Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 6/2016

01.06.2016 | Genetics (V Bonifati, Section Editor)

ALS: Recent Developments from Genetics Studies

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 6/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder that is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. Most cases appear to be sporadic, but 5–10 % of cases have a family history of the disease. High-throughput DNA sequencing and related genomic capture tools are methodological advances which have rapidly contributed to an acceleration in the discovery of genetic risk factors for both familial and sporadic ALS. It is interesting to note that as the number of ALS genes grows, many of the proteins they encode are in shared intracellular processes. This review will summarize some of the recent advances and gene discovery made in ALS.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Robberecht W, Philips T. The changing scene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:248–64.CrossRefPubMed Robberecht W, Philips T. The changing scene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:248–64.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lattante S, Ciura S, Rouleau GA, Kabashi E. Defining the genetic connection linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Trends Genet. 2015;31:263–73.CrossRefPubMed Lattante S, Ciura S, Rouleau GA, Kabashi E. Defining the genetic connection linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Trends Genet. 2015;31:263–73.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ittner LM, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Götz J, Hodges JR, Kiernan MC. FTD and ALS--translating mouse studies into clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11:360–6.CrossRefPubMed Ittner LM, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Götz J, Hodges JR, Kiernan MC. FTD and ALS--translating mouse studies into clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11:360–6.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Chalabi A, Visscher PM. Motor neuron disease: common genetic variants and the heritability of ALS. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:549–50.CrossRefPubMed Al-Chalabi A, Visscher PM. Motor neuron disease: common genetic variants and the heritability of ALS. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:549–50.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Guerreiro R, Brás J, Hardy J. SnapShot: Genetics of ALS and FTD. Cell. 2015;160:798–798.e1. Guerreiro R, Brás J, Hardy J. SnapShot: Genetics of ALS and FTD. Cell. 2015;160:798–798.e1.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figlewicz DA, Sapp P, Hentati A, et al. Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature. 1993;362:59–62.CrossRefPubMed Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figlewicz DA, Sapp P, Hentati A, et al. Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature. 1993;362:59–62.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowling AC, Schulz JB, Brown RH, Beal MF. Superoxide dismutase activity, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem. 1993;61:2322–5.CrossRefPubMed Bowling AC, Schulz JB, Brown RH, Beal MF. Superoxide dismutase activity, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem. 1993;61:2322–5.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumann M, Sampathu DM, Kwong LK, Truax AC, Micsenyi MC, Chou TT, et al. Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2006;314:130–3.CrossRefPubMed Neumann M, Sampathu DM, Kwong LK, Truax AC, Micsenyi MC, Chou TT, et al. Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2006;314:130–3.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kabashi E, Valdmanis PN, Dion P, Spiegelman D, McConkey BJ, Vande Velde C, et al. TARDBP mutations in individuals with sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet. 2008;40:572–4.CrossRefPubMed Kabashi E, Valdmanis PN, Dion P, Spiegelman D, McConkey BJ, Vande Velde C, et al. TARDBP mutations in individuals with sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet. 2008;40:572–4.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Sreedharan J, Blair IP, Tripathi VB, Hu X, Vance C, Rogelj B, et al. TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2008;319:1668–72.CrossRefPubMed Sreedharan J, Blair IP, Tripathi VB, Hu X, Vance C, Rogelj B, et al. TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2008;319:1668–72.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Chalabi A, Jones A, Troakes C, King A, Al-Sarraj S, den Berg LH. The genetics and neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124:339–52.CrossRefPubMed Al-Chalabi A, Jones A, Troakes C, King A, Al-Sarraj S, den Berg LH. The genetics and neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124:339–52.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pickles S, Vande Velde C. Misfolded SOD1 and ALS: zeroing in on mitochondria. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2012;13:333–40.CrossRefPubMed Pickles S, Vande Velde C. Misfolded SOD1 and ALS: zeroing in on mitochondria. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2012;13:333–40.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Tafuri F, Ronchi D, Magri F, Comi GP, Corti S. SOD1 misplacing and mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:336.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tafuri F, Ronchi D, Magri F, Comi GP, Corti S. SOD1 misplacing and mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:336.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lagier-Tourenne C, Polymenidou M, Cleveland DW. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: emerging roles in RNA processing and neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19:R46–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lagier-Tourenne C, Polymenidou M, Cleveland DW. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: emerging roles in RNA processing and neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19:R46–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Vance C, Rogelj B, Hortobágyi T, De Vos KJ, Nishimura AL, Sreedharan J, et al. Mutations in FUS, an RNA processing protein, cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6. Science. 2009;323:1208–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Vance C, Rogelj B, Hortobágyi T, De Vos KJ, Nishimura AL, Sreedharan J, et al. Mutations in FUS, an RNA processing protein, cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6. Science. 2009;323:1208–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatkowski TJ, Bosco DA, LeClerc AL, Tamrazian E, Vanderburg CR, Russ C, et al. Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2009;323:1205–8.CrossRefPubMed Kwiatkowski TJ, Bosco DA, LeClerc AL, Tamrazian E, Vanderburg CR, Russ C, et al. Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science. 2009;323:1205–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang Y-D, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, et al. Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature. 2013;495:467–73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang Y-D, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, et al. Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature. 2013;495:467–73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y-Z, Bennett CL, Huynh HM, Blair IP, Puls I, Irobi J, et al. DNA/RNA helicase gene mutations in a form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4). Am J Hum Genet. 2004;74:1128–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chen Y-Z, Bennett CL, Huynh HM, Blair IP, Puls I, Irobi J, et al. DNA/RNA helicase gene mutations in a form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4). Am J Hum Genet. 2004;74:1128–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner MR, Hardiman O, Benatar M, Brooks BR, Chiò A, de Carvalho M, et al. Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:310–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Turner MR, Hardiman O, Benatar M, Brooks BR, Chiò A, de Carvalho M, et al. Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:310–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Schipper LJ, Raaphorst J, Aronica E, Baas F, de Haan R, de Visser M, et al. Prevalence of brain and spinal cord inclusions, including dipeptide repeat proteins, in patients with the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: a systematic neuropathological review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2015. doi:10.1111/nan.12284. Schipper LJ, Raaphorst J, Aronica E, Baas F, de Haan R, de Visser M, et al. Prevalence of brain and spinal cord inclusions, including dipeptide repeat proteins, in patients with the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: a systematic neuropathological review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2015. doi:10.​1111/​nan.​12284.
