Background
Methods
Search strategy
Domain | Search term | Search strategy |
---|---|---|
P-Patient | - “Alcoholic hepatitis” | #1 |
- “Alcoholic liver disease” | #2 | |
- “Alcoholic cirrhosis” | #3 | |
- “Liver transplantation” | #4 | |
- “Hepatic transplantation” | #5 | |
All P | #6 | #1 OR #2 OR #3 AND #4 OR #5 |
E-Exposure (I-intervention/C-comparator) | - Gender | #7 |
- Sex | #8 | |
#9 | #7 OR #8 | |
- Age | #10 | |
- “Marital status” | #11 | |
- Divorced | #12 | |
#13 | #11 OR #12 | |
- “Socioeconomic status” | #14 | |
- Income | #15 | |
- Education | #16 | |
#17 | #14 OR #15 OR #16 | |
- “Alcohol dependence” | #18 | |
- Depression | #19 | |
- “Drug use” | #20 | |
- “Substance use” | #21 | |
- “Substance abuse” | #22 | |
- substance | #23 | |
#24 | #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 | |
- Family history of alcohol | #25 | |
- Alcohol abstinence | #26 | |
- Alcohol cessation | #27 | |
- Alcohol quit | #28 | |
- Alcohol stop | #29 | |
- Alcohol sobriety | #30 | |
#31 | #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 | |
- Rehabilitation | #32 | |
- High Risk Alcoholism Relapse | #33 | |
- HRAR | #34 | |
#35 | #33 OR #34 | |
All E | #36 | #9 OR #10 OR #13 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #24 OR #25 OR #31 OR #32 OR #35 |
O-Outcome | - Alcohol relapse | #37 |
- Alcohol recurrence | #38 | |
- Recidivism | #39 | |
All O | #40 | #37 OR #38 OR #39 |
Overall | #6 AND #36 AND #40 |
Study selection
Inclusion criteria
Studies were eligible if they met all of the following criteria
-
The study was an observational design including cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control study published as an original article.
-
The work studied adult patients aged over 18 years with alcoholic liver disease who underwent any type of LT.
-
Reporting any of the following outcomes: alcohol relapse or alcohol recurrence.
-
The study assessed association between alcohol relapse and any risk factor including seven domains as follows: demographic data, psychiatric conditions, socioeconomic status, family support, alcohol abstinence, rehabilitation program, and high-risk alcohol relapse (HRAR) scale [28].
Exclusion criteria
-
Non-English articles that cannot be translated.
-
Studies with multi-organ transplantation.
-
Insufficient data for extraction.
Outcome of interest
Data extraction
Quality and risk of bias assessment
Author | Year | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | C | O1 | O2 | O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starzl TE [30] | 1988 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Bird GLA [12] | 1990 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Kumar S [31] | 1990 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Doffoel M[32] | 1992 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Knechtle SJ [33] | 1992 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Lucey MR [34] | 1992 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Berlakovich GA [35] | 1994 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Howard L [36] | 1994 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Osorio RW [37] | 1994 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Gerhardt TC [38] | 1996 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Tringali RA [39] | 1996 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Tripp LE [40] | 1996 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Zibari GB [41] | 1996 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Anand AC [42] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Coffman KL [43] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Everson G [44] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||
Foster PF [24] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Lucey MR [45] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Reeck UH [46] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||||
Shakil AO [47] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Stefanini GF [48] | 1997 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
DiMartini A [49] | 1998 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||||
Fabrega E [50] | 1998 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Heinemann A [51] | 1998 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Tang H [52] | 1998 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | |||
Conjeevaram HS [53] | 1999 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Gledhill J [54] | 1999 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Newton SE [55] | 1999 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||||
