Capabilities | |||||
83 | 1.99 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 0.06 | 0.79 |
84 | 2.60 | 1.25 | 1.57 | 0.44 | 0.65 |
85 | 1.93 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.52 | 0.61 |
86 | 2.10 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 0.66 | 0.55 |
87 | 2.09 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 0.65 | 0.55 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.81 | N of cases 752 | N of items:4 | ||
Collective efficacy (all items) | |||||
88 | 1.91 | 1.23 | 1.51 | 0.67 | 0.85 |
89 | 1.91 | 1.13 | 1.28 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
90 | 1.80 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 0.71 | 0.83 |
91 | 1.86 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 0.70 | 0.84 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.87 | N of cases 0751 | N of items:4 | ||
Community support in time of crisis (all items) | |||||
92 | 1.72 | 1.27 | 1.61 | 0.39 | 0.57 |
93 | 1.70 | 1.13 | 1.28 | 0.49 | 0.50 |
94 | 1.90 | 1.28 | 1.64 | 0.39 | 0.57 |
95 | 2.11 | 1.38 | 1.90 | 0.37 | 0.59 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.63 | N of cases 752 | N of items:3 | ||
Mutual responsibility for and support of services (all items) | |||||
99¥ | 1.69 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.51 |
100¥ | 1.39 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.52 |
101¥ | 1.36 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.45 |
102¥ | 1.51 | 0.53 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.48 |
103¥ | 1.27 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.59 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.60 | N of cases 752 | N of items:4 |
Factor | Eigenvalue |
---|---|
1 | 23.23 |
2 | 20.77 |
3 | 15.40 |
4 | 8.16 |
5 | 6.97 |
6 | 4.35 |
7 | 3.96 |
8 | 2.99 |
9 | 2.38 |
10 | 1.87 |
11 | 1.69 |
XSU QN # | FACTOR 1 | FACTOR 2 | FACTOR 3 | FACTOR 4 | FACTOR 5 | FACTOR 6 | FACTOR 7 | FACTOR 8 | FACTOR 9 | FACTOR 10 | FACTOR 11 | FACTOR 12 | Communality prop of variance in the item attributatble to common factors) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XSU038 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.26 |
XSU039 | . | 52 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.40 |
XSU040 | . | 60 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.50 |
XSU041 | . | 65 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU042 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.33 |
XSU043 | . | 71 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.59 |
XSU044 | . | 76 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.64 |
XSU045 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.52 |
XSU046 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.29 |
XSU047 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.27 |
XSU048 | 40 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU051 | 45 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.48 |
XSU052 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.29 |
XSU053 | 74 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.62 |
XSU054 | 76 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.69 |
XSU055 | 72 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.64 |
XSU056 | 60 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.42 |
XSU049 | . | . | . | . | 97 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.89 |
XSU050 | . | . | . | . | 94 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.85 |
XSU057 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 65 | 0.43 |
XSU058 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 80 | 0.63 |
XSU059 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.21 |
XSU065 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.19 |
XSU066 | . | . | . | 81 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.65 |
XSU067 | . | . | . | 77 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.66 |
XSU068 | . | . | . | 70 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.54 |
XSU069 | . | . | . | 59 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.41 |
XSU070 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.26 |
XSU071 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 82 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.69 |
XSU072 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 97 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.92 |
XSU073 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 53 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.45 |
XSU074 | . | . | . | . | . | 61 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.49 |
XSU075 | . | . | . | . | . | 92 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.90 |
XSU076 | . | . | . | . | . | 87 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.84 |
XSU077 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 67 | . | . | . | 0.62 |
XSU078 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 59 | . | . | . | 0.59 |
XSU079 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU080 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 47 | . | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU081 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.24 |
XSU082 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.10 |
XSU083 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.16 |
XSU084 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU085 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 45 | . | . | . | . | 0.42 |
XSU086 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 84 | . | . | . | . | 0.75 |
XSU087 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 80 | . | . | . | . | 0.72 |
XSU088 | . | . | 79 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.58 |
XSU089 | . | . | 91 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.78 |
XSU090 | . | . | 76 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.57 |
XSU091 | . | . | 73 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.57 |
XSU092 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 52 | . | . | 0.31 |
XSU093 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 70 | . | . | 0.51 |
XSU094 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 49 | . | . | 0.32 |
XSU095 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.25 |
XSU099 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.30 |
