nach oben

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Erschienen in:

01.02.2020 | The Global Epidemic (SH Vermund, Section Editor)

Addressing Minority Stress and Mental Health among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China

verfasst von: Shufang Sun, John E. Pachankis, Xiaoming Li, Don Operario

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 1/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in China experience elevated risks of mental health issues in comparison to the general population in China, which contribute to vulnerability to HIV/STI risks and can comprise the effectiveness of HIV prevention efforts. A conceptual framework for understanding this mental health disparity is minority stress theory, which posits that experiences of external prejudice events (i.e., distal stressors) and internal stress processes such as internalized homophobia and concealment (i.e., proximal stressors) contribute to sexual minorities’ elevated risk of psychological distress. To deepen the understanding of mental health among Chinese MSM and explore the potential utility of minority stress theory in this population, this paper synthesizes research evidence regarding prevalent mental health issues as well as how minority stress may be linked to psychological health in Chinese MSM.

Recent Findings

Results indicate that Chinese MSM experience a high prevalence of several mental health issues including depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors, and alcohol dependence.

Summary

This review further reveals minority stress to be an important determinant of psychological distress among Chinese MSM, though evidence is mixed regarding the relationship between proximal minority stress and psychological health. Nonetheless, there is a lack of mental health services and interventions focusing on MSM in China. Culturally relevant, competent, and LGBT-affirmative mental health interventions are needed for Chinese MSM. To guide future intervention research, we provide considerations for reducing minority stress and promoting psychological health among Chinese MSM.

Bostwick WB, Boyd CJ, Hughes TL, McCabe SE. Dimensions of sexual orientation and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(3):468–75.PubMedPubMedCentral

Stoloff K, Joska JA, Feast D, de Swardt G, Hugo J, Struthers H, et al. A description of common mental disorders in men who have sex with men (MSM) referred for assessment and intervention at an MSM clinic in Cape Town South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(S1):77–81.

Beyrer C, Baral SD, Van Griensven F, Goodreau SM, Chariyalertsak S, Wirtz AL, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):367–77.PubMedPubMedCentral

Luo Z, Feng T, Fu H, Yang T. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1–9.

Sivasubramanian M, Mimiaga MJ, Mayer KH, Anand VR, Johnson CV, Prabhugate P, et al. Suicidality, clinical depression, and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in men who have sex with men in Mumbai, India: Findings from a community-recruited sample. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(4):450–62.PubMedPubMedCentral

Tomori C, McFall AM, Srikrishnan AK, Mehta SH, Solomon SS, Anand S, et al. Diverse rates of depression among men who have sex with men (MSM) across India: Insights from a multi-site mixed method study. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(2):304–16.PubMedPubMedCentral

Kerridge BT, Pickering RP, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Chou SP, Zhang H, et al. Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and DSM-5 substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders among sexual minorities in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;170:82–92.PubMed

King M, Semlyen J, Tai SS, Killaspy H, Osborn D, Popelyuk D, et al. A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:1–17.

McCabe SE, Hughes TL, Bostwick WB, West BT, Boyd CJ. Sexual orientation, substance use disorders and substance dependence in the United States. Addiction. 2009;104(8):1333–45.PubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Mustanski B, Andrews R, Herrick A, Stall R, Schnarrs PW. A syndemic of psychosocial health disparities and associations with risk for attempting suicide among young sexual minority men. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(2):287–94.PubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Tsai AC, Burns BFO. Syndemics of psychosocial problems and HIV risk: A systematic review of empirical tests of the disease interaction concept. Soc Sci Med. 2015;139:26–35.PubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Safren SA, Reisner SL, Herrick A, Mimiaga MJ, Stall R. Mental health and HIV risk in men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Suppl 2):S74–7.PubMedPubMedCentral

13.

National Health and Family Planning Commission of China. 2015 China AIDS Response Progress Report. In: Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting. 2015. p. 1–26.

14.

Zheng S. The growing threat of China’s HIV epidemic. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(7):e311.PubMed

15.

Liu J, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Qu B, Zhu Y. The psychological health and associated factors of men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):1–14.

16.

Pan X, Li R, Ma Q, Wang H, Jiang T, He L, et al. Sexual risk behaviour, sexual victimization, substance use and other factors related to depression in men who have sex with men in Wenzhou, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):1–10.