Pageaux GP [18] | 1999 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Romano DR [56] | 1999 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Abosh D [57] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||||
Berlakovich GA [58] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Burra P [59] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
DiMartini A [60] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Jain A [61] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Pereira SP [62] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Platz KP [21] | 2000 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Bellamy CO [63] | 2001 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
DiMartini A [64] | 2001 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Gish RG [65] | 2001 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Karman JF [66] | 2001 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Mackie J [15] | 2001 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Tome S [67] | 2002 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Berlakovich GA [68] | 2004 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Jauhar S [14] | 2004 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | |||
Miguet M [69] | 2004 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Björnsson E [20] | 2005 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Cuadrado A [10] | 2005 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
DiMartini A [70] | 2006 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Hwang S [71] | 2006 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Kelly M [72] | 2006 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
De Gottardi A [29] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Dumortier J [73] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Newton SE [74] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Nickels M [75] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Pfitzmann R [8] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Vieira A [76] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Wells JT [77] | 2007 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Gedaly R [23] | 2008 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Immordino G [17] | 2009 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Tandon P [26] | 2009 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Biselli M [78] | 2010 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Chen GH [79] | 2010 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
DiMartini A [80] | 2010 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Karim Z [81] | 2010 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Hartl J [82] | 2011 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Mathurin P [7] | 2011 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Schmeding M [9] | 2011 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Staufer K [83] | 2011 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Faure S [84] | 2012 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Addolorato G [85] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Deruytter E [86] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Kawaguchi Y [87] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Park YH [19] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||
Rice JP [88] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||
Rodrigue JR [89] | 2013 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Egawa H [16] | 2014 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Grąt M [90] | 2014 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||
Piano S [91] | 2014 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Dumortier J [92] | 2015 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Hasanin M [93] | 2015 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Satapathy SK [94] | 2015 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ||
Zhou M [28] | 2015 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Askgaard G [95] | 2016 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Hajifathalian K [96] | 2016 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |||
Im GY [97] | 2016 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | |||
Kollmann D [98] | 2016 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Lee BP [99] | 2017 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | |
Onishi Y [100] | 2017 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Wigg AJ [101] | 2017 | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹✹ | ✹ | ✹ | ✹ |
Statistical analysis
Results
Search result
Study characteristics