XSU100 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 59 | . | 0.42 |
XSU101 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 60 | . | 0.39 |
XSU102 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 40 | . | 0.27 |
XSU103 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.07 |
Ghana
Qn # | Scale mean if item deleted | Scale Standard Deviation | Variance | Item total Correlation with Total | Alpha if item deleted |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge and Awareness of Rights | |||||
38* | 2.78 | 1.50 | 2.24 | 0.19 | 0.69 |
39 | 2.23 | 1.19 | 1.42 | 0.13 | 0.70 |
40 | 1.45 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.51 | 0.61 |
41 | 1.64 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.23 | 0.68 |
42 | 2.00 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.37 | 0.64 |
43 | 1.63 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.60 |
44 | 1.55 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.54 | 0.60 |
45 | 1.55 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.62 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.74 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 5 | ||
Women’s participation in household decision-making (all items) | |||||
46† | 1.78 | 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
47† | 1.75 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
48† | 1.82 | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
49† | 1.81 | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
50† | 1.78 | 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
51† | 1.82 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.69 | 0.90 |
52† | 1.78 | 0.42 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
53† | 1.87 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
54† | 1.88 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
55† | 1.88 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
56† | 1.88 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.91 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 10 | ||
Self efficacy with health care providers (Qn 57, 58 & 59) | |||||
57** | 0.89 | 0.31 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.65 |
58** | 0.96 | 1.20 | 1.44 | 0.64 | 0.46 |
59** | 0.93 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.72 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.71 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 2 | ||
Self efficacy with health care providers (all items) | |||||
65 | 1.82 | 0.98 | 0.96 | −0.05 | 0.73 |
66* | 2.13 | 1.14 | 1.29 | 0.48 | 0.54 |
67* | 1.94 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.47 |
68* | 1.95 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
69* | 2.05 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.49 | 0.54 |
70 | 1.49 | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.16 | 0.66 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.80 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 4 | ||
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetings (all items)(Qn 71–73) | |||||
71 | 2.44 | 1.65 | 2.72 | 0.73 | 0.85 |
72 | 2.60 | 1.63 | 2.66 | 0.80 | 0.83 |
73 | 2.60 | 1.62 | 2.62 | 0.60 | 0.91 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.90 | N of cases 750 | N of items:2 | ||
Self-efficacy for participation at community meetings (all items) | |||||
74 | 1.67 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 0.52 | 0.86 |
75 | 2.07 | 1.33 | 1.77 | 0.76 | 0.61 |
76 | 2.35 | 1.45 | 2.10 | 0.69 | 0.70 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.81 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 2 | ||
Perception of service quality (all items) | |||||
77 | 1.51 | 0.56 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.55 |
78 | 1.55 | 0.56 | 0.31 | 0.53 | 0.51 |
79 | 1.57 | 0.60 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.54 |
80 | 1.74 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 0.35 | 0.58 |
81 | 1.89 | 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.31 | 0.59 |
82 | 2.06 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 0.09 | 0.68 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.68 | N of cases 750 | N of items: 5 | ||
Political capabilities | |||||
83 | 1.76 | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.14 | 0.53 |
84 | 2.33 | 1.17 | 1.37 | 0.11 | 0.56 |
85 | 2.02 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.38 | 0.39 |
86 | 2.79 | 1.24 | 1.54 | 0.40 | 0.39 |
87 | 2.40 | 1.20 | 1.44 | 0.44 | 0.35 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.64 | N of cases 750 | N of items:3 | ||
Collective efficacy (all items) | |||||
88 | 1.47 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.74 |
89 | 1.46 | 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.69 |
90 | 1.49 | 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.52 | 0.77 |
91 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.73 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.79 | N of cases 750 | N of items:4 | ||
Community support in time of crisis (all items) | |||||
92 | 1.25 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.62 |
93 | 1.28 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.57 |
94 | 1.57 | 1.11 | 1.23 | 0.48 | 0.58 |
95 | 1.87 | 1.35 | 1.82 | 0.40 | 0.63 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.67 | N of cases 750 | N of items:3 | ||
Mutual responsibility for and support of services (all items) | |||||
99¥ | 1.69 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 0.58 | 0.83 |
100¥ | 1.35 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.83 |
101¥ | 1.54 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 0.71 | 0.79 |
102¥ | 1.54 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.78 |
103¥ | 1.41 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.64 | 0.81 |
Reliability Coeffcients | Alpha = 0.84 | N of cases 750 | N of items:4 |
Factor | Eigenvalue |
---|---|
1 | 18.47 |
2 | 13.98 |
3 | 11.17 |
4 | 7.68 |
5 | 6.27 |
6 | 5.43 |
7 | 4.18 |
8 | 3.78 |
9 | 2.60 |
10 | 2.32 |
11 | 1.99 |
12 | 1.45 |
13 | 1.31 |
XSU QN # | FACTOR 1 | FACTOR 2 | FACTOR 3 | FACTOR 4 | FACTOR 5 | FACTOR 6 | FACTOR 7 | FACTOR 8 | FACTOR 9 | FACTOR 10 | FACTOR 11 | FACTOR 12 | FACTOR 13 | Communality (prop of variance in the item attributatble to common factors) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XSU038 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.36 |
