Introduction
Current Treatment Options
Summary of most relevant clinical studies on chemo-/immunotherapy in T-PLL | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regime | Study design | Treatment status | n | ORR | CR | PR | PFS | OS | Reference |
[%] | [%] | [%] | [mo] | [mo] | |||||
Pentostatin | Single center, retrospective | Pretreated | 56 | 45 | 9 | 36 | 6 | 9 | [9] |
Alemtuzumab, iv | Single center, retrospective | Pretreated | 15 | 73 | 60 | 13 | 6 | 8 | [34] |
Alemtuzumab, iv | Multicenter, prospective | Pretreated | 39 | 76 | 60 | 16 | 7 | 10 | [33] |
Alemtuzumab, iv | Multicenter, retrospective | Untreated | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 5 | 8.7 | [30] |
Pretreated | 72 | 50 | 37.5 | 12.5 | 4.5 | 7.5 | |||
Pentostatin + alemtuzumab, iv | Single center, prospective | Pretreated | 13 | 69 | 62 | 8 | 7.8 | 10.2 | [39] |
Alemtuzumab, iv | Single center, prospective | Untreated | 32 | 91 | 81 | 10 | 12 | 48 | [10] |
Pretreated | 45 | 74 | 60 | 14 | 12 | 48 | |||
Alemtuzumab, sc | Untreated | 9 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 12 | 48 | ||
FMC + alemtuzumab, iv | Multicenter, prospective | Untreated | 16 | 92 | 48 | 44 | 11.5 | 17.1 | [5] |
Pretreated | 9 | ||||||||
Bendamustine | Multicenter, retrospective | Untreated | 6 | 55.3 | 20 | 33.3 | 5 | 8.7 | [24] |
Pretreated | 9 | ||||||||
Alemtuzumab, iv | Single center, retrospective | Untreated | 13 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 40.5 | [32] |
Alemtuzumab, sc | Single center, retrospective | Pretreated | 5 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 13.7 | [32] |
Alemtuzumab, iv + cladribine +/− HDAC inhibition | Single center, retrospective | Untreated | 4 | 100 | 75 | 25 | 6.3 | 14.8 | [52] |
Pretreated | 4 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 11.35 | 23.7 | |||
Alemtuzumab, iv | Single center, retrospective | Untreated | 42 | 81 | 61 | 20 | 11 | 15 | [31•] |
Pretreated | 15 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 3 | 15 | |||
Alemtuzumab, iv + pentostatin | Untreated | 13 | 82 | 73 | 9 | 4.3 | 10.4 | ||
Pretreated | 5 | 75 | 50 | 25 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |||
FMC + alemtuzumab, sc | Multicenter, prospective | Untreated | 13 | 68.7 | 32.1 | 36.6 | 7.5 | 11.5 | [26•] |
Pretreated | 5 |
Conventional Cytostatics
Alemtuzumab Remains the Current Benchmark
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Study design | n | Age [years] | Relapse rate [%] | TRM [%] | Pre-HSCT CR [%] | Post-HSCT CR [%] | PFS [mo] | OS | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary of clinical studies on auto-HSCT in T-PLL | |||||||||
Multi-center, retrospective | 15 | 58 | 60 | 7 | 87 | 100 | n.a. | 52 mo | [42] |
Summary of clinical studies on allo-HSCT in T-PLL | |||||||||
Multicenter, retrospective | 13 | 51 | 33 | 31 | 69 | 92 | n.a. | 33mo | [42] |
CIBMTR registry, retrospective | 21 | 54 | 39* | 28* | n.a. | n.a. | 5.1 | 11.2mo | [43] |
EBMT registry, retrospective | 41 | 51 | 41** | 41** | 27 | n.a. | 10 | 21%** | [41] |
Multicenter, prospective | 5 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 24.8mo | [5] |
French Society of SCT, retrospective | 27 | 53 | 47 | 31** | 52 | 78 | 26** | 36%** | [44] |
Single-center, retrospective | 11 | 56 | 21*** | 34*** | 91 | 91 | 15 | 56mo | [45] |
EBMT registry, prospective (a) | 37 | 56 | 38*** | 32*** | 62 | n.a. | 30*** | 42%*** | [47••] |
TRUMP registry, retrospective | 20 | 54 | 69.6** | 20.9* | 30 | n.a. | 33.5%** | 40%** | [46] |
New Rational-based Approaches at Conceptual Stages and with First (Pre)Clinical Evidence
Novel therapeutic approaches | |
---|---|
Strategy | Reference |
Epigenetic modulation | |
P53 reactivation | |
Inhibition of constitutive JAK/STAT signaling | |
Antagonists of BCL2 family molecules | |
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases | [18••] |
Modulation of immune cell synapses | [76] |
CAR-T cell therapy | [79••] |