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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 7/2020

08.04.2020 | Entwicklungsstörungen | Leitthema

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Aktueller Forschungsstand

verfasst von: Dr. Alexander Häge, Dr. Sarah Hohmann, Dr. Sabina Millenet, Prof. Dr. Dr. Tobias Banaschewski

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 7/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) mit der Kernsymptomtrias Unaufmerksamkeit, Impulsivität und motorische Unruhe ist eine der häufigsten Entwicklungsstörungen mit Beginn in der Kindheit.

Ziel der Arbeit

Übersicht zum gegenwärtigen Forschungsstand bezüglich Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie der ADHS mit Fokus auf das Kindes- und Jugendalter.

Methoden

Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed unter Bezugnahme auf die deutsche S3-Leitlinie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Kindes‑, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen

Die epidemiologische Prävalenz der ADHS wird auf 5,3 % geschätzt. Die Ätiologie ist komplex und heterogen, der genetische Einfluss ist hoch. In der Diagnostik gilt es, Differenzialdiagnosen auszuschließen und häufige koexistente Störungsbilder zu erkennen. Die Therapieempfehlung richtet sich unter anderem nach dem Schweregrad der Symptomatik. Bei schwerer ADHS soll primär eine Pharmakotherapie angeboten werden. Behördlich sind in Deutschland zur medikamentösen Behandlung der ADHD im Kindes- und Jugendalter Psychostimulanzien (verschiedene Methylphenidat- und Amphetaminpräparate) sowie die Nichtstimulanzien Atomoxetin und Guanfacin zugelassen. Bei geringerem Schweregrad oder bei Kindern im Alter unter 6 Jahren ist eine psychosoziale Intervention (einschließlich Psychotherapie) oft ausreichend.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Aktueller Forschungsstand
verfasst von
Dr. Alexander Häge
Dr. Sarah Hohmann
Dr. Sabina Millenet
Prof. Dr. Dr. Tobias Banaschewski
Publikationsdatum
08.04.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 7/2020
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00904-1

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