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Erschienen in: HNO 2/2020

22.01.2020 | Zytokine | Leitthema

Allergoonkologie: was Allergologen und Onkologen voneinander lernen können

Regulatorische T‑Zellen bei Allergie und Krebserkrankungen

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Christoph Bergmann

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 2/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Bei Allergien und Krebserkrankungen ist das Immunsystem wesentlich involviert. Die Komplexität des Immunsystems ist beim gesunden Menschen in einer ausgewogenen Balance, die sog. Immunhomöostase. Bei vielen Erkrankungen, wie auch bei Allergie und Krebs, ist diese Balance verschoben. Die Toleranz gegenüber fremden, aber ungefährlichen Stoffen, wie z. B. gegen Baum- oder Gräserpollen, ist beim allergischen Patienten nicht mehr hinreichend gegeben. Beim Krebspatienten ist das Immunsystem tolerant gegenüber den schädlichen Tumorzellen. Beide Erkrankungen zeigen in Bezug auf die Immuntoleranz ein entgegengesetztes Muster. Die Gruppe der regulatorischen T‑Zellen nimmt hier eine zentrale Position ein.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit der Funktion der regulatorischen T‑Zellen detailliert auseinander. Diese Immunzellgruppe und ihre Wechselwirkung mit anderen beteiligten Immunzellen und Botensignalen in der Pathophysiologie und Therapie der Allergie und der Krebserkrankung werden dargestellt.

Methoden

Es wurde eine Übersichtsarbeit anhand der entsprechenden Literatur erstellt.

Ergebnisse

Die regulatorischen T‑Zellen sind beim Krebspatienten ein Mechanismus des sog. Tumor-Flucht-Phänomens vor dem Immunsystem. Der Tumor nutzt Gefahrensignale, wie z. B. das Protein HMGB1, um durch diese Zellen eine Toleranz gegenüber dem Immunsystem zu entwickeln und der Elimination durch dieses zu entgehen. Beim Allergiepatienten ist diese Zellgruppe unterrepräsentiert und kann durch eine spezifische Immuntherapie induziert werden, um Toleranz gegen die Allergene und damit eine kausale Therapie zu erreichen.

Schlussfolgerung

Regulatorische T‑Zellen spielen in der Pathogenese von Krebs und Allergie eine wichtige Rolle und dienen als Ziel für die Therapie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Allergoonkologie: was Allergologen und Onkologen voneinander lernen können
Regulatorische T‑Zellen bei Allergie und Krebserkrankungen
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Christoph Bergmann
Publikationsdatum
22.01.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-019-00810-2

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