24.•
Zurück zum Zitat Patel A, Lee HO, Jawerth L, Maharana S, Jahnel M, Hein MY, et al. A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation. Cell. 2015;162:1066–77. Patel et al. reported how the prion domain of FUS forms liquid droplets that initiate aggregates formation and how mutant FUS protein could accelerate this process.CrossRefPubMed Patel A, Lee HO, Jawerth L, Maharana S, Jahnel M, Hein MY, et al. A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation. Cell. 2015;162:1066–77. Patel et al. reported how the prion domain of FUS forms liquid droplets that initiate aggregates formation and how mutant FUS protein could accelerate this process.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kato M, Han TW, Xie S, Shi K, Du X, Wu LC, et al. Cell-free formation of RNA granules: low complexity sequence domains form dynamic fibers within hydrogels. Cell. 2012;149:753–67.CrossRefPubMed Kato M, Han TW, Xie S, Shi K, Du X, Wu LC, et al. Cell-free formation of RNA granules: low complexity sequence domains form dynamic fibers within hydrogels. Cell. 2012;149:753–67.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Majcher V, Goode A, James V, Layfield R. Autophagy receptor defects and ALS-FTLD. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015;66:43–52.CrossRefPubMed Majcher V, Goode A, James V, Layfield R. Autophagy receptor defects and ALS-FTLD. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015;66:43–52.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rohrer JD, Isaacs AM, Mizielinska S, Mead S, Lashley T, Wray S, et al. C9orf72 expansions in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:291–301.CrossRefPubMed Rohrer JD, Isaacs AM, Mizielinska S, Mead S, Lashley T, Wray S, et al. C9orf72 expansions in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:291–301.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat DeJesus-Hernandez M, Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Baker M, Rutherford NJ, et al. Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS. Neuron. 2011;72:245–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral DeJesus-Hernandez M, Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Baker M, Rutherford NJ, et al. Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS. Neuron. 2011;72:245–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Renton AE, Majounie E, Waite A, Simón-Sánchez J, Rollinson S, Gibbs JR, et al. A Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 Is the Cause of Chromosome 9p21-Linked ALS-FTD. Neuron. 2011;72:257–68.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Renton AE, Majounie E, Waite A, Simón-Sánchez J, Rollinson S, Gibbs JR, et al. A Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 Is the Cause of Chromosome 9p21-Linked ALS-FTD. Neuron. 2011;72:257–68.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.•
Zurück zum Zitat Gómez-Tortosa E, Gallego J, Guerrero-López R, Marcos A, Gil-Neciga E, Sainz MJ, et al. C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansions of 20-22 repeats are associated with frontotemporal deterioration. Neurology. 2013;80:366–70. Gómez-Tortosa et al. were the first to suggest that intermediate repeat of GGGGCC in C9ORF72 could also be pathogenic.CrossRefPubMed Gómez-Tortosa E, Gallego J, Guerrero-López R, Marcos A, Gil-Neciga E, Sainz MJ, et al. C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansions of 20-22 repeats are associated with frontotemporal deterioration. Neurology. 2013;80:366–70. Gómez-Tortosa et al. were the first to suggest that intermediate repeat of GGGGCC in C9ORF72 could also be pathogenic.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Byrne S, Heverin M, Elamin M, Walsh C, Hardiman O. Intermediate repeat expansion length in C9orf72 may be pathological in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2014;15:148–50.CrossRefPubMed Byrne S, Heverin M, Elamin M, Walsh C, Hardiman O. Intermediate repeat expansion length in C9orf72 may be pathological in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2014;15:148–50.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper-Knock J, Higginbottom A, Connor-Robson N, Bayatti N, Bury JJ, Kirby J, et al. C9ORF72 transcription in a frontotemporal dementia case with two expanded alleles. Neurology. 2013;81:1719–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cooper-Knock J, Higginbottom A, Connor-Robson N, Bayatti N, Bury JJ, Kirby J, et al. C9ORF72 transcription in a frontotemporal dementia case with two expanded alleles. Neurology. 2013;81:1719–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Fratta P, Poulter M, Lashley T, Rohrer JD, Polke JM, Beck J, et al. Homozygosity for the C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat expansion in frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:401–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fratta P, Poulter M, Lashley T, Rohrer JD, Polke JM, Beck J, et al. Homozygosity for the C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat expansion in frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:401–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat La Spada AR, Paulson HL, Fischbeck KH. Trinucleotide repeat expansion in neurological disease. Ann Neurol. 1994;36:814–22.CrossRefPubMed La Spada AR, Paulson HL, Fischbeck KH. Trinucleotide repeat expansion in neurological disease. Ann Neurol. 1994;36:814–22.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Akimoto C, Volk AE, van Blitterswijk M, Van den Broeck M, Leblond CS, Lumbroso S, et al. A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories. J Med Genet. 