Introduction
Methods
Lung function testing and group assignment
Computed tomography
Statistical analysis
Results
BDR-(10%) | BDR + (10%) | BDR-(15%) | BDR + (15%) | BDR-(ATS) | BDR + (ATS) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 2355 | n = 1306 | p | n = 2863 | n = 798 | p | n = 2385 | n = 1276 | p | |
Age at enrollment | 62.94 ± 8.43 | 63.55 ± 8.78 | .039 | 63.04 ± 8.49 | 63.58 ± 8.83 | .111 | 63.16 ± 8.36 | 63.15 ± 8.93 | .963 |
Gender (% male) | 57.4 | 55.1 | .191 | 57.1 | 54.5 | .185 | 56.8 | 56.1 | .700 |
Race (% Caucasian) | 79.1 | 79.9 | .569 | 79.4 | 79.2 | .905 | 79.6 | 78.9 | .638 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.71 ± 5.90 | 28.05 ± 6.03 | .094 | 27.74 ± 5.93 | 28.16 ± 6.00 | .073 | 27.71 ± 5.95 | 28.06 ± 5.95 | .090 |
Smoking History (pack yrs) | 51.72 ± 27.08 | 52.35 ± 27.18 | .502 | 51.38 ± 26.74 | 53.98 ± 28.32 | .017 | 52.05 ± 27.07 | 51.75 ± 27.03 | .748 |
Current Smoking (%) | 45.0 | 39.5 | .001 | 43.8 | 40.4 | .082 | 43.6 | 42.1 | .401 |
Distance walked, ft | 1262.57 ± 410.64 | 1237.53 ± 394.89 | .077 | 1266.14 ± 409.31 | 1208.67 ± 387.07 | <.0001 | 1253.44 ± 413.03 | 1254.04 ± 390.33 | .966 |
History of Asthma (%) | 21.3 | 27.6 | <.0001 | 21.9 | 29.6 | <.0001 | 22.2 | 26.2 | .017 |
BODE index | 2.25 ± 2.12 | 2.72 ± 2.05 | <.0001 | 2.28 ± 2.10 | 2.94 ± 2.03 | <.0001 | 2.35 ± 2.13 | 2.55 ± 2.05 | .007 |
SGRQ score | 34.49 ± 22.77 | 39.07 ± 22.47 | <.0001 | 34.79 ± 22.87 | 40.91 ± 21.73 | <.0001 | 35.22 ± 22.78 | 37.80 ± 22.65 | .001 |
mMRC dyspnea score | 1.80 ± 1.47 | 1.99 ± 1.43 | <.0001 | 1.80 ± 1.47 | 2.11 ± 1.39 | <.0001 | 1.82 ± 1.46 | 1.94 ± 1.45 | .022 |
FEV1% pred | 60.25 ± 23.51 | 53.90 ± 20.74 | <.0001 | 59.82 ± 23.23 | 51.4 ± 19.63 | <.0001 | 58.95 ± 23.24 | 56.17 ± 21.73 | <.0001 |
FVC% pred | 83.45 ± 20.52 | 80.88 ± 19.59 | <.0001 | 83.37 ± 20.50 | 79.52 ± 18.91 | <.0001 | 81.87 ± 20.35 | 83.77 ± 19.94 | .007 |
FEV1/FVC | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | <.0001 | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | <.0001 | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | <.0001 |
FEV1% change | 1.74 ± 6.46 | 20.10 ± 10.82 | <.0001 | 3.60 ± 7.13 | 25.10 ± 11.22 | <.0001 | 2.86 ± 7.50 | 18.43 ± 12.48 | <.0001 |
FVC% change | 2.94 ± 9.21 | 17.85 ± 20.58 | <.0001 | 4.40 ± 9.85 | 22.13 ± 24.15 | <.0001 | 1.43 ± 7.13 | 21.02 ± 19.78 | <.0001 |
Exacerbation Frequency | 0.59 ± 1.12 | 0.71 ± 1.22 | .002 | 0.61 ± 1.14 | 0.70 ± 1.22 | .047 | 0.61 ± 1.14 | 0.67 ± 1.19 | .146 |
