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Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie 11/2019

17.09.2019 | Methotrexat | Leitthema

Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen mit Niereninsuffizienz

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. S. M. Weiner

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 11/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen weisen nicht selten eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion auf, mit hieraus resultierendem erhöhtem Risiko für medikamenteninduzierte Nebenwirkungen.

Methoden

Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche zur Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen bei Niereninsuffizienz durchgeführt, mit speziellem Fokus auf die medikamentöse Therapie und das perioperative Management.

Ergebnisse

Die Niereninsuffizienz potenziert das ohnehin bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Risiko, führt zu einem beschleunigten Knochenmasseverlust und verschlechtert die Immunabwehr. Die perioperative kardiovaskuläre und infektiöse Komplikationsrate und das Risiko für ein akutes Nierenversagen sind erhöht. Gleichzeitig beeinflusst die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion die Pharmakokinetik vieler bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen verwendeter Medikamente. Insbesondere Methotrexat ist aufgrund der Pharmakokinetik bei einer geschätzten glomerulären Filtrationsrate (eGFR) <45 ml/min kontraindiziert. Nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) und Coxibe sollten bei Niereninsuffizienz möglichst vermieden und – wenn erforderlich – nur mit Vorsicht für kurze Zeit und in niedrigster effektiver Dosis eingesetzt werden. In der Osteoporosetherapie sind Antiresorptiva bei schwergradiger Niereninsuffizienz mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine adyname Knochenerkrankung verbunden und deren Einsatz deshalb umstritten.

Schlussfolgerung

Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen und Niereninsuffizienz bedürfen einer Anpassung der medikamentösen Therapie und eines speziellen perioperativen Managements, was im optimalen Falle durch eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von internistischen Rheumatologen, Nephrologen und Orthopäden zu gewährleisten ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen mit Niereninsuffizienz
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. S. M. Weiner
Publikationsdatum
17.09.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 11/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-019-03807-5

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