2014;51:419–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Akimoto C, Volk AE, van Blitterswijk M, Van den Broeck M, Leblond CS, Lumbroso S, et al. A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories. J Med Genet. 2014;51:419–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Dols-Icardo O, García-Redondo A, Rojas-García R, Sanchez-Valle R, Noguera A, Gómez-Tortosa E, et al. Characterization of the repeat expansion size in C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:749–54.CrossRefPubMed Dols-Icardo O, García-Redondo A, Rojas-García R, Sanchez-Valle R, Noguera A, Gómez-Tortosa E, et al. Characterization of the repeat expansion size in C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:749–54.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat van Blitterswijk M, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Niemantsverdriet E, Murray ME, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, et al. Association between repeat sizes and clinical and pathological characteristics in carriers of C9ORF72 repeat expansions: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:978–88.CrossRefPubMed van Blitterswijk M, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Niemantsverdriet E, Murray ME, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, et al. Association between repeat sizes and clinical and pathological characteristics in carriers of C9ORF72 repeat expansions: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:978–88.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Gijselinck I, Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Sleegers K, Philtjens S, Kleinberger G, et al. A C9orf72 promoter repeat expansion in a Flanders-Belgian cohort with disorders of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum: a gene identification study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:54–65.CrossRefPubMed Gijselinck I, Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Sleegers K, Philtjens S, Kleinberger G, et al. A C9orf72 promoter repeat expansion in a Flanders-Belgian cohort with disorders of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum: a gene identification study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:54–65.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Belzil VV, Bauer PO, Prudencio M, Gendron TF, Stetler CT, Yan IK, et al. Reduced C9orf72 gene expression in c9FTD/ALS is caused by histone trimethylation, an epigenetic event detectable in blood. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:895–905.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Belzil VV, Bauer PO, Prudencio M, Gendron TF, Stetler CT, Yan IK, et al. Reduced C9orf72 gene expression in c9FTD/ALS is caused by histone trimethylation, an epigenetic event detectable in blood. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;126:895–905.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki N, Maroof AM, Merkle FT, Koszka K, Intoh A, Armstrong I, et al. The mouse C9ORF72 ortholog is enriched in neurons known to degenerate in ALS and FTD. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:1725–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Suzuki N, Maroof AM, Merkle FT, Koszka K, Intoh A, Armstrong I, et al. The mouse C9ORF72 ortholog is enriched in neurons known to degenerate in ALS and FTD. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:1725–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao S, MacNair L, McGoldrick P, McKeever PM, McLean JR, Zhang M, et al. Isoform-specific antibodies reveal distinct subcellular localizations of C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2015;78:568–83.CrossRefPubMed Xiao S, MacNair L, McGoldrick P, McKeever PM, McLean JR, Zhang M, et al. Isoform-specific antibodies reveal distinct subcellular localizations of C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2015;78:568–83.CrossRefPubMed
42.•
Zurück zum Zitat Levine TP, Daniels RD, Gatta AT, Wong LH, Hayes MJ. The product of C9orf72, a gene strongly implicated in neurodegeneration, is structurally related to DENN Rab-GEFs. Bioinformatics. 2013;29:499–503. Levine et al. reported a prospective in silico study to propose what could be a cellular function of the product encoded by C9ORF72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Levine TP, Daniels RD, Gatta AT, Wong LH, Hayes MJ. The product of C9orf72, a gene strongly implicated in neurodegeneration, is structurally related to DENN Rab-GEFs. Bioinformatics. 2013;29:499–503. Levine et al. reported a prospective in silico study to propose what could be a cellular function of the product encoded by C9ORF72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang D, Iyer LM, He F, Aravind L. Discovery of novel DENN proteins: implications for the evolution of eukaryotic intracellular membrane structures and human disease. Front Genet. 2012;3:283.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang D, Iyer LM, He F, Aravind L. Discovery of novel DENN proteins: implications for the evolution of eukaryotic intracellular membrane structures and human disease. Front Genet. 2012;3:283.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaineau M, Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Rab35: GEFs, GAPs and effectors. Traffic. 2013;14:1109–17.PubMed Chaineau M, Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Rab35: GEFs, GAPs and effectors. Traffic. 2013;14:1109–17.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Farg MA, Sundaramoorthy V, Sultana JM, Yang S, Atkinson RAK, Levina V, et al. C9ORF72, implicated in amytrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, regulates endosomal trafficking. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:3579–95.