Author | Year | Type of study | Region of study | Mean age (years) | Number of population | Number of any relapse | Number of heavy relapse | Follow-up time (months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starzl TE [30] | 1988 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | - | 35 | 2 | - | 24 |
Bird GL [12] | 1990 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 18 | 4 | - | - |
Kumar S [31] | 1990 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 48.2 | 52 | 6 | 2 | 25 |
Doffoel M [32] | 1992 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 57 | 19 | - | - |
Knechtle SJ [33] | 1992 | Case-control | US-Canada | 51 | 32 | 4 | - | - |
Lucey MR [34] | 1992 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 44 | 45 | 5 | 2 | 15 |
Berlakovich GA[35] | 1994 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 47.6 | 44 | 14 | 7 | 33 |
Howard L [36] | 1994 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 50 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 34 |
Osorio RW [37] | 1994 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47 | 37 | 7 | 3 | 21 |
Gerhardt TC [38] | 1996 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49 | 41 | 20 | 2 | 47 |
Tringali RA [39] | 1996 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47.4 | 58 | 12 | 10 | 28 |
Tripp LE [40] | 1996 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49 | 68 | 9 | 5 | - |
Zibari GB [41] | 1996 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47 | 29 | 2 | - | - |
Anand AC [42] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 47.5 | 39 | 5 | - | 25 |
Coffman KL [43] | 1997 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | - | 91 | 18 | - | - |
Everson G [44] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 53 | 62 | 11 | 6 | 12 |
Foster PF [24] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 48.6 | 63 | 13 | - | 49.3 |
Lucey MR [45] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 46 | 50 | 17 | - | 63 |
Reeck UH [46] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 52 | 6 | - | - |
Shakil AO [47] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 41 | 8 | 3 | - | - |
Stefanini GF [48] | 1997 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 47 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 48 |
DiMartini A [49] | 1998 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49.5 | 63 | 15 | - | - |
Fabrega E [50] | 1998 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 49 | 44 | 8 | - | 37.8 |
Heinemann A [51] | 1998 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 45.6 | 13 | 4 | - | - |
Tang H [52] | 1998 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48 | 56 | 28 | 9 | 24 |
Conjeevaram HS [53] | 1999 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47 | 68 | 8 | 8 | - |
Gledhill J [54] | 1999 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48 | 31 | 7 | - | 13.5 |
Newton SE [55] | 1999 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47 | 122 | 33 | - | 62 |
Pageaux GP [18] | 1999 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48.8 | 47 | 15 | 5 | 42.1 |
Romano DR [56] | 1999 | Case-control | Europe | 47.6 | 152 | 7 | - | - |
Abosh D [57] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 50 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Berlakovich GA [58] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 118 | 15 | - | 53.7 |
Burra P [59] | 2000 | Prospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 48 | 34 | 11 | 4 | 40.1 |
DiMartini A [60] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 50 | 72 | 4 | 1 | - |
Jain A [61] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 50.8 | 185 | 37 | 1 | 94 |
Pereira SP [62] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 51 | 56 | 28 | 15 | 30 |
Platz KP [21] | 2000 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 117 | 30 | - | - |
Bellamy CO [63] | 2001 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 53 | 123 | 13 | - | 84 |
DiMartini A [64] | 2001 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | - | 36 | 8 | - | - |
Gish RG [65] | 2001 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | 47 | 61 | 12 | - | 82.8 |
Karman JF [66] | 2001 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49 | 19 | 4 | - | 36 |
Mackie J [15] | 2001 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 51 | 46 | 21 | 3 | 25 |
Tome S [67] | 2002 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 51 | 68 | 7 | 2 | 38 |
Berlakovich GA [68] | 2004 | Case-control | Europe | 51.5 | 44 | 3 | - | 43.5 |
Jauhar S [14] | 2004 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 51 | 11 | 17 | 15 | 44.1 |
Miguet M [69] | 2004 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 48.7 | 51 | 13 | 9 | 35.7 |