17.

Mu H, Li Y, Liu L, Na J, Yu L, Bi X, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for lifetime suicide ideation, plan and attempt in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):1–11.

18.

Yu L, Jiang C, Na J, Li N, Diao W, Gu Y, Zhao L, Zou Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Mu H, Liu Y, Yu L, Yang X, Pan G. Elevated 12-month and lifetime prevalence and comorbidity rates of mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders in Chinese men who have sex with men. PLoS One. 2013;8(4).PubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Zhang B, Chu Q. MSM and HIV/AIDS in China. Cell Res. 2010;15:858–64.

20.

Steward WT, Miège P, Choi K-H. Charting a moral life: The influence of stigma and filial duties on marital decisions among Chinese men who have sex with men. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71778.PubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97.PubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Pachankis JE. The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(2):328–45.PubMed

23.

Goldbach JT, Tanner-Smith EE, Bagwell M, Dunlap S. Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: A meta-analysis. Prev Sci. 2014;15(3):350–63.PubMed

24.

Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Rendina HJ, Safren SA, Parsons JT. LGB-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015;83(5):875–89.PubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Hatzenbuehler ML, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Erickson SJ. Minority stress predictors of HIV risk behavior, substance use, and depressive symptoms: Results from a prospective study of bereaved gay men. Health Psychol. 2008;27(4):455–62.PubMed

26.

Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Hickson F, Weatherburn P, Berg RC, Marcus U, et al. Hidden from health: Structural stigma, sexual orientation concealment, and HIV across 38 countries in the European MSM Internet Survey. AIDS. 2015;29(10):1239–46.PubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Pachankis JE, Sullivan TJ, Feinstein BA, Newcomb ME. Young adult gay and bisexual men’s stigma experiences and mental health: An 8-year longitudinal study. Dev Psychol. 2018;54(7):1381–93.PubMed

28.

Storholm ED, Satre DD, Kapadia F, Halkitis PN. Depression, Compulsive Sexual Behavior, and Sexual Risk-Taking Among Urban Young Gay and Bisexual Men: The P18 Cohort Study. Arch Sex Behav. 2016;45(6):1431–41.PubMed

29.

Guo Y, Li X, Stanton B. HIV-related behavioral studies of men who have sex with men in China: A systematic review and recommendations for future research. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(3):521–34.PubMed

30.

Chen H, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang B. Causes of suicidal behaviors in men who have sex with men in China: A national questionnaire survey. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):15–8.

31.

Choi K-H, Steward WT, Miege P, Gregorich SE. Unpacking the influence of sexual stigma on HIV risk: Results from a prospective study of men who have sex with men in Beijing China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;74(2):e38–44.PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Choi K-H, Steward WT, Miège P, Hudes E, Gregorich SE. Sexual stigma, coping styles, and psychological distress: A longitudinal study of men who have sex with men in Beijing China. Arch Sex Behav. 2016;45(6):1483–91.PubMed

33.

Zhao Y, Ma Y, Chen R, Li F, Qin X, Hu Z. Non-disclosure of sexual orientation to parents associated with sexual risk behaviors among gay and bisexual MSM in China. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(1):193–203.PubMed

34.

Mirowsky J, Ross CE. Age and depression. J Health Soc Behav. 1992;33(3):187–205.PubMed

35.

Derogatis LM. Brief symptom inventory: An introductory report. Psychol Rep. 1983;13:595–605.

36.

Steward WT, Herek GM, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J, et al. HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(8):1225–35.PubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Wolfe WR, Weiser SD, Leiter K, Steward WT, Percy-de Korte F, Phaladze N, et al. The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(10):1865–71.PubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Chong ESK, Mak WWS, Tam TCY, Zhu C, Chung RWY. Impact of perceived HIV stigma within men who have sex with men community on mental health of seropositive MSM. AIDS Care. 2017;29(1):118–24.PubMed

39.

Berwick DM, Murphy JM, Goldman PA, Ware JEJ, Barsky AJ, Weinstein MC. Performance of a five-item mental health screening test. Med Care 29 AD. 2:169–76.PubMed

40.

