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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 9/2010

01.09.2010 | Übersichten

Aktuelle anästhesiologische Aspekte bei urologischen Patienten

verfasst von: Dr. O. Groll, J. Peters

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 9/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Koronarstents müssen für 4 Wochen bzw. 12 Monate nach Stentplatzierung Clopidogrel und ASS einnehmen. Wird diese Medikation z. B. für eine Operation vorzeitig abgesetzt, besteht ein 90-fach erhöhtes Risiko für einen Myokardinfarkt durch Stentthrombose. Die Letalität des perioperativen Koronarsyndroms übersteigt dabei deutlich das der perioperativen Blutungskomplikation. Muss die notwendige Plättchenhemmung unterbrochen werden, so ist ein „Bridging“ mit kurzwirksamen i. v.-GPIIb/IIIa-Antagonisten möglich.
Für Patienten mit erhöhtem koronarvaskulärem Risiko wurde in den letzten Jahren eine konsequente perioperative β-Adrenorezeptorblockade empfohlen – derzeit auch bei Patienten mit mittlerem oder geringem Risiko. Aktuelle Studien belegen indes, dass Patienten mit β-Blockade aufgrund von Bradykardie, Hypotonie und Anämie eine erhöhte perioperative Letalität haben. Anämie und Hypotonie muss bei diesen Patienten konsequent vermieden werden.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass die Anästhesietechnik Einfluss auf den postoperativen Verlauf auch von Tumorerkrankungen hat. Hier bieten kombinierte Techniken mit Periduralanästhesie Vorteile, vermutlich deshalb, weil weniger Opioide und volatile Anästhetika verwendet werden und das Immunsystem und körpereigene Tumorabwehr weniger supprimiert werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aktuelle anästhesiologische Aspekte bei urologischen Patienten
verfasst von
Dr. O. Groll
J. Peters
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 9/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-010-2362-0

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