Background
Methods
Participants
Measures
Alcohol consumption
Covariates
Antiretroviral (ART) adherence
Viral suppression
Data analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics | No. (column %) |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 393 (63) |
Female | 226 (37) |
Race | |
Non-Hispanic White | 137 (22) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 346 (56) |
Hispanic | 112 (18) |
Other | 24 (4) |
Age group | |
18–34 | 92 (15) |
35–44 | 125 (20) |
45–54 | 246 (40) |
≥55 | 156 (25) |
Education | |
<High school | 205 (33) |
High school or equivalent | 189 (31) |
>High school | 222 (36) |
Homelessness | |
No | 513 (84) |
Yes | 96 (16) |
Current smoking | |
No | 280 (47) |
Yes | 313 (53) |
Any illicit drug use | |
No | 236 (42) |
Yes | 328 (58) |
Current depressive symptoms | |
No | 416 (69) |
Yes | 188 (31) |
Current anxiety symptoms | |
No | 428 (71) |
Yes | 174 (29) |
Current ART use | |
No | 35 (6) |
Yes | 579 (94) |
Current ART adherence | |
<95% | 177 (32) |
≥95% | 371 (68) |
Durable viral load suppression | |
≤200 copies/ml | 369 (60) |
>200 copies/ml | 250 (40) |
Drinking status | |
Abstinence | 184 (30) |
Low, non-binge drinking | 226 (37) |
Binge drinking only | 155 (25) |
Heavy drinking | 54 (9) |
Characteristic | Drinking status (past year) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | N (Row %) | p value | ||||
Abstinence | Low | Binge only | Heavy | |||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 393 (63) | 95 (24) | 163 (41) | 103 (26) | 32 (8) | <.001 |
Female | 226 (37) | 89 (39) | 63 (28) | 52 (23) | 22 (10) | |
Race | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 137 (22) | 40 (29) | 48 (35) | 34 (25) | 15 (11) | .95 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 346 (56) | 106 (31) | 122 (35) | 88 (25) | 30 (9) | |
Hispanic | 112 (18) | 30 (27) | 47 (42) | 27 (24) | 8 (7) | |
Other | 24 (4) | 8 (33) | 9 (38) | 6 (25) | 1 (4) | |
Age group | ||||||
18–34 | 92 (15) | 17 (18) | 41 (45) | 26 (28) | 8 (9) | .45 |
35–44 | 125 (20) | 39 (31) | 43 (34) | 33 (26) | 10 (8) | |
45–54 | 246 (40) | 79 (32) | 83 (34) | 59 (24) | 25 (10) | |
≥55 | 156 (25) | 49 (31) | 59 (38) | 37 (24) | 11 (7) | |
Education | ||||||
<High school | 205 (33) | 69 (34) | 50 (24) | 57 (28) | 29 (14) | <.001 |
High school or equivalent | 189 (31) | 52 (28) | 77 (41) | 48 (25) | 12 (6) | |
>High school | 222 (36) | 60 (27) | 99 (45) | 50 (33) | 13 (6) | |
Homelessness | ||||||
No | 513 (84) | 154 (30) | 194 (38) | 122 (24) | 43 (8) | .08 |
Yes | 96 (16) | 23 (24) | 29 (30) | 33 (34) | 11 (11) | |
Current smoking | ||||||
No | 280 (47) | 97 (35) | 112 (40) | 58 (21) | 13 (5) | <.001 |
Yes | 313 (53) | 77 (25) | 105 (34) | 92 (29) | 39 (12) | |
Any illicit drug use | ||||||
No | 236 (42) | 99 (42) | 80 (34) | 46 (19) | 11 (5) | <.001 |
Yes | 328 (58) | 54 (16) | 132 (40) | 101 (31) | 41 (13) | |
Current depressive symptoms | ||||||
No | 416 (69) | 127 (31) | 156 (38) | 106 (25) | 27 (6) | .08 |
Yes | 188 (31) | 53 (28) | 63 (34) | 48 (26) | 24 (13) | |
Current anxiety symptoms | ||||||
No | 428 (71) | 123 (29) | 170 (40) | 104 (24) | 31 (7) | .04 |
Yes | 174 (29) | 54 (31) | 50 (29) | 49 (28) | 21 (12) | |
Current ART Adherencea
| ||||||
<95% | 177 (32) | 32 (18) | 64 (36) | 59 (33) | 22 (12) | <.001 |
≥95% | 371 (68) | 130 (35) | 136 (37) | 82 (22) | 23 (6) | |
Durable ART suppression | ||||||
≤200 copies/ml | 369 (60) | 121 (33) | 135 (37) | 91 (25) | 22 (6) | .01 |
>200 copies/ml | 250 (40) | 63 (25) | 91 (36) | 64 (26) | 32 (13) |
Characteristic | Crude estimates | Adjusted estimates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p value | AOR | 95% CI | p value | |
Gender (ref = male) | ||||||
Female | 0.83 | 0.60–1.17 | .29 | 0.72 | 0.49–1.06 | .09 |
Race (ref = Non-Hispanic White) | ||||||
Non-Hispanic Black | 2.04 | 1.34–3.10 | .69 | 1.85 | 1.17–2.94 | .009 |
Hispanic | 1.12 | 0.65 | <.001 | 1.08 | 0.60 | .80 |
Other | 0.93 | 0.36 | .88 | 0.71 | 0.26 | .51 |
Age group (ref ≥ 55) | ||||||
18–34 | 3.77 | 2.18–6.51 | <.001 | 3.99 | 2.21–7.20 | <.001 |
35–44 | 2.95 | 1.78–4.87 | <.001 | 2.80 | 1.64–4.76 | <.001 |
45–54 | 1.82 | 1.17–2.84 | .007 | 1.69 | 1.06–2.69 | .03 |
Education (ref > high school) | ||||||
<High school | 2.11 | 1.42–3.14 | <.001 | 1.79 | 1.13–2.84 | .01 |
High school or equivalent | 1.74 | 1.16–2.60 | .007 | 1.48 | 0.95–2.31 | .09 |
Homelessness (ref = no) | ||||||
Yes | 2.38 | 1.53–3.71 | <.001 | 1.87 | 1.14–3.07 | .01 |
Current smoking (ref = no) | ||||||
Yes | 2.00 | 1.43–2.80 | <.001 | 1.46 | 0.99–2.16 | .06 |
Illicit drug use (ref = no) | ||||||
Yes | 1.46 | 1.04–2.06 | .03 | 1.17 | 0.78–1.75 | .44 |
Depressive symptoms (ref = no) | ||||||
Yes | 1.02 | 0.72–1.45 | .92 | – | – | – |
Anxiety symptoms (ref = no) | ||||||
Yes | 1.27 | 0.89–1.81 | .19 | – | – | – |
Drinking status (ref = abstinence) | ||||||
Low drinking | 1.29 | 0.86–1.94 | .21 | 1.19 | 0.76–1.88 | .45 |
Binge drinking only | 1.35 | 0.87–2.10 | .18 | 1.04 | 0.64–1.70 | .87 |
Heavy drinking | 2.79 | 1.50–5.21 | .001 | 2.16 | 1.08–4.32 | .03 |
Low drinking | Binge only | Heavy drinking | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct effect | 0.97 (0.76, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.26) | 1.61 (1.16, 2.05)* |
Indirect effect | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.10)* | 1.05 (1.00, 1.13)* |
Total effect | 0.97 (0.75, 1.20) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.32) | 1.70 (1.24, 2.18)* |