Mak WWS, Cheung RYM. Self-stigma among concealable minorities in Hong Kong: Conceptualization and unified measurement. Am J Orthop. 2010;80(2):267–81.

41.

Hu Y, Zhong XN, Peng B, Zhang Y, Liang H, Dai JH, et al. Comparison of depression and anxiety between HIV-negative men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and men who have sex with men only (MSMO): A cross-sectional study in Western China. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):1–11.

42.

Zhang Y, Liu R, Li G, Mao S, Yuan Y. The reliability and validity of a Chinese-version Short Health Anxiety Inventory: An investigation of university students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015;11:1739–47.PubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Huang Y, Li P, Guo L, Gao X, Xu Y, Huang G, et al. Sexual minority status and suicidal behaviour among Chinese adolescents: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8):1–9.

44.

Ibragimov U, Harnisch JA, Nehl EJ, He N, Zheng T, Ding Y, et al. Estimating self-reported sex practices, drug use, depression, and intimate partner violence among MSM in China: A comparison of three recruitment methods. AIDS Care. 2017;29(1):125–31.PubMed

45.

Li R, Cai Y, Wang Y, Gan F, Shi R. Psychological pathway to suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China: A structural equation model. J Psychiatr Res. 2016;83:203–10.PubMed

46.

Li R, Cai Y, Wang Y, Sun Z, Zhu C, Tian Y, et al. Psychosocial syndemic associated with increased suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men in Shanghai China. Health Psychol. 2016;35(2):148–56.PubMed

47.

Li J, Mo PKH, Kahler CW, Lau JTF, Du M, Dai Y, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Care. 2016;28(4):465–70.PubMed

48.

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–7.

49.

Li J, Mo PKH, Wu AMS, Lau JTF. Roles of self-stigma, social support, and positive and negative affects as determinants of depressive symptoms among HIV infected men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(1):261–73.PubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Watson D, Clark LA, Tellege A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54:1063–70.PubMed

51.

Liu Y, Ruan Y, Strauss SM, Yin L, Liu H, Amico KR, et al. Alcohol misuse, risky sexual behaviors, and HIV or syphilis infections among Chinese men who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;168:239–46.PubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alchol consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88:791–904.PubMed

53.

Liu Y, Jiang C, Li S, Gu Y, Zhou Y, An X, et al. Association of recent gay-related stressful events with depressive symptoms in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):217.PubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Rosario M, Schrimshaw EW, Hunter J, Gwadz M. Gay-related stress and emotional distress among gay and bisexual youths: A longitudinal examination. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70(4):967–75.PubMed

55.

Liu X, Jiang D, Chen X, Tan A, Hou Y, He M, et al. Mental health status and associated contributing factors among gay men in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(6):1065.PubMedCentral

56.

Hatzenbuehler ML. Structural stigma and health inequalities: Research evidence and implications for psychological science. Am Psychol. 2016;71(8):742–51.PubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Hu X, Wang Y. LGB Identity among young Chinese: The influence of traditional culture. J Homosex. 2013 May 1;60(5):667–84.PubMed

58.

Mo PKH, Lau JTF, Lau MMC, Kim Y. Mental health service utilization among men who have sex with men who are at risk of mental health problems in Hong Kong: Prevalence and associated factors. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2018;19(3):392–406.

59.

Su X, Zhou AN, Li J, Shi LE, Huan X, Yan H, et al. Depression, loneliness, and sexual risk-taking among HIV-negative/unknown men who have sex with men in China. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;47(7):1959–68 1–10.PubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Sun S, Tarantino N, Whiteley L, Pachankis JE, Hoyt WT, Operario D, Brown LK. Cultural context matters: Testing the minority stress model among Chinese sexual minority men. J Couns Psychl. 2020; Under Review.

61.

Tao J, Vermund SH, Lu H, Ruan Y, Shepherd BE, Kipp AM, et al. Impact of depression and anxiety on initiation of antiretroviral therapy among men who have sex with men with newly diagnosed HIV infections in China. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2017;31(2):96–104.PubMedPubMedCentral

62.