XSU039 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.25 |
XSU040 | . | . | . | . | . | 41 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.33 |
XSU041 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.11 |
XSU042 | . | . | . | . | . | 52 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.29 |
XSU043 | . | . | . | . | . | 71 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.50 |
XSU044 | . | . | . | . | . | 65 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.46 |
XSU045 | . | . | . | . | . | 47 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.29 |
XSU046 | 59 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.54 |
XSU047 | 70 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.57 |
XSU048 | 78 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.64 |
XSU051 | 90 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.73 |
XSU052 | 80 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.65 |
XSU053 | 63 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.54 |
XSU054 | 56 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU055 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 64 | . | 0.66 |
XSU056 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 69 | . | 0.68 |
XSU049 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.39 |
XSU050 | 43 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.41 |
XSU051 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 73 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.63 |
XSU058 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 82 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.66 |
XSU059 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 58 | . | . | . | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU065 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.13 |
XSU066 | . | . | . | 70 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.52 |
XSU067 | . | . | . | 84 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.71 |
XSU068 | . | . | . | 70 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.50 |
XSU069 | . | . | . | 60 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU070 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.20 |
XSU071 | . | . | 90 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.83 |
XSU072 | . | . | 91 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.87 |
XSU073 | . | . | 72 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.65 |
XSU074 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 58 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU075 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 97 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.89 |
XSU076 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 76 | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.68 |
XSU077 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 57 | . | . | . | 0.39 |
XSU078 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 73 | . | . | . | 0.60 |
XSU079 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 60 | . | . | . | 0.40 |
XSU080 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 49 | 0.42 |
XSU081 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.22 |
XSU082 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.24 |
XSU083 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.16 |
XSU084 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.33 |
XSU085 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 61 | . | . | . | . | 0.62 |
XSU086 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 65 | . | . | . | . | 0.65 |
XSU087 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 67 | . | . | . | . | 0.62 |
XSU088 | . | . | . | . | 73 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.58 |
XSU089 | . | . | . | . | 85 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.73 |
XSU090 | . | . | . | . | 56 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU091 | . | . | . | . | 64 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.42 |
XSU092 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 60 | . | . | 0.39 |
XSU093 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 72 | . | . | 0.50 |
XSU094 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 52 | . | . | 0.35 |
XSU095 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 43 | . | . | 0.34 |
XSU099 | . | 64 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.43 |
XSU100 | . | 61 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.52 |
XSU101 | . | 81 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.67 |
XSU102 | . | 82 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.76 |
XSU103 | . | 65 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 0.56 |
Tanzania | Ghana | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Item | CFA Factor loading | Standard Error Variance | No | Item | CFA Factor loading | Standard Error Variance |
Knowledge of Health Rights | |||||||
XSU038 | A healthcare provider can refuse to provide me family planning services because of who I am. (reverse-coded) | XSU038 | A healthcare provider can refuse to provide me family planning services because of who I am. (reverse-coded) | ||||
XSU039 | The government ensures that family planning methods (Ghana) or services (Tanzania) are free of cost. | 0.6 | 0.64 | XSU039 | The government ensures that family planning methods (Ghana) or services (Tanzania) are free of cost. | ||
XSU040 | I have the right to privacy during my family planning visit. | 0.69 | 0.52 | XSU040 | I have the right to privacy during my family planning visit. | 0.53 | 0.72 |
XSU041 | The healthcare provider should not share my information with other people. | 0.64 | 0.46 | XSU041 | The healthcare provider should not share my information with other people. | 0.44 | 0.8 |
XSU042 | If I am unhappy with the care I received, I know there are ways to make a complaint. | XSU042 | If I am unhappy with the care I received, I know there are ways to make a complaint. | 0.7 | 0.5 | ||
XSU043 | Healthcare providers must answer all my health related questions. | 0.73 | 0.46 | XSU043 | Healthcare providers must answer all my health related questions. | 0.7 | 0.51 |
XSU044 | Healthcare providers should inform me about the different family planning options. | 0.77 | 0.4 | XSU044 | Healthcare providers should inform me about the different family planning options. | 0.54 | 0.71 |