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Farg MA, Sundaramoorthy V, Sultana JM, Yang S, Atkinson RAK, Levina V, et al. C9ORF72, implicated in amytrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, regulates endosomal trafficking. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:3579–95.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivanov P, O'Day E, Emara MM, Wagner G, Lieberman J, Anderson P. G-quadruplex structures contribute to the neuroprotective effects of angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111:18201–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ivanov P, O'Day E, Emara MM, Wagner G, Lieberman J, Anderson P. G-quadruplex structures contribute to the neuroprotective effects of angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111:18201–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi S, Serrano A, Gerbino V, Giorgi A, Di Francesco L, Nencini M, et al. Nuclear accumulation of mRNAs underlies G4C2-repeat-induced translational repression in a cellular model of C9orf72 ALS. J Cell Sci. 2015;128:1787–99.CrossRefPubMed Rossi S, Serrano A, Gerbino V, Giorgi A, Di Francesco L, Nencini M, et al. Nuclear accumulation of mRNAs underlies G4C2-repeat-induced translational repression in a cellular model of C9orf72 ALS. J Cell Sci. 2015;128:1787–99.CrossRefPubMed
48.•
Zurück zum Zitat Freibaum BD, Lu Y, Lopez-Gonzalez R, Kim NC, Almeida S, Lee K-H, et al. GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 compromises nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2015;525:129–33.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Freibaum BD, Lu Y, Lopez-Gonzalez R, Kim NC, Almeida S, Lee K-H, et al. GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 compromises nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2015;525:129–33.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.•
Zurück zum Zitat Jovičić A, Mertens J, Boeynaems S, Bogaert E, Chai N, Yamada SB, et al. Modifiers of C9orf72 dipeptide repeat toxicity connect nucleocytoplasmic transport defects to FTD/ALS. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:1226–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jovičić A, Mertens J, Boeynaems S, Bogaert E, Chai N, Yamada SB, et al. Modifiers of C9orf72 dipeptide repeat toxicity connect nucleocytoplasmic transport defects to FTD/ALS. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:1226–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.•
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang K, Donnelly CJ, Haeusler AR, Grima JC, Machamer JB, Steinwald P, et al. The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2015;525:56–61. References 48-50 describe the use of various model organisms and patient material to establish nucleoplasmic shuttling impairments when C9ORF72 mRNAs contain expanded GGGGCC repeat.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhang K, Donnelly CJ, Haeusler AR, Grima JC, Machamer JB, Steinwald P, et al. The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nature. 2015;525:56–61. References 48-50 describe the use of various model organisms and patient material to establish nucleoplasmic shuttling impairments when C9ORF72 mRNAs contain expanded GGGGCC repeat.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaneb HM, Folkmann AW, Belzil VV, Jao L-E, Leblond CS, Girard SL, et al. Deleterious mutations in the essential mRNA metabolism factor, hGle1, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:1363–73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kaneb HM, Folkmann AW, Belzil VV, Jao L-E, Leblond CS, Girard SL, et al. Deleterious mutations in the essential mRNA metabolism factor, hGle1, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:1363–73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.•
Zurück zum Zitat Bannwarth S, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Chaussenot A, Genin EC, Lacas-Gervais S, Fragaki K, et al. A mitochondrial origin for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through CHCHD10 involvement. Brain. 2014;137:2329–45. Bannwarth et al were the first to link CHCHD10 with ALS and FTD. Many mutations in patients were identified and mitochondrial abnormalities were confirmed in patient cells.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bannwarth S, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Chaussenot A, Genin EC, Lacas-Gervais S, Fragaki K, et al. A mitochondrial origin for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through CHCHD10 involvement. Brain. 2014;137:2329–45. Bannwarth et al were the first to link CHCHD10 with ALS and FTD. Many mutations in patients were identified and mitochondrial abnormalities were confirmed in patient cells.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaussenot A, Le Ber I, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Camuzat A, de Septenville A, Bannwarth S, et al. Screening of CHCHD10 in a French cohort confirms the involvement of this gene in frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:2884.e1–4. Chaussenot A, Le Ber I, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Camuzat A, de Septenville A, Bannwarth S, et al. Screening of CHCHD10 in a French cohort confirms the involvement of this gene in frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:2884.e1–4.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiò A, Mora G, Sabatelli M, Caponnetto C, Traynor BJ, Johnson JO, et al. CHCH10 mutations in an Italian cohort of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;1767(36):e3–6. Chiò A, Mora G, Sabatelli M, Caponnetto C, Traynor BJ, Johnson JO, et al. CHCH10 mutations in an Italian cohort of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;1767(36):e3–6.