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Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie 3/2018

16.04.2018 | Leitthema

Aktuelles zur Nierenlebendspende

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. Sommerer, MSc

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Nierenlebendspende stellt für den Großteil der Transplantatempfänger die beste Behandlungsoption dar. In Deutschland herrscht das grundsätzliche Problem des Mangels an Organspenden. Die Anzahl der Verstorbenenspenden hat einen historischen Tiefstand erreicht. Zusätzlich ist die Gesamtzahl der Nierenlebendspenden in Deutschland seit 2011 rückläufig. Im Jahr 2017 wurden die revidierten KDIGO(Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes)-Leitlinien zur Vorbereitung und Nachsorge des Nierenlebendspenders veröffentlicht, die eine sorgfältige somatische und psychische Evaluation umfassen. Die Auswahl eines Lebendspender sollte immer das individuelle Lebenszeitrisiko des potenziellen Spenders beachten. Intensive Diskussionen haben in den vergangenen Jahren Publikationen zum Thema Niereninsuffizienz und Mortalität nach Nierenlebendspende hervorgerufen. Nach jetzigem Stand scheint eine Nierenlebendspende keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Mortalität der Spender auch im Vergleich zu gesunden Nichtspendern zu haben. Das Risiko für das Eintreten eines terminalen Nierenversagens erscheint, verglichen mit gesunden Kontrollen, allerdings höher. Lebendnierenspenden bei AB0-Inkompatibilität werden heutzutage in vielen Transplantationszentren erfolgreich durchgeführt. Kontrovers diskutiert wird die Nierenlebendspende bei vorliegender Immunisierung gegen den Spender, d. h. bei Vorliegen spenderspezifischer HLA-Antikörper.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aktuelles zur Nierenlebendspende
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. Sommerer, MSc
Publikationsdatum
16.04.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-018-0243-5

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