XSU045 | I can refuse any family planning method offered if I do not want to use it. | XSU045 | I can refuse any family planning method offered if I do not want to use it. | ||||
Mistreatment by Health workers | |||||||
XSU065 | I felt like I could discuss my problems, question and concerns with the health care provider without feeling embarrassed. | XSU065 | I felt like I could discuss my problems, question and concerns with the health care provider without feeling embarrassed. | ||||
XSU066 | One of the providers or staff refused to offer me the service I wanted to receive. (reverse-coded) | 0.76 | 0.42 | XSU066 | One of the providers or staff refused to offer me the service I wanted to receive. (reverse-coded) | 0.71 | 0.5 |
XSU067 | The provider ignored my request or my preferences today. | 0.82 | 0.33 | XSU067 | The provider ignored my request or my preferences today. | 0.86 | 0.26 |
XSU068 | I felt like the provider did not listen to what I was saying (reverse-coded) | 0.73 | 0.47 | XSU068 | I felt like the provider did not listen to what I was saying (reverse-coded) | 0.66 | 0.56 |
XSU069 | A provider strongly encouraged me to use one family planning that was different to the one I wanted (reverse-coded) | 0.56 | 0.69 | XSU069 | A provider strongly encouraged me to use one family planning that was different to the one I wanted (reverse-coded) | 0.6 | 0.64 |
XSU070 | I have the right to choose my family planning method. | XSU070 | I have the right to choose my family planning method. | ||||
Perception of quality services | |||||||
XSU077 | The staff at this health facility have high quality family planning services. | 0.74 | 0.45 | XSU077 | The staff at this health facility have high quality family planning services. | 0.62 | 0.61 |
XSU078 | The staff at this health facility ensures privacy and confidentiality when providing services. | 0.81 | 0.35 | XSU078 | The staff at this health facility ensures privacy and confidentiality when providing services. | 0.81 | 0.35 |
XSU079 | The health facility is clean. | 0.53 | 0.73 | XSU079 | The health facility is clean. | 0.57 | 0.68 |
XSU080 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring their husband/partner for the family planning consultation. | XSU080 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring their husband/partner for the family planning consultation. | ||||
XSU081 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring a family member or friend for the family planning consultation. | XSU081 | At this health facility, if women choose, they can bring a family member or friend for the family planning consultation. | ||||
XSU082 | Unmarried women can access family planning and reproductive health service at the health facility. | XSU082 | Unmarried women can access family planning and reproductive health service at the health facility. | ||||
Women’s participation in h/h decision-making | |||||||
XSU046 | First, would you tell me which member of your household usually makes decisions about your health care? | XSU046 | First, would you tell me which member of your household usually makes decisions about your health care? | 0.49 | |||
XSU047 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making large household purchases? | XSU047 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making large household purchases? | 0.75 | 0.44 | ||
XSU048 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making household purchases for daily needs? | 0.55 | 0.7 | XSU048 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about making household purchases for daily needs? | 0.8 | 0.36 |
XSU049 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when you will visit family/relatives/friends? | XSU049 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when you will visit family/relatives/friends? | 0.83 | 0.32 | ||
XSU050 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when your whole household will visit family/relatives/friends? | XSU050 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about when your whole household will visit family/relatives/friends? | 0.74 | 0.45 | ||
XSU051 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money that you bring into the household? | 0.66 | 0.56 | XSU051 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money that you bring into the household? | 0.73 | 0.47 |
XSU052 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money your husband/partner brings into the household? | XSU052 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how to use the money your husband/partner brings into the household? | 0.64 | 0.59 | ||
XSU053 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about whether you or you and your husband/partner use family planning? | 0.79 | 0.36 | XSU053 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about whether you or you and your husband/partner use family planning? | ||
XSU054 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about where you will receive family planning? | 0.84 | 0.29 | XSU054 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about where you will receive family planning? | ||
XSU055 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about if you will be tested for the AIDS virus? | 0.77 | 0.41 | XSU055 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about if you will be tested for the AIDS virus? | ||
XSU056 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how many children you will have? | 0.63 | 0.6 | XSU056 | Which member of your household usually makes decisions about how many children you will have? | 0.59 | 0.66 |
Self efficacy with health care providers | |||||||
XSU057 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you know what your reproductive and family planning options are? | XSU057 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you know what your reproductive and family planning options are? | 0.73 | 0.47 | ||
XSU058 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you feel that you can act on your choice for family planning? | XSU058 | After your consultation with the health care provider today, do you feel that you can act on your choice for family planning? | 0.87 | 0.24 | ||
XSU059 | Do you know what help you need to make a decision? | XSU059 | Do you know what help you need to make a decision? | 0.54 | 0.71 | ||
Ability to atttend community meetings | |||||||