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson JO, Glynn SM, Gibbs JR, Nalls MA, Sabatelli M, Restagno G, et al. Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2014;137:e311–1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Johnson JO, Glynn SM, Gibbs JR, Nalls MA, Sabatelli M, Restagno G, et al. Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2014;137:e311–1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Dols-Icardo O, Nebot I, Gorostidi A, Ortega-Cubero S, Hernández I, Rojas-García R, et al. Analysis of the CHCHD10 gene in patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from Spain. Brain. 2015;138:e400.CrossRefPubMed Dols-Icardo O, Nebot I, Gorostidi A, Ortega-Cubero S, Hernández I, Rojas-García R, et al. Analysis of the CHCHD10 gene in patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from Spain. Brain. 2015;138:e400.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasanen P, Myllykangas L, Pöyhönen M, Kiuru-Enari S, Tienari PJ, Laaksovirta H, et al. Intrafamilial clinical variability in individuals carrying the CHCHD10 mutation Gly66Val. Acta Neurol Scand. 2016;133(5):361–6.CrossRefPubMed Pasanen P, Myllykangas L, Pöyhönen M, Kiuru-Enari S, Tienari PJ, Laaksovirta H, et al. Intrafamilial clinical variability in individuals carrying the CHCHD10 mutation Gly66Val. Acta Neurol Scand. 2016;133(5):361–6.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang M, Xi Z, Zinman L, Bruni AC, Maletta RG, Curcio SAM, et al. Mutation analysis of CHCHD10 in different neurodegenerative diseases. Brain. 2015;138:e380.CrossRefPubMed Zhang M, Xi Z, Zinman L, Bruni AC, Maletta RG, Curcio SAM, et al. Mutation analysis of CHCHD10 in different neurodegenerative diseases. Brain. 2015;138:e380.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller K, Andersen PM, Hübers A, Marroquin N, Volk AE, Danzer KM, et al. Two novel mutations in conserved codons indicate that CHCHD10 is a gene associated with motor neuron disease. Brain. 2014;137:e309–9.CrossRefPubMed Müller K, Andersen PM, Hübers A, Marroquin N, Volk AE, Danzer KM, et al. Two novel mutations in conserved codons indicate that CHCHD10 is a gene associated with motor neuron disease. Brain. 2014;137:e309–9.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Marroquin N, Stranz S, Müller K, Wieland T, Ruf WP, Brockmann SJ, et al. Screening for CHCHD10 mutations in a large cohort of sporadic ALS patients: no evidence for pathogenicity of the p.P34S variant. Brain. 2015;139(Pt 2):e8.PubMed Marroquin N, Stranz S, Müller K, Wieland T, Ruf WP, Brockmann SJ, et al. Screening for CHCHD10 mutations in a large cohort of sporadic ALS patients: no evidence for pathogenicity of the p.P34S variant. Brain. 2015;139(Pt 2):e8.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong CH, Topp S, Gkazi A-S, Troakes C, Miller JW, de Majo M, et al. The CHCHD10 P34S variant is not associated with ALS in a UK cohort of familial and sporadic patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:2908.e17–8. Wong CH, Topp S, Gkazi A-S, Troakes C, Miller JW, de Majo M, et al. The CHCHD10 P34S variant is not associated with ALS in a UK cohort of familial and sporadic patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:2908.e17–8.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdelkarim S, Morgan S, Plagnol V, Lu C-H, Adamson G, Howard R, et al. CHCHD10 Pro34Ser is not a highly penetrant pathogenic variant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2016;139:e9. doi:10.1093/brain/awv223. Abdelkarim S, Morgan S, Plagnol V, Lu C-H, Adamson G, Howard R, et al. CHCHD10 Pro34Ser is not a highly penetrant pathogenic variant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2016;139:e9. doi:10.​1093/​brain/​awv223.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronchi D, Riboldi G, Del Bo R, Ticozzi N, Scarlato M, Galimberti D, et al. CHCHD10 mutations in Italian patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2015;138:e372–2.CrossRefPubMed Ronchi D, Riboldi G, Del Bo R, Ticozzi N, Scarlato M, Galimberti D, et al. CHCHD10 mutations in Italian patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2015;138:e372–2.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobson-Stone C, Shaw AD, Hallupp M, Bartley L, McCann H, Brooks WS, et al. Is CHCHD10 Pro34Ser pathogenic for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Brain. 2015;138:e385–5.CrossRefPubMed Dobson-Stone C, Shaw AD, Hallupp M, Bartley L, McCann H, Brooks WS, et al. Is CHCHD10 Pro34Ser pathogenic for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Brain. 2015;138:e385–5.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurzwelly D, Krüger S, Biskup S, Heneka MT. A distinct clinical phenotype in a German kindred with motor neuron disease carrying a CHCHD10 mutation. Brain. 2015;138:e376–6.CrossRefPubMed Kurzwelly D, Krüger S, Biskup S, Heneka MT. A distinct clinical phenotype in a German kindred with motor neuron disease carrying a CHCHD10 mutation. Brain. 2015;138:e376–6.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Depreux FF, Puckelwartz MJ, Augustynowicz A, Wolfgeher D, Labno CM, Pierre-Louis D, et al. Disruption of the lamin A and matrin-3 interaction by myopathic LMNA mutations. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:4284–95.CrossRefPubMed Depreux FF, Puckelwartz MJ, Augustynowicz A, Wolfgeher D, Labno CM, Pierre-Louis D, et al. Disruption of the lamin A and matrin-3 interaction by myopathic LMNA mutations. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:4284–95.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Feit H, Silbergleit A, Schneider LB, Gutierrez JA, Fitoussi RP, Réyès C, et al. Vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness with autosomal dominant distal myopathy: clinical description and gene localization to 5q31. