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Inflammopharmacology
Erschienen in:

13.01.2022 | Original Article

Alterations to microbial secretome by estrogen may contribute to sex bias in irritable bowel syndrome

verfasst von: Lesha Pretorius, Anton du Preez Van Staden, Johannes J. Van der Merwe, Natasha Henning, Carine Smith

Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology | Ausgabe 1/2022

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Abstract

Introduction

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a female predominant functional gastrointestinal disorder, underpinned by microbial dysbiosis and microinflammation. We suggest that changes in trace amine (TA) load and metabolism may link together diet, inflammation and sex in this context.

Methods

The effect of E2 treatment on microbial growth and TA generation was assessed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry methodology. To investigate the effects of TAs on the gut, WST-1, prostaglandin E2 and tight junction protein dynamics were investigated in TA treated (HT-29) colon epithelial monolayer cultures.

Results

Differential E2-dependent alterations of the TA production capabilities of microbes were observed. Significantly, E2 treatment resulted in a 50% increase in tryptamine secretion from a probiotic microbe (p < 0.0001). Moreover, in vitro experiments indicated that TA treatment exerted type-specific effects in the gut, e.g., reducing mitochondrial functionality, even at low doses of tryptamine (p < 0.0001) and ρ-tyramine (p < 0.001). Additionally, prostaglandin E2 levels were significantly increased following ρ-tyramine and agmatine treatment (p < 0.05). In terms of functionality, all investigated TAs resulted in occludin redistribution and loss of zona occludens-1 and occludin co-localization.

Conclusion

Increases in the gastrointestinal TA load may contribute to a relatively pro-inflammatory outcome in the intestine, along with tight junction protein disruption. Additionally, fluctuating levels of endogenous E2 may modulate microbially-derived TA levels, potentially explaining exaggerating gastrointestinal symptomology in females during low E2 phases. Thus, current data warrants subsequent investigations in appropriate in vivo models to fully elucidate the role of the trace aminergic system in the sex bias observed in IBS.
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Metadaten
Titel
Alterations to microbial secretome by estrogen may contribute to sex bias in irritable bowel syndrome
verfasst von
Lesha Pretorius
Anton du Preez Van Staden
Johannes J. Van der Merwe
Natasha Henning
Carine Smith
Publikationsdatum
13.01.2022
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Inflammopharmacology / Ausgabe 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Elektronische ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00906-8

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