Severe Exacerbations | 17.5 | 20.7 | .018 | 18.1 | 20.4 | .140 | 18.3 | 19.3 | .476 |
BDR-(10%) | BDR + (10%) | BDR-(15%) | BDR + (15%) | BDR-(ATS) | BDR + (ATS) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 2355 | n = 1306 | p | n = 2863 | n = 798 | p | n = 2385 | n = 1276 | p | |
%emphysema | 11.36 ± 12.34 | 12.22 ± 11.96 | .042 | 11.43 ± 12.23 | 12.53 ± 12.12 | .024 | 11.78 ± 12.77 | 11.45 ± 11.96 | .431 |
%gas trapping | 33.96 ± 20.93 | 39.04 ± 20.22 | <.0001 | 34.46 ± 20.85 | 40.48 ± 20.00 | <.0001 | 34.93 ± 20.88 | 37.36 ± 20.61 | .001 |
TLC | 6.01 ± 1.43 | 6.09 ± 1.47 | .090 | 6.01 ± 1.44 | 6.11 ± 1.48 | .095 | 5.96 ± 1.44 | 6.31 ± 1.44 | .134 |
FRC | 3.78 ± 1.2 | 4.05 ± 1.24 | <.0001 | 3.80 ± 1.20 | 4.15 ± 1.25 | <.0001 | 3.87 ± 1.25 | 3.89 ± 1.10 | <.0001 |
TLC %pred, race-adjusted | 101.15 ± 16.52 | 103.65 ± 16.42 | <.0001 | 101.34 ± 16.49 | 104.56 ± 16.44 | <.0001 | 101.56 ± 16.41 | 102.94 ± 16.70 | .016 |
FRC %pred, race-adjusted | 117.90 ± 31.85 | 127.02 ± 31.12 | <.0001 | 118.62 ± 31.69 | 130.25 ± 30.95 | <.0001 | 118.86 ± 31.55 | 125.43 ± 32.10 | <.0001 |
Pi10 | 3.69 ± 0.14 | 3.73 ± 0.15 | <.0001 | 3.69 ± 0.14 | 3.74 ± 0.15 | <.0001 | 3.69 ± 0.14 | 3.72 ± 0.15 | <.0001 |
Pi15 | 5.17 ± 0.2 | 5.24 ± 0.21 | <.0001 | 5.18 ± 0.20 | 5.26 ± 0.21 | <.0001 | 5.17 ± 0.20 | 5.24 ± 0.21 | <.0001 |
Wall area %, segmental | 61.97 ± 3.15 | 63.12 ± 2.94 | <.0001 | 62.08 ± 3.12 | 63.45 ± 2.89 | <.0001 | 62.07 ± 3.14 | 62.97 ± 3.00 | <.0001 |
GOLD | Variable | BDR-(10%) | BDR + (10%) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | n = 519 | n = 143 | ||
Pi10 | 3.62 ± 0.10 | 3.64 ± 0.12 | .016 | |
Pi15 | 5.08 ± 0.15 | 5.14 ± 0.19 | <.0001 | |
WA%, Seg | 60.04 ± 2.66 | 61.32 ± 2.99 | <.0001 | |
2 | n = 1029 | n = 564 | ||
Pi10 | 3.68 ± 0.12 | 3.71 ± 0.15 | <.0001 | |
Pi15 | 5.19 ± 0.21 | 5.23 ± 0.21 | <.0001 | |
WA%, Seg | 62.06 ± 3.01 | 62.90 ± 2.90 | <.0001 | |
3 | n = 501 | n = 425 | ||
Pi10 | 3.74 ± 0.14 | 3.75 ± 0.15 | .289 | |
Pi15 | 5.22 ± 0.22 | 5.27 ± 0.21 | .001 | |
WA%, Seg | 63.04 ± 3.02 | 63.64 ± 2.81 | .002 | |
4 | n = 506 | n = 174 | ||
Pi10 | 3.75 ± 0.14 | 3.78 ± 0.13 | .031 | |
Pi15 | 5.19 ± 0.20 | 5.24 ± 0.21 | .004 | |
WA%, Seg | 63.20 ± 3.01 | 64.02 ± 2.60 | .003 |
BDR + (10%) | BDR + (15%) | BDR + (ATS) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
Pi10
| 4.59 | 2.62 | 8.06 | 6.27 | 3.33 | 11.79 | 5.82 | 3.30 | 10.24 |
Pi15
| 4.60 | 3.13 | 6.75 | 5.35 | 3.48 | 8.24 | 5.13 | 3.46 | 7.61 |
WA% Segmental
| 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.13 |