Background
Methods
Procedure and participants
Register data
Measurement of alcohol use
Potential confounders
Statistical analyses
Results
Participants | Events 2000-2010 | Events 2004-2010 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2051 | N = 1633 | |||
N | % | % | % | |
Alcohol use as predictor | ||||
Lifelong abstainer | 227 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 |
Former drinker | 498 | 13.5 | 14.2 | 14.6 |
User, alcohol portions/week
| ||||
Light (1 − 6 (men), 1 − 4 (women) | 1406 | 38.6 | 37.6 | 38.2 |
Moderate (7 − 22 (men), 5 − 11 (women) | 945 | 27.8 | 27.1 | 26.8 |
High-volume drinker (≥ 23 (men), ≥12 (women) | 397 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 |
Participants with an alcohol use disorder | 193 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 |
All | 3666 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Covariates | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 42.7 (7.5) | 43.4 (7.3) | 43.4 (7.3) | |
Gender, men | 1739 | 47.6 | 45.9 | 42.1 |
Marital status, single vs. married/co-habiting | 851 | 23.3 | 24.1 | 23.5 |
Chronic musculoskeletal disorders ≥ 1 | 1004 | 27.5 | 32.3 | 31.4 |
Other chronic somatic disorders ≥ 1 | 1243 | 33.8 | 37.5 | 36.8 |
Common mental disorders ≥ 1 | 526 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 17.3 |
Other health behaviour
| ||||
BMI ≥ 30 | 639 | 17.6 | 20.5 | 20.9 |
Daily smoking, yes vs. no | 996 | 27.3 | 31.0 | 30.3 |
Leisure time exercise, passive vs. active | 926 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 26.2 |
Occupational factors
| ||||
Educational level ≤ 9 yrs. | 651 | 17.5 | 20.4 | 18.3 |
Job strain, yes vs. no | 525 | 14.4 | 16.3 | 15.9 |
Occupational active; yes vs. no | 3378 | 92.4 | 92.9 | 93.7 |
Physically strenuous work; yes vs. no | 939 | 25.6 | 30.6 | 29.5 |
Lifelong abstainer | Former drinker | Light drinker | Moderate drinker | High-volume drinker | Participants with an alcohol use disorder | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | % (95% CI)a | |
Men | 29.6 (24.6 − 30.6) | 30.1 (28.0 − 32.2) | 38.7 (37.4 − 40.0) | 62.1 (60.6 − 63.6) | 60.8 (58.1 − 63.5) | 79.8 (58.1 − 63.5) | 47.5 (46.7 − 48.3) |
Age > 45 yrs. | 48.0 (44.7 − 51.3) | 34.7 (32.6 − 36.8) | 37.4 (36.1 − 38.7) | 39.2 (37.7 − 40.7) | 43.8 (41.1 − 46.5) | 30.1 (26.8 − 33.4) | 38.4 (37.6 − 39.2) |
Educational level ≤ 9 yrs. | 25.3 (22.4 − 28.2) | 20.1 (18.3 − 21.9) | 14.2 (13.3 − 15.1) | 19.6 (18.4 − 20.8) | 19.5 (17.3 − 21.7) | 16.1 (13.5 − 18.7) | 17.7 (17.1 − 18.3) |
Physically strenuous work; yes | 36.4 (33.2 − 39.6) | 27.7 (25.7 − 29.7) | 22.4 (21.3 − 23.5) | 25.6 (24.2 − 26.9) | 26.4 (24.0 − 28.9) | 30.1 (26.2 − 33.4) | 25.6 (24.9 − 26.3) |
Occupational active; yes | 88.0 (85.8 − 90.2) | 87.4 (85.9 − 88.9) | 93.7 (93.1 − 94.4) | 95.5 (94.8 − 96.1) | 90.0 (88.3 − 91.7) | 85.0 (82.4 − 87.6) | 92.2 (91.8 − 92.6) |
Current smoker; yes | 10.7 (8.7 − 12.7) | 27.5 (25.5 − 29.5) | 19.3 (18.2 − 20.3) | 30.8 (29.3 − 32.3) | 46.8 (44.0 − 49.6) | 50.3 (46.7 − 53.9) | 27.2 (26.4 − 27.9) |
Alcohol use and all-cause sickness absence
Adjusted for following baseline characteristics: | Model 1 Age | Model 2 Age, marital status, education, other health behavior and occupational factors | Model 3 All aforementioned, musculoskeletal and mental disorders and other diseases/disorders | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference = 1 | Events | HRa | 95% CIB | HRa | 95% CIb | HRa | 95% CIb |
For any cause (N = 2051)
| |||||||
Lifelong abstainer | 116 | 0.86 | 0.71, 1.05 | 0.83 | 0.68, 1.02 | 0.82 | 0.67, 1.00 |
Former drinker | 297 | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.30 | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.20 | 1.07 | 0.93, 1.22 |
Light drinker | 777 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Moderate drinker | 509 | 1.04 | 0.93,1.17 | 1.00 | 0.89, 1.11 | 0.94 | 0.87, 1.11 |
High-volume drinker | 230 | 1.15 | 0.98, 1.35 | 1.05 | 0.90, 1.24 | 1.05 | 0.89, 1.24 |
Participants with alcohol use disorder | 122 | 1.45 | 1.19, 1.76 | 1.35 | 1.11, 1.65 | 1.27 | 1.04, 1.54 |
Alcohol use and sickness absence due to mental and musculoskeletal disorders
Adjusted for following baseline characteristics: | Model 1 Age | Model 2 Age, marital status, education, other health behavior and occupational factors | Model 3 All aforementioned, musculoskeletal and mental disorders and other diseases/disorders | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference = 1 | Events | HRa | 95% CIb | HRa | 95% CIb | HRa | 95% CIb |
For mental disorders (N = 336)
| |||||||
Lifelong abstainer | 19 | 1.06 | 0.65, 1.72 | 1.09 | 0.67, 1.79 | 1.10 | 0.67, 1.80 |
Former drinker | 63 | 1.61 | 1.18, 2.19 | 1.56 | 1.14, 2.14 | 1.57 | 1.15, 2.15 |
Light drinker | 109 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Moderate drinker | 82 | 1.28 | 0.95, 1.71 | 1.23 | 0.92, 1.65 | 1.19 | 0.89, 1.59 |
High-volume drinker | 35 | 1.70 | 1.16, 2.50 | 1.57 | 1.06, 2.33 | 1.52 | 1.03, 2.25 |
Participants with alcohol use disorder | 28 | 3.05 | 1.98, 4.68 | 2.81 | 1.82, 4.35 | 2.16 | 1.39, 3.35 |
For musculoskeletal disorders (N = 737)
| |||||||
Lifelong abstainer | 44 | 0.89 | 0.65, 1.23 | 0.87 | 0.63, 1.19 | 0.89 | 0.64, 1.23 |
Former drinker | 127 | 1.29 | 1.05, 1.59 | 0.18 | 0.97, 1.48 | 1.21 | 0.98, 1.49 |
Light drinker | 288 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
Moderate drinker | 190 | 1.00 | 0.84, 1.20 | 0.95 | 0.79, 1.15 | 0.94 | 0.78, 1.14 |
High-volume drinker | 49 | 0.77 | 0.57, 1.04 | 0.74 | 0.55, 1.01 | 0.74 | 0.54, 1.00 |
Participants with alcohol use disorder | 39 | 1.26 | 0.90, 1.77 | 1.28 | 0.91, 1.63 | 1.23 | 0.87, 1.74 |