Tao J, Wang L, Kipp AM, Qian HZ, Yin L, Ruan Y, et al. Relationship of stigma and depression among newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(1):292–9.PubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Wang Z, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Luo M, Shen Q, Dong Y, et al. Co-occuring psychosocial problems with multiple sexual partners among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China: A syndemic approach. J Sex Res. 2018;55(7):892–901.PubMed

64.

Wang Y, Wang Z, Jia M, Liang A, Yuan D, Sun Z, et al. Association between a syndemic of psychosocial problems and unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Shanghai China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):1–9.

65.

Wang Y, Dong M, Zhang Q, Xu D, Zhao J, Ng CH, et al. Suicidality and clinical correlates in Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV infection. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24(2):137–43.PubMed

66.

Wang N, Wang S, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Amico KR, Vermund SH, et al. Negative associations between general self-efficacy and anxiety/depression among newly HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. AIDS Care. 2019;31(5):629–35.PubMed

67.

Wu Y, Yang H-Y, Wang J, Yao H, Zhao X, Chen J, et al. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV-positive MSM in Anhui. China Int J STD AIDS. 2015;26(7):496–503.PubMed

68.

Xu W, Zheng L, Xu Y, Zheng Y. Internalized homophobia, mental health, sexual behaviors, and outness of gay/bisexual men from Southwest China. Int J Equity Health. 2017;16(1):1–10.

69.

Yan H, Wong FY, Zheng T, Ning Z, Ding Y, Nehl EJ, et al. Social support and depressive symptoms among “money” boys and general men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Sex Health. 2014;11(3):285.PubMed

70.

Yan H, Li X, Li J, Wang W, Yang Y, Yao X, et al. Association between perceived HIV stigma, social support, resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing. China AIDS Care. 2019;31(9):1069–76 0(0):1–8.PubMed

71.

Yang X, Mak WWS, Ho CYY, Chidgey A. Self-in-love versus self-in-stigma: implications of relationship quality and love attitudes on self-stigma and mental health among HIV-positive men having sex with men. AIDS Care. 2017;29(1):132–6.PubMed

72.

Ye Z, Chen L, Lin D, Wang SX. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and posttraumatic growth among HIV-Infected men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: The mediating roles of coping strategies. Front Psychol. 2018;9(September):1–9.

73.

Yu L, Li Y, Liu L, Li S, Na J, An X, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Bi X, Mu H, Zhang R, Dong W, Pan G. Association of recent gay-related stressful events and emotional distress with suicidal behaviors over 12 months in Chinese men who have sex with men. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. 2018;10(1).

74.

Yu F, Nehl EJ, Zheng T, He N, Berg CJ, Lemieux AF, et al. A Syndemic including cigarette smoking and sexual risk behaviors among a sample of MSM in Shanghai, China. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;132(0):265–70.PubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Zhang H, Wong WCW, Ip P, Fan S, Yip PSF. Health status and risk behaviors of sexual minorities among Chinese adolescents: A School-based survey. J Homosex. 2017;64(3):382–96.PubMed

76.

Zhu Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang R, Qu B. The relation between mental health, homosexual stigma, childhood abuse, community engagement, and unprotected anal intercourse among MSM in China. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–7.

77.

Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Yu X, Yan J, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(3):211–24.PubMed

78.

Burnham KE, Cruess DG, Kalichman MO, Grebler T, Cherry C, Kalichman SC. Trauma symptoms, internalized stigma, social support, and sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive gay and bisexual MSM who have sought sex parnters online. AIDS Care. 2016;28(3):347–53.PubMed

79.

Reisner SL, Mimiaga MJ, Safren SA, Mayer KH. Stressful or traumatic life events, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and HIV sexual risk taking among men who have sex with men. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Medical Asp AIDS/HIV. 2009;21(12):1481–9.

80.

Choi KW, Batchelder AW, Ehlinger PP, Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C. Applying network analysis to psychological comorbidity and health behavior: Depression, PTSD, and sexual risk in sexual minority men with trauma histories. J Counsult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(12): 1158–70.PubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Hottes TS, Bogaert L, Rhodes AE, Brennan DJ, Gesink D. Lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among sexual minority adults by study sampling strategies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(5):e1–12.PubMedPubMedCentral

82.

Cao X-L, Zhong B-L, Xiang Y-T, Ungvari GS, Lai KYC, Chiu HFK, et al. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population of China: A meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2015;49(4):296–308.PubMedPubMedCentral

83.