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;63:1732–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Feit H, Silbergleit A, Schneider LB, Gutierrez JA, Fitoussi RP, Réyès C, et al. Vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness with autosomal dominant distal myopathy: clinical description and gene localization to 5q31. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;63:1732–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Senderek J, Garvey SM, Krieger M, Guergueltcheva V, Urtizberea A, Roos A, et al. Autosomal-dominant distal myopathy associated with a recurrent missense mutation in the gene encoding the nuclear matrix protein, matrin 3. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;84:511–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Senderek J, Garvey SM, Krieger M, Guergueltcheva V, Urtizberea A, Roos A, et al. Autosomal-dominant distal myopathy associated with a recurrent missense mutation in the gene encoding the nuclear matrix protein, matrin 3. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;84:511–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller TJ, Kraya T, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Hanisch F, Kornhuber M, Stoevesandt D, et al. Phenotype of matrin-3-related distal myopathy in 16 German patients. Ann Neurol. 2014;76:669–80.CrossRefPubMed Müller TJ, Kraya T, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Hanisch F, Kornhuber M, Stoevesandt D, et al. Phenotype of matrin-3-related distal myopathy in 16 German patients. Ann Neurol. 2014;76:669–80.CrossRefPubMed
70.•
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson JO, Pioro EP, Boehringer A, Chia R, Feit H, Renton AE, et al. Mutations in the Matrin 3 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17:664–6. Johnson et al were the first to link matrin-3 and ALS through the identification of mutations in fALS and sALS cases and the observations of matrin-3 proteins in aggregates of ALS patients.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Johnson JO, Pioro EP, Boehringer A, Chia R, Feit H, Renton AE, et al. Mutations in the Matrin 3 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17:664–6. Johnson et al were the first to link matrin-3 and ALS through the identification of mutations in fALS and sALS cases and the observations of matrin-3 proteins in aggregates of ALS patients.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin K-P, Tsai P-C, Liao Y-C, Chen W-T, Tsai C-P, Soong B-W, et al. Mutational analysis of MATR3 in Taiwanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2005;2015(36):e1–4. Lin K-P, Tsai P-C, Liao Y-C, Chen W-T, Tsai C-P, Soong B-W, et al. Mutational analysis of MATR3 in Taiwanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2005;2015(36):e1–4.
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Origone P, Verdiani S, Bandettini Di Poggio M, Zuccarino R, Vignolo M, Caponnetto C, et al. A novel Arg147Trp MATR3 missense mutation in a slowly progressive ALS Italian patient. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. 2015; 1–2. Origone P, Verdiani S, Bandettini Di Poggio M, Zuccarino R, Vignolo M, Caponnetto C, et al. A novel Arg147Trp MATR3 missense mutation in a slowly progressive ALS Italian patient. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. 2015; 1–2.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Leblond CS, Gan-Or Z, Spiegelman D, Laurent SB, Szuto A, Hodgkinson A. Replication study of MATR3 in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;209:e17–21. Leblond CS, Gan-Or Z, Spiegelman D, Laurent SB, Szuto A, Hodgkinson A. Replication study of MATR3 in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;209:e17–21.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Millecamps S, de Septenville A, Teyssou E, Daniau M, Camuzat A, Albert M, et al. Genetic analysis of matrin 3 gene in French amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:2882.e13–5. Millecamps S, de Septenville A, Teyssou E, Daniau M, Camuzat A, Albert M, et al. Genetic analysis of matrin 3 gene in French amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:2882.e13–5.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Fifita JA, Williams KL, Mccann EP, O'Brien A, Bauer DC, Nicholson GA, et al. Mutation analysis of MATR3 in Australian familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;1602(36):e1–2. Fifita JA, Williams KL, Mccann EP, O'Brien A, Bauer DC, Nicholson GA, et al. Mutation analysis of MATR3 in Australian familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;1602(36):e1–2.
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Ling S-C, Albuquerque CP, Han JS, Lagier-Tourenne C, Tokunaga S, Zhou H, et al. ALS-associated mutations in TDP-43 increase its stability and promote TDP-43 complexes with FUS/TLS. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107:13318–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ling S-C, Albuquerque CP, Han JS, Lagier-Tourenne C, Tokunaga S, Zhou H, et al. ALS-associated mutations in TDP-43 increase its stability and promote TDP-43 complexes with FUS/TLS. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107:13318–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones AR, Troakes C, King A, Sahni V, De Jong S, Bossers K, et al. Stratified gene expression analysis identifies major amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;2015(36):e1–9. Jones AR, Troakes C, King A, Sahni V, De Jong S, Bossers K, et al. Stratified gene expression analysis identifies major amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;2015(36):e1–9.