Björnsson E [20] | 2005 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 53 | 93 | 32 | 7 | 31 |
Cuadrado A [10] | 2005 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48.9 | 54 | 14 | 14 | 99.2 |
DiMartini A [70] | 2006 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49.7 | 167 | 70 | 43 | - |
Hwang S [71] | 2006 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 50 | 15 | 3 | - | 41 |
Kelly M [72] | 2006 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 50.1 | 90 | 28 | 18 | 67 |
De Gottardi A [29] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 51.3 | 387 | 46 | 46 | 61.2 |
Dumortier J [73] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 50 | 305 | 37 | 37 | 63 |
Newton SE [74] | 2007 | Cross sectional | US-Canada | - | 18 | 4 | - | - |
Nickels M [75] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 48.8 | 27 | 8 | - | 23.4 |
Pfitzmann R [8] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 51.2 | 290 | 56 | 23 | 89 |
Vieira A [76] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | Other(Brazil) | 47 | 17 | 2 | - | 29.6 |
Wells JT [77] | 2007 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 50.3 | 148 | 24 | 20 | 90.5 |
Gedaly R [23] | 2008 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 52 | 142 | 27 | - | 41.2 |
Immordino G [17] | 2009 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 53.2 | 110 | 13 | - | - |
Tandon P [26] | 2009 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 52 | 171 | 41 | 22 | 64.8 |
Biselli M [78] | 2010 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48 | 49 | 13 | 3 | 58 |
Chen GH [79] | 2010 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 52.8 | 16 | 1 | - | 32.4 |
DiMartini A [80] | 2010 | Prospective Cohort | US-Canada | 52 | 208 | 95 | - | - |
Karim Z [81] | 2010 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 50.5 | 80 | 8 | 8 | - |
Hartl J [82] | 2011 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 52.5 | 109 | 17 | - | 31 |
Mathurin P [7] | 2011 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 47.4 | 26 | 3 | 2 | 20 |
Schmeding M [9] | 2011 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 48.9 | 271 | 73 | 73 | - |
Staufer K [83] | 2011 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 53.5 | 141 | 28 | - | - |
Faure S [84] | 2012 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 51 | 206 | 90 | 50 | 81.7 |
Addolorato G [85] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 49.4 | 92 | 22 | - | - |
Deruytter E [86] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 56 | 108 | 31 | 17 | 55 |
Kawaguchi Y [87] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 52 | 13 | 1 | - | 38 |
Park YH [19] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 52 | 18 | 3 | 2 | 57 |
Rice JP [88] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 49.3 | 300 | 48 | 16 | 82 |
Rodrigue JR [107] | 2013 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 55 | 118 | 40 | 12 | 55 |
Egawa H [16] | 2014 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 35 | 140 | 32 | 21 | 44 |
Grąt M [90] | 2014 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 46 | 66 | 22 | - | 88.8 |
Piano S [91] | 2014 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 60 | 23 | 5 | - | - |
Dumortier J [92] | 2015 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 47.2 | 712 | 128 | 128 | 63 |
Hasanin M [93] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | US-Canada | - | 45 | 8 | - | - |
Satapathy SK [94] | 2015 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 54 | 148 | 16 | 16 | 112.8 |
Zhou M [28] | 2015 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 54.2 | 35 | 6 | - | - |
Askgaard G [95] | 2016 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | 54 | 156 | 35 | 35 | - |
Hajifathalian K [96] | 2016 | Prospective Cohort | Europe | 56 | 19 | 4 | - | 40.8 |
Im GY [97] | 2016 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 41 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 24.5 |
Kollmann D [98] | 2016 | Retrospective Cohort | Europe | - | 382 | 16 | - | 73 |
Lee BP [99] | 2017 | Retrospective Cohort | US-Canada | 51.4 | 31 | 11 | 7 | 19.2 |
Onishi Y [100] | 2017 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 46 | 7 | 1 | - | 60 |
Wigg AJ [101] | 2017 | Retrospective Cohort | Asia Pacific | 50 | 87 | 18 | 14 | 52 |
The incidence of alcohol relapse
Pooled risk factors of alcohol relapse
Author | Year | Demographic factors | Risk behavior factors | Social factors | Comorbidity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kumar S [31] | 1990 | - | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Osorio RW [37] | 1994 | Male Unmarried Unemployed | Substance use | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | Psychiatric disease |