Liu Y, Qian H-Z, Ruan Y, Yin L, Ma J, Dahiya K, et al. Alcohol use among Chinese men who have sex with men: An epidemiological survey and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2014:1–11.

84.

Nehl EJ, He N, Lin L, Zheng T, Harnisch JA, Ding Y, et al. Drug use and sexual behaviors among MSM in China. Subst Use Misuse. 2015;50(1):123–36.PubMed

85.

Zhang H, Teng T, Lu H, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yin L, et al. Poppers use and risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;160:42–8.PubMed

86.

Tao X, Gai R, Zhang N, Zheng W, Zhang X, Xu A, et al. HIV infection and mental health of “money boys”: A pilot study in Shandong Province, China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal. 2010;41(2):358–68.

87.

Conron KJ, Mimiaga MJ, Landers SJ. A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(10):1953–60.PubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Mills TC, Paul J, Stall R, Pollack L, Canchola J, Chang YJ, et al. Distress and depression in men who have sex with men: The Urban Men’s Health Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:278–85.PubMed

89.

Ross LE, Salway T, Tarasoff LA, MacKay JM, Hawkins BW, Fehr CP. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among bisexual people compared to gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Res. 2018;55(4–5):435–56.PubMed

90.

Zhang C, Li X, Liu Y, Qiao S, Zhang L, Zhou Y, et al. Stigma against People Living with HIV/AIDS in China: Does the Route of Infection Matter? PLoS One [Internet]. 2016;11(3):e0151078.PubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Li L, Wu Z, Liang LJ, Lin C, Guan J, Jia M, et al. Reducing HIV-related stigma in health care settings: A randomized controlled trial in China. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):286–92.PubMedPubMedCentral

92.

Uthman OA, Magidson JF, Safren SA, Nachega JB. Depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle- and high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014;11(3):291–307.PubMedPubMedCentral

93.

Brandt C, Zvolensky MJ, Woods SP, Gonzalez A, Safren SA, O’Cleirigh CM. Anxiety symptoms and disorders among adults living with HIV and AIDS: A critical review and integrative synthesis of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev [Internet]. 2017;51:164–84.PubMed

94.

Rubin LH, Maki PM. HIV, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019;16(1):82–95.PubMed

95.

Rueda S, Mitra S, Chen S, Gogolishvili D, Globerman J, Chambers L, et al. Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open. 2016;6(7):e011453.PubMedPubMedCentral

96.

Meyer IH. Prejudice as stress: Conceptual and measurement problems. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):262–5.PubMedPubMedCentral

97.

Rendina HJ, Gamarel KE, Pachankis JE, Ventuneac A, Grov C, Parsons JT. Extending the minority stress model to incorporate HIV-positive gay and bisexual men’s experiences: A longitudinal examination of mental health and sexual risk behavior. Ann Behav Med. 2017;51(2):147–58.PubMedPubMedCentral

98.

Wu J. From “Long Yang” and “Dui Shi” to Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China. J Gay Lesbian Psychother. 2003;7(1–2):117–43.

99.

Cao J, Guo L. Chinese “Tongzhi” community, civil society, and online activism. Commun Public. 2017;1(4):504–8.

100.

Katz-Wise SL, Rosario M, Tsappis M. LGBT youth and family acceptance. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2016;63(6):1011–25.

101.

Beijing LGBT Centre. Being LGBTI in China: A national survey on social attitudes toward sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. United Nations Development Programme; 2016.

102.

Sun S, Hoyt WT, Pachankis JE. Sexual risk behaviors in the internet age: The case of Chinese men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. 2019; (Sep): 1–8.

103.

Sun S, Budge SL, Shen W, Xu G, Liu M, Feng S. Minority stress and health: A grounded theory exploration among men who have sex with men in China and implications for health research and interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2020; In press.

104.

Lin K, Button DM, Su M, Chen S, Lin K. Chinese college students’ attitudes toward homosexuality: Exploring the effects of traditional culture and modernizing factors. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2016;19:158–72.

105.

Liu M. Two gay men seeking two lesbians: An analysis of Xinghun (formality marriage) ads on China’s Tianya.cn. Sex Cult. 2013;17(3):494–511.