79.•
Zurück zum Zitat Cirulli ET, Lasseigne BN, Petrovski S, Sapp PC, Dion PA, Leblond CS, et al. Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies risk genes and pathways. Science. 2015;347:1436–41. Cirulli et al. reported a large collaborative exome sequencing effort using >3,000 ALS cases. Several variations in known ALS genes were replicated and TBK1 mutations leading to loss of function were first identified for the first time.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cirulli ET, Lasseigne BN, Petrovski S, Sapp PC, Dion PA, Leblond CS, et al. Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies risk genes and pathways. Science. 2015;347:1436–41. Cirulli et al. reported a large collaborative exome sequencing effort using >3,000 ALS cases. Several variations in known ALS genes were replicated and TBK1 mutations leading to loss of function were first identified for the first time.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Freischmidt A, Wieland T, Richter B, Ruf W, Schaeffer V, Müller K, et al. Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:631–6.CrossRefPubMed Freischmidt A, Wieland T, Richter B, Ruf W, Schaeffer V, Müller K, et al. Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:631–6.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Pottier C, Bieniek KF, Finch N, van de Vorst M, Baker M, Perkersen R, et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals important role for TBK1 and OPTN mutations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration without motor neuron disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;130:77–92.CrossRefPubMed Pottier C, Bieniek KF, Finch N, van de Vorst M, Baker M, Perkersen R, et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals important role for TBK1 and OPTN mutations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration without motor neuron disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;130:77–92.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams KL, Mccann EP, Fifita JA, Zhang K, Duncan EL, Leo PJ, et al. Novel TBK1 truncating mutation in a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient of Chinese origin. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:3334.e1–5. Williams KL, Mccann EP, Fifita JA, Zhang K, Duncan EL, Leo PJ, et al. Novel TBK1 truncating mutation in a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient of Chinese origin. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:3334.e1–5.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Kenna KP, McLaughlin RL, Byrne S, Elamin M, Heverin M, Kenny EM, et al. Delineating the genetic heterogeneity of ALS using targeted high-throughput sequencing. J Med Genet. 2013;50:776–83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kenna KP, McLaughlin RL, Byrne S, Elamin M, Heverin M, Kenny EM, et al. Delineating the genetic heterogeneity of ALS using targeted high-throughput sequencing. J Med Genet. 2013;50:776–83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat van Blitterswijk M, van Es MA, Hennekam EAM, Dooijes D, van Rheenen W, Medic J, et al. Evidence for an oligogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21:3776–84.CrossRefPubMed van Blitterswijk M, van Es MA, Hennekam EAM, Dooijes D, van Rheenen W, Medic J, et al. Evidence for an oligogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21:3776–84.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Chalabi A, Hardiman O. The epidemiology of ALS: a conspiracy of genes, environment and time. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9:617–28.CrossRefPubMed Al-Chalabi A, Hardiman O. The epidemiology of ALS: a conspiracy of genes, environment and time. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9:617–28.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Veltman JA, Brunner HG. De novo mutations in human genetic disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13:565–75.CrossRefPubMed Veltman JA, Brunner HG. De novo mutations in human genetic disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13:565–75.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexander MD, Traynor BJ, Miller N, Corr B, Frost E, McQuaid S, et al. “True” sporadic ALS associated with a novel SOD-1 mutation. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:680–3.CrossRefPubMed Alexander MD, Traynor BJ, Miller N, Corr B, Frost E, McQuaid S, et al. “True” sporadic ALS associated with a novel SOD-1 mutation. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:680–3.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat DeJesus-Hernandez M, Kocerha J, Finch N, Crook R, Baker M, Desaro P, et al. De novo truncating FUS gene mutation as a cause of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat. 2010;31:E1377–89.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral DeJesus-Hernandez M, Kocerha J, Finch N, Crook R, Baker M, Desaro P, et al. De novo truncating FUS gene mutation as a cause of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat. 2010;31:E1377–89.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiò A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Ossola I, Brunetti M, Sbaiz L, et al. A de novo missense mutation of the FUS gene in a “true” sporadic ALS case. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32:553.e23–6. Chiò A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Ossola I, Brunetti M, Sbaiz L, et al. A de novo missense mutation of the FUS gene in a “true” sporadic ALS case. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32:553.e23–6.
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Calvo A, Moglia C, Canosa A, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Traynor BJ, et al. A de novo nonsense mutation of the FUS gene in an apparently familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:1513.e7–11. Calvo A, Moglia C, Canosa A, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Traynor BJ, et al. A de novo nonsense mutation of the FUS gene in an apparently familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35:1513.e7–11.
