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Erschienen in: Calcified Tissue International 5/2017

24.06.2016 | Review

Adipose, Bone, and Myeloma: Contributions from the Microenvironment

verfasst von: Michelle M. McDonald, Heather Fairfield, Carolyne Falank, Michaela R. Reagan

Erschienen in: Calcified Tissue International | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Abstract

Researchers globally are working towards finding a cure for multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive blood cancer diagnosed yearly in ~750,000 people worldwide (Podar et al. in Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 14:99–127, 2009). Although MM targets multiple organ systems, it is the devastating skeletal destruction experienced by over 90 % of patients that often most severely impacts patient morbidity, pain, and quality of life. Preventing bone disease is therefore a priority in MM treatment, and understanding how and why myeloma cells target the bone marrow (BM) is fundamental to this process. This review focuses on a key area of MM research: the contributions of the bone microenvironment to disease origins, progression, and drug resistance. We describe some of the key cell types in the BM niche: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. We then focus on how these key cellular players are, or could be, regulating a range of disease-related processes spanning MM growth, drug resistance, and bone disease (including osteolysis, fracture, and hypercalcemia). We summarize the literature regarding MM-bone cell and MM-adipocyte relationships and subsequent phenotypic changes or adaptations in MM cells, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of how myeloma cells grow in the skeleton to cause bone destruction. We identify avenues and therapies that intervene in these networks to stop tumor growth and/or induce bone regeneration. Overall, we aim to illustrate how novel therapeutic target molecules, proteins, and cellular mediators may offer new avenues to attack this disease while reviewing currently utilized therapies.
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Metadaten
Titel
Adipose, Bone, and Myeloma: Contributions from the Microenvironment
verfasst von
Michelle M. McDonald
Heather Fairfield
Carolyne Falank
Michaela R. Reagan
Publikationsdatum
24.06.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Calcified Tissue International / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0171-967X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0827
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0162-2

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