106.

Huang Y, Li P, Lai Z, Jia X, Xiao D, Wang T, et al. Association between sexual minority status and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord. 2018;239(May):85–92.PubMed

107.

Holt MK, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Polanin JR, Holland KM, DeGue S, Matjasko JL, et al. Bullying and suicidal ideation and behaviors: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):e496–509.PubMedPubMedCentral

108.

O’Malley Olsen E, Kann L, Vivolo-Kantor A, Kinchen S, McManus T. School violence and bullying among sexual minority high school students, 2009–2011. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(3):432–8.PubMed

109.

Hatzenbuehler ML. How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(5):707–30.PubMedPubMedCentral

110.

Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Internalized homophobia and internalizing mental health problems: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(8):1019–29.PubMed

111.

Herrick AL, Stall R, Chmiel JS, Guadamuz TE, Penniman T, Shoptaw S, et al. It gets better: Resolution of internalized homophobia over time and associations with positive health outcomes among MSM. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1423–30.PubMedPubMedCentral

112.

Shao J, Chang ES, Chen C. The relative importance of parent–child dynamics and minority stress on the psychological adjustment of LGBs in China. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(5):598–604.PubMed

113.

Dawson NV, Weiss R. Dichotomizing continuous variables in statistical analysis: A practice to avoid. Med Decis Mak. 2012;32(2):225–6.

114.

Altman DG, Royston P. The cost of dichotomising continuous variables. BMJ. 2006;332(7549):1080.PubMedPubMedCentral

115.

Sheridan DJ. Sexual orientation disclosure and concealment: A model-driven meta-analysis. University of Miami. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.; 2017.

116.

Guo Y, Li X, Liu Y, Jiang S, Tu X. Disclosure of same-sex behavior by young Chinese migrant men: Context and correlates. Psychol Health Med. 2014;19(2):190–200.PubMed

117.

Sun S, Whiteley L, Brown LK. HIV testing among Chinese men who have sex with men: The roles of HIV knowledge, online social life, and sexual identity concerns. AIDS Behav. 2019. (Online First Publication).

118.

Pyun T, Santos GM, Arreola S, Do T, Hebert P, Beck J, et al. Internalized homophobia and reduced HIV testing among men who have sex with men in china. Asia-Pacific J Public Heal. 2014;26(2):118–25.

119.

Millar BM, Wang K, Pachankis JE. The moderating role of internalized homonegativity on the efficacy of LGB-affirmative psychotherapy: Results from a randomized controlled trial with young adult gay and bisexual men. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016;84(7):565–70.PubMedPubMedCentral

120.

Chaudoir SR, Wang K, Pachankis JE. What reduces sexual minority stress? A review of the intervention “toolkit.”. J Soc Issues. 2017;73(3):586–617.PubMedPubMedCentral

121.

Kitayama S, Markus HR, Kurokawa M. Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognit Emot. 2000;14(1):93–124.

122.

Suh EM. Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;83(6):1378–91.PubMed

123.

Markus HR. Kitayama S. Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. 2010:420–30.

124.

Huang S, Brouwer DC. Coming out, coming home, coming with: Models of queer sexuality in contemporary China. J Int Intercult Commun. 2017;11(2):97–116.

125.

Rendina HJ, Millar BM, Parsons JT. The critical role of internalized HIV-related stigma in the daily negative affective experiences of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. J Affect Disord. 2017;227(September 2017):289–97.PubMedPubMedCentral

126.

Wohl AR, Galvan FH, Carlos JA, Myers HF, Garland W, Witt MD, et al. A comparison of MSM stigma, HIV stigma and depression in HIV-positive latino and African American men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1454–64.PubMed

127.

Liu C, Zhang Y, Pan SW, Wu D, Cao B, Fu R, et al. Anticipated HIV stigma among men who have sex with men and transgender individuals in China: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2017;390:S70.

128.

Xiang Y, Yu X, Ungvari GS, Lee EHM, Chiu HFK. China’s national mental health law: A 26-year work in progress. Lancet. 2012;379(9818):780–2.PubMed

129.

Lin I-TS. The mental healthcare industry in China [Internet]. China Briefing. [cited 2019 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.china-briefing.com/news/mental-healthcare-industry-china/

130.