91.•
Zurück zum Zitat Hübers A, Just W, Rosenbohm A, Müller K, Marroquin N, Goebel I, et al. De novo FUS mutations are the most frequent genetic cause in early-onset German ALS patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:3117.e1–3117.e6. Hübers et al. identified de novo mutations in FUS as the most important cause of early-onset ALS. This was one of the first attempt to identify de novo mutations in a large cohort of ALS cases.CrossRef Hübers A, Just W, Rosenbohm A, Müller K, Marroquin N, Goebel I, et al. De novo FUS mutations are the most frequent genetic cause in early-onset German ALS patients. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:3117.e1–3117.e6. Hübers et al. identified de novo mutations in FUS as the most important cause of early-onset ALS. This was one of the first attempt to identify de novo mutations in a large cohort of ALS cases.CrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Laffita-Mesa JM, Rodríguez Pupo JM, Moreno Sera R, Vázquez Mojena Y, Kourí V, Laguna-Salvia L, et al. De novo mutations in ataxin-2 gene and ALS risk. PLoS One. 2013;8:e70560.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Laffita-Mesa JM, Rodríguez Pupo JM, Moreno Sera R, Vázquez Mojena Y, Kourí V, Laguna-Salvia L, et al. De novo mutations in ataxin-2 gene and ALS risk. PLoS One. 2013;8:e70560.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Elden AC, Kim H-J, Hart MP, Chen-Plotkin AS, Johnson BS, Fang X, et al. Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated with increased risk for ALS. Nature. 2010;466:1069–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Elden AC, Kim H-J, Hart MP, Chen-Plotkin AS, Johnson BS, Fang X, et al. Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated with increased risk for ALS. Nature. 2010;466:1069–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
94.•
Zurück zum Zitat Chesi A, Staahl BT, Jovičić A, Couthouis J, Fasolino M, Raphael AR, et al. Exome sequencing to identify de novo mutations in sporadic ALS trios. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:851–5. Chesi et al. reported the first large study aime de novo mutation in ALS cases identifying mutations in chromatin regulator genes.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chesi A, Staahl BT, Jovičić A, Couthouis J, Fasolino M, Raphael AR, et al. Exome sequencing to identify de novo mutations in sporadic ALS trios. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16:851–5. Chesi et al. reported the first large study aime de novo mutation in ALS cases identifying mutations in chromatin regulator genes.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinberg KM, Yu B, Koboldt DC, Mardis ER, Pamphlett R. Exome sequencing of case-unaffected-parents trios reveals recessive and de novo genetic variants in sporadic ALS. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9124.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Steinberg KM, Yu B, Koboldt DC, Mardis ER, Pamphlett R. Exome sequencing of case-unaffected-parents trios reveals recessive and de novo genetic variants in sporadic ALS. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9124.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
96.
Zurück zum Zitat López Castel A, Cleary JD, Pearson CE. Repeat instability as the basis for human diseases and as a potential target for therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010;11:165–70.CrossRefPubMed López Castel A, Cleary JD, Pearson CE. Repeat instability as the basis for human diseases and as a potential target for therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010;11:165–70.CrossRefPubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Nordin A, Akimoto C, Wuolikainen A, Alstermark H, Jonsson P, Birve A, et al. Extensive size variability of the GGGGCC expansion in C9orf72 in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues in 18 patients with ALS or FTD. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:3133–42.CrossRefPubMed Nordin A, Akimoto C, Wuolikainen A, Alstermark H, Jonsson P, Birve A, et al. Extensive size variability of the GGGGCC expansion in C9orf72 in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues in 18 patients with ALS or FTD. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:3133–42.CrossRefPubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Harms MB, Cady J, Zaidman C, Cooper P, Bali T, Allred P, et al. Lack of C9ORF72 coding mutations supports a gain of function for repeat expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34:2234.e13–9. Harms MB, Cady J, Zaidman C, Cooper P, Bali T, Allred P, et al. Lack of C9ORF72 coding mutations supports a gain of function for repeat expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34:2234.e13–9.
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Leblond CS, Kaneb HM, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Dissection of genetic factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol. 2014;262 Pt B:91–101.CrossRefPubMed Leblond CS, Kaneb HM, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Dissection of genetic factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol. 2014;262 Pt B:91–101.CrossRefPubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Daoud H, Suhail H, Sabbagh M, Belzil V, Szuto A, Dionne-Laporte A, et al. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions as the causative mutation for chromosome 9p21-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol. 2012;69:1159–63.CrossRefPubMed Daoud H, Suhail H, Sabbagh M, Belzil V, Szuto A, Dionne-Laporte A, et al. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions as the causative mutation for chromosome 9p21-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Arch Neurol. 2012;69:1159–63.CrossRefPubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat van Es MA, Veldink JH, Saris CGJ, Blauw HM, van Vught PWJ, Birve A, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 19p13.3 (UNC13A) and 9p21.2 as susceptibility loci for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:1083–7. van Es MA, Veldink JH, Saris CGJ, Blauw HM, van Vught PWJ, Birve A, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 19p13.3 (UNC13A) and 9p21.2 as susceptibility loci for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat. Genet. 2009;41:1083–7.
Metadaten
Titel
ALS: Recent Developments from Genetics Studies
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2016
Erschienen in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-016-0658-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2016

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 6/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Neurology of Systemic Diseases (J Biller, Section Editor)

Neurologic Complications in the Intensive Care Unit

Behavior (H Kirshner, Section Editor)

Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Neuro-Ophthalmology (A Kawasaki, Section Editor)

Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia

Critical Care (SA Mayer, Section Editor)

Brain Multimodality Monitoring: Updated Perspectives

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.