Background
Methods
Inclusion criteria
Search strategy
Data extraction and quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Study characteristics
Trials | Number of learners | Study design | Type of participants/Specialties | Type of NSBT | Type of SBT | Airway management techniques | Outcomes | MERSQI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ovassapian A (1998)a [8] | 32 | RCT | Residents/Surgery and anesthesiology | Instructor demonstration | Unspecified model simulator | FL | SR(p), BP, complications | 14 |
Naik VN (2001)a [9] | 24 | RCT | Residents/Anesthesiology and internal medicine | lecture | Partial-task simulator | FL | SR(p), TS, BP complications | 16 |
OST D (2001)a [10] | 6 | RCT | First –year fellows/Pulmonary | Clinical observation | Partial-task simulator | FL | TS, BP complications | 13 |
Modell JH (2002)a [11] | 40 | RCT | Students/Veterinary | Self study | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | ES | 11.5 |
Morgan PJ (2002)a [12] | 144 | RCT | Final-year medical students | Video | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | BP, ES, LR | 12.5 |
Multak N (2002)a [21] | 56 | 2NR | Students/Physician assistant | Video and discussion | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | ES | 9.5 |
Hall RE (2005)a [13] | 36 | RCT | Second-year students/Paramedic | Clinical observation | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | SR(p), Complications | 12.5 |
Chen JS (2006)a [14] | 20 | RCT | Novice bronchoscopists/NR | Video and clinical observation | Partial-task simulator | FL | LR | 10 |
Quigley P (2007) [22] | 70 | 2NR | Nurse and doctors/Emergency | Self study | Partial-task simulator | CP | SR(s) | 11.5 |
Kory P (2007) [23] | 64 | 2NR | residents/Internal medicine | Clinical observation | Virtual reality with HPS | BMV | BP | 12 |
Youngquist ST (2008) [24] | 245 | 2NR | Students/Paramedic | Lecture/video | Unspecified model simulator | BMV, DL | LR, SR(s) | 13.5 |
Hallikainen J (2009) [15] | 46 | RCT | Fourth year medical students | Clinical observation | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | SR(s) | 13.5 |
Gaies MG (2009)a [16] | 38 | RCT | Interns/Pediatric | Clinical observation | Unspecified model simulator | BMV | SR(s), BP | 14 |
Wenk M (2009)a [17] | 33 | RCT | Fourth-year medical students/NR | Problem-based discussion | Virtual reality with HPS | DL | TS, BP, ES, LR | 14.5 |
Campos JH (2011)a [18] | 56 | RCT | Fellows and faculty with limited related experience/Anesthesiology | video | Partial-task simulator | DL | SR(P), TS, complications | 15 |
Smith ME (2014)a [19] | 36 | RCT | Final-year medical students and residents/NR | Lecture and video | Partial-task simulator | FL | TS, BP, complications | 15 |
Jayaraman V (2014) [20] | 19 | RCT | Medical students/Surgery | Video | Partial-task simulator | Cricothyroidotomy | TS, BP, ES, LR, complications | 14 |
Meta –analyses
Learning outcomes: time-skill, behavior performance and knowledge
Subgroups and sensitivity analysis | Time-skill SMD and 95%CI [number of studies] | Behavior performance SMD and 95%CI [number of studies] | Examination scores SMD and 95%CI [number of studies] |
---|---|---|---|
Airway management techniques | |||
FL | −2.17 (−6.77,2.42) [n = 2] | 0.59 (0.03,1.16) [n = 3] | 0.43 (−0.16,1.03) [n = 4] |
DL | 0.13 (−0.56,0.81) [n = 2] | 0.28 (−0.02,0.58) [n = 2] | NA |
Sensitivity analysis of RCTs | −0.13 (−0.82, 0.57) [n = 4] | 0.30 (0.06, 0.54) [n = 6] | 0.38 (−0.24, 1.00) [n = 4] |