Gao X, Jackson T, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang R, Qian M, et al. There is a long way to go: a nationwide survey of professional training for mental health practitioners in China. Health Policy. 2010;95(1):74–81.PubMed

131.

Burki T. Health and rights challenges for China’s LGBT community. Lancet. 2017;389(10076):1286.PubMed

132.

Beijing LGBT Center. Chinese LGBT Mental Health Survey Report. Author, editor. Beijing, China; 2014.

133.

Chang DF, Tong H, Shi Q, Zeng Q. Letting a hundred flowers bloom: Counseling and psychotherapy in the People’s Republic of China. J Ment Health Couns. 2005;27(2):104–16.

134.

Haldeman DC. The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62(2):221–7.PubMed

135.

Cramer RJ, Golom FD, LoPresto CT, Kirkley SM. Weighing the evidence: Empirical assessment and ethical implications of conversion therapy. Ethics Behav. 2008;18(1):93–114.

136.

Kwok DK, Winter S, Yuen M. Heterosexism in school: The counseling experience of Chinese tongzhi students in Hong Kong. Br J Guid Couns. 2012;40(5):561–76.

137.

Yang JP, Simoni JM, Dorsey S, Lin Z, Sun M, Bao M, et al. Reducing distress and promoting resilience: A preliminary trial of a CBT skills intervention among recently HIV-diagnosed MSM in China. AIDS Care. 2018;30(sup5):S39–48.PubMed

138.

Adam BD, Murray J, Ross S, Oliver J, Lincoln SG, Rynard V. Hivstigma.com, an innovative web-supported stigma reduction intervention for gay and bisexual men. Health Educ Res. 2011;26(5):795–807.PubMed

139.

Rongkavilit C, Wang B, Naar-King S, Bunupuradah T, Parsons JT, Panthong A, et al. Motivational interviewing targeting risky sex in HIV-positive young Thai men who have sex with men. Arch Sex Behav. 2014;44(2):329–40.PubMedPubMedCentral

140.

Mimiaga MJ, Thomas B, Mayer KH, Regenauer KS, Dange A, Andres Bedoya C, et al. A randomized clinical efficacy trial of a psychosocial intervention to strengthen self-acceptance and reduce HIV risk for MSM in India: Study protocol. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1–8.

141.

Safren SA, Blashill AJ, O’Cleirigh CM. Promoting the sexual health of MSM in the context of comorbid mental health problems. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(SUPPL. 1):30–4.

142.

Pachankis JE. A transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men’s syndemic health conditions. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(7):1843–60.PubMedPubMedCentral

143.

Diamond GM, Diamond GS, Levy S, Closs C, Ladipo T, Siqueland L. Attachment-based family therapy for suicidal lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents: A treatment development study and open trial with preliminary findings. Psychotherapy. 2013;49(1):62–71.

144.

Leluțiu-Weinberger C, Manu M, Ionescu F, Dogaru B, Kovacs T, Dorobănțescu C, et al. An mHealth intervention to improve young gay and bisexual men’s sexual, behavioral, and mental health in a structurally stigmatizing national context. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(11):1–15.

Titel: Addressing Minority Stress and Mental Health among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China
verfasst von: Shufang Sun
John E. Pachankis
Xiaoming Li
Don Operario
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2020
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00479-w

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

23.04.2024 | Medikamente in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit | Nachrichten

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Addressing Minority Stress and Mental Health among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Nierenultraschall: Tipps vom Profi

Bei RSV-Impfung vor 60. Lebensjahr über Off-Label-Gebrauch aufklären!

Update Innere Medizin

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2020

Recent Advances in the Development of Integrase Inhibitors for HIV Treatment

Bone Update: Is It Still an Issue Without Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate?

Optimizing Treatment for Adults with HIV/AIDS in China: Successes over Two Decades and Remaining Challenges

Addressing Hepatitis C in the American Incarcerated Population: Strategies for Nationwide Elimination

Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HIV-Infected Patients: Current Evidence and Controversies

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Nierenultraschall: Tipps vom Profi

Bei RSV-Impfung vor 60. Lebensjahr über Off-Label-Gebrauch aufklären!

Update Innere Medizin