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Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie 5/2022

29.06.2022 | Zytokine | Leitthema

Metabolisches Syndrom und Inflammation

verfasst von: Sonja Rieckmann, Ulrik Stervbo, Timm H. Westhoff

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 5/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Adipositas geht mit einer als „Metaflammation“ bezeichneten chronisch-subklinischen Entzündung einher, die als unabhängiger Prädiktor für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) identifiziert wurde. Dabei kommt es auf Basis proinflammatorischer Signale, u. a. durch Adipozytenstress, zur Einwanderung von Immunzellen in das Fettgewebe. Zytotoxische T‑Zellen rekrutieren Makrophagen, die ihrerseits die Entzündung antreiben, sodass ein Circulus vitiosus aus sich verstärkenden Signalen mit einem proinflammatorischen Shift der Immunzellpopulation entsteht. Molekulare Endstrecke dessen ist eine zytokinvermittelte Insulinresistenz, die nicht nur den Grundstein für die Entwicklung eines metabolischen Syndroms legt, sondern die durch ihre sekundäre Hyperinsulinämie auch in der Niere Apoptose, Fibrose und endotheliale Dysfunktion triggert. Dieser Prozess wird durch entzündungsfördernde Mediatoren des Fettgewebes (Adipokine) zusätzlich gefördert. Einige immunsupprimierende Medikamente zeigen im Tierversuch erste positive Effekte auf adipositasassoziierte Folgeerkrankungen, sind bis dato aber für diese Indikation klinisch nicht etabliert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Metabolisches Syndrom und Inflammation
verfasst von
Sonja Rieckmann
Ulrik Stervbo
Timm H. Westhoff
Publikationsdatum
29.06.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 5/2022
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-022-00590-x

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