XSU071 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family did not support you to participate? | 0.85 | 0.28 | XSU071 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family did not support you to participate? | 0.88 | 0.21 |
XSU072 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family said you could not go? | 0.92 | 0.15 | XSU072 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family said you could not go? | 0.93 | 0.14 |
XSU073 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family would not help with your household duties so that you could attend? | 0.65 | 0.57 | XSU073 | How sure are you that you could attend a community meeting if your family would not help with your household duties so that you could attend? | 0.79 | 0.38 |
Ability to participate in community meetings | |||||||
XSU074 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting? | 0.68 | 0.54 | XSU074 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting? | 0.58 | 0.66 |
XSU075 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if a few people did not agree with what you were saying? | 0.95 | 0.09 | XSU075 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if a few people did not agree with what you were saying? | 0.9 | 0.18 |
XSU076 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if many people did not agree with what you were saying? | 0.91 | 0.17 | XSU076 | How sure are you that you could express your opinion at a community meeting if many people did not agree with what you were saying? | 0.82 | 0.33 |
Awareness of accountabilty mechanisms | |||||||
XSU083 | Today, if I went to the clinic I believe I could get family planning I wanted without facing any barriers of cost, age and marital status. | XSU083 | Today, if I went to the clinic I believe I could get family planning I wanted without facing any barriers of cost, age and marital status. | ||||
XSU084 | Anyone outside of the clinic, like friends or community members, can help you access your right to quality family planning services. | XSU084 | Anyone outside of the clinic, like friends or community members, can help you access your right to quality family planning services. | ||||
XSU085 | Health providers and district government officials can directly influence the quality of your local family planning services? | 0.63 | 0.6 | XSU085 | Health providers and district government officials can directly influence the quality of your local family planning services? | 0.52 | 0.73 |
XSU086 | Challenging people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. | 0.86 | 0.26 | XSU086 | Challenging people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. | 0.48 | 0.77 |
XSU087 | Collaboration with people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. | 0.84 | 0.84 | XSU087 | Collaboration with people of influence is the best way to change family planning services in the clinic. | 0.96 | 0.08 |
Mutual responsibility for and support of services (all items) | |||||||
XSU099 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women are treated with respect by health workers? | XSU099 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women are treated with respect by health workers? | 0.6 | 0.64 | ||
XSU100 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women have transportation to the hospital for permanent methods of contraception? | 0.57 | 0.68 | XSU100 | Who could have the most impact on making sure that women have transportation to the hospital for permanent methods of contraception? | 0.6 | 0.64 |
XSU101 | Who could have the most impact on increasing the number of days a health worker visits your community? | 0.67 | 0.56 | XSU101 | Who could have the most impact on increasing the number of days a health worker visits your community? | 0.8 | 0.36 |
XSU102 | Who could have the most impact on making sure the poorest and most vulnerable women in the community receive care? | 0.41 | 0.83 | XSU102 | Who could have the most impact on making sure the poorest and most vulnerable women in the community receive care? | 0.87 | 0.24 |
XSU103 | Who could have the most impact on getting funding to improve health services in this community? | XSU103 | Who could have the most impact on getting funding to improve health services in this community? | 0.71 | 0.46 | ||
Collective efficacy | |||||||
XSU088 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve family planning services in this community? | 0.75 | 0.44 | XSU088 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve family planning services in this community? | 0.75 | 0.44 |
XSU089 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve how women are treated at the health facility? | 0.87 | 0.24 | XSU089 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve how women are treated at the health facility? | 0.85 | 0.28 |
XSU090 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to obtain government services and entitlements? | 0.77 | 0.41 | XSU090 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to obtain government services and entitlements? | 0.55 | 0.7 |
XSU091 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve the health and well-being of women in this community? | 0.77 | 0.41 | XSU091 | How sure are you that the people in your community could work together to improve the health and well-being of women in this community? | 0.63 | 0.61 |
Community Support in the time of crisis | |||||||
XSU092 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who you could go to for advice? | XSU092 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who you could go to for advice? | 0.6 | 0.64 | ||
XSU093 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who could take you to the clinic? | 0.57 | 0.67 | XSU093 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who could take you to the clinic? | 0.66 | 0.57 |
XSU094 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would help care for your children or household while you are away? | 0.72 | 0.48 | XSU094 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would help care for your children or household while you are away? | 0.56 | 0.69 |
XSU095 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would loan you money for transport? | 0.44 | 0.8 | XSU095 | How sure are you that there is someone in your community, apart from your immediate family, who would loan you money for transport? | 0.51 | 0.74 |