Gerhardt TC [38] | 1996 | - | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Tringali RA [39] | 1996 | - | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Foster PF [24] | 1997 | Family history of alcohol use | Substance use | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | - |
Lucey MR [45] | 1997 | Male | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Shakil AO [47] | 1997 | Male | - | - | - |
Tang H [52] | 1998 | Male | - | - | - |
Conjeevaram HS [53] | 1999 | Male | - | - | - |
Newton SE [55] | 1999 | - | Substance use | - | - |
Pageaux GP [18] | 1999 | Male Unmarried Unemployed | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Burra P [59] | 2000 | Unmarried Family history of alcohol use | Substance use Alcohol dependence | Rehabilitation | - |
Jain A [61] | 2000 | - | - | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | - |
Mackie J [15] | 2001 | Male Unmarried Lack of social support Low SES Family history of alcohol use | Smoking | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Jauhar S [14] | 2004 | Male Unmarried Unemployed | Substance use | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | Psychiatric disease |
Björnsson E [20] | 2005 | - | - | Rehabilitation | - |
Cuadrado A [10] | 2005 | Male | - | - | |
Hwang S [71] | 2006 | - | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Kelly M [72] | 2006 | Unmarried Lack of social support Unemployed | Substance use | Abstinence < 6months | Psychiatric disease Depression |
De Gottardi A [29] | 2007 | Age < 50 years Male Unmarried Low SES Unemployed | High HRAR | Abstinence < 6months | Psychiatric disease |
Nickels M [75] | 2007 | Age < 50 years Male | Alcohol dependence | - | Depression |
Pfitzmann R [8] | 2007 | Age < 50 years Male Unmarried | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Karim Z [81] | 2010 | Age < 50 years Male Unmarried Low SES Unemployed | Smoking Substance use | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | Psychiatric disease |
Hartl J [82] | 2011 | - | Smoking | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | - |
Addolorato G [85] | 2013 | - | - | Rehabilitation | - |
Deruytter E [86] | 2013 | Age < 50 years Male Unmarried Unemployed Family history of alcohol use | Smoking Alcohol dependence | - | Psychiatric disease |
Kawaguchi Y [87] | 2013 | Male | High HRAR | - | - |
Park YH [19] | 2013 | Male | - | Abstinence < 6months | - |
Rice JP [88] | 2013 | Male | - | - | - |
Rodrigue JR [89] | 2013 | Lack of social support | Smoking | Abstinence < 6months Rehabilitation | - |
Egawa H [16] | 2014 | Male Unmarried Lack of social support Unemployed | Smoking High HRAR | Abstinence < 6months | Psychiatric disease |
Zhou M [28] | 2015 | - | High HRAR | - | - |
Askgaard G [95] | 2016 | Male Unmarried Unemployed Family history of alcohol use | Smoking Alcohol dependence | Abstinence < 6 months | Depression |
Im GY [97] | 2016 | Male Unmarried Family history of alcohol use | Smoking | - | Psychiatric disease |
Lee BP [99] | 2017 | Male | - | - | - |
Onishi Y [100] | 2017 | Age < 50 years Male | - | - | - |
Wigg AJ [101] | 2017 | Male Unmarried Lack of social support Unemployed Family history of alcohol use | Smoking Substance use | Rehabilitation | Psychiatric disease |
Factors | N | OR | 95%CI | Pooling method | I2 | Egger test (P-value) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | ||||||
Age < 50 years | 6 | 1.16 | 0.43 - 3.15 | Random effect | 75.2 | 0.55 |
Sex (male) | 23 | 0.89 | 0.69 - 1.11 | Fixed effect | 21.7 | 0.43 |
Unmarried | 14 | 1.84 | 1.39 - 2.43 | Fixed effect | 14.6 | 0.57 |
Lack of social support | 5 | 1.78 | 0.72 - 4.38 | Random effect | 49.5 | 0.18 |
Low SES | 3 | 0.99 | 0.15 - 6.50 | Random effect | 86.3 | 0.28 |
Unemployed | 10 | 1.33 | 0.93 - 1.89 | Fixed effect | 7.7 | 0.74 |
Family history of alcohol use | 7 | 1.49 | 0.94 - 2.36 | Fixed effect | 23.0 | 0.50 |
Risk behavior factors | ||||||
Smoking | 9 | 1.72 | 1.21 - 2.46 | Fixed effect | 0 | 0.69 |
Substance use | 8 | 1.06 | 0.48 - 2.34 | Random effect | 58.5 | 0.71 |
Alcohol dependence | 4 | 1.22 | 0.43 - 3.40 | Random effect | 61.8 | 0.15 |
High HRAR | 4 | 2.93 | 0.30 - 28.64 | Random effect | 79.6 | 0.18 |
Social factors | ||||||
Abstinence < 6 months | 20 | 2.76 | 2.10 - 3.61 | Fixed effect | 18.1 | 0.02 |
Rehabilitation program | 11 | 1.10 | 0.59 - 2.04 | Random effect | 67 | 0.71 |
Comorbidity | ||||||
Psychiatric disease | 9 | 3.46 | 1.87 - 6.39 | Random effect | 40.6 | 0.02 |
Depression | 3 | 2.13 | 0.49 - 9.25 | Random effect | 54.4 | 0.60 |