Background
Methods
Study design and patients
Sampling and detection of GAS
DNA extraction and quantitative PCR
Data analysis
Ethical approval
Results
QD n = 12 (%) | BID n = 15 (%) | P-value | TID n = 7 (%) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yearsa | 7.3 ± 3.1 | 5.0 ± 1.4 |
0.02
| 7.7 ± 1.3 | 0.71 |
Male sex | 12 (100) | 10 (66.7) |
0.047
| 6 (85.7) | 0.37 |
Symptoms | |||||
Feverb | 12 (100) | 14 (93.3) | 1.00 | 7 (100) | 1.00 |
Absence of cough | 9 (75.0) | 13 (86.6) | 0.63 | 4 (57.1) | 0.62 |
Sore throat | 7 (58.3) | 9 (60.0) | 1.00 | 6 (85.7) | 0.33 |
Headache | 6 (50.0) | 5 (33.3) | 0.45 | 3 (42.9) | 1.00 |
Abdominal pain | 0 (0) | 4 (26.7) | 0.11 | 2 (28.6) | 0.12 |
Nausea | 1 (8.3) | 3 (20.0) | 0.61 | 1 (14.3) | 1.00 |
Signs | |||||
Lymphadenopathy | 9 (75.0) | 12 (80.0) | 1.00 | 6 (85.7) | 1.00 |
Tonsillar swelling | 8 (66.7) | 13 (86.7) | 0.36 | 4 (57.1) | 1.00 |
Skin rash | 2 (16.7) | 3 (20.0) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0.51 |
Visit 1 n = 34 | Visit 2 n = 32 | Visit 3 n = 25 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
qPCR | Negative (%) | QD | 0 / 12 (0) | 2 / 11 (18.2) | 6 / 7 (85.7) |
BID | 0 / 15 (0) | 0 / 14 (0) | 8 / 11 (72.7) | ||
TID | 0 / 7 (0) | 1 / 7 (14.3) | 6 / 7 (85.7) | ||
Culture | Negative (%) | QD | 0 / 12 (0) | 11 / 11 (100) | 7 / 7 (100) |
BID | 0 / 15 (0) | 14 / 14 (100) | 10 / 11 (90.9) | ||
TID | 0 / 7 (0) | 6 / 7 (85.7) | 7 / 7 (100) |
QD | BID | TID | |
---|---|---|---|
Visit 1 | |||
n | 12 | 15 | 7 |
median, copies /μL | 1.4 × 106 | 8.2 × 105 | 5.4 × 105 |
[interquartile range] | [2.2 × 105–4.3 × 106] | [2.4 × 105–1.6 × 106] | [1.4 × 105–2.2 × 106] |
95% confidence interval | 2.2 × 105, 4.3 × 106 | 2.4 × 105, 1.6 × 106 | 1.0 × 105, 6.1 × 106 |
Visit 2 | |||
n | 11 | 14 | 7 |
median, copies /μL | 3.8 × 103 | 1.1 × 103 | 2.8 × 103 |
[interquartile range] | [2.7 × 102–2.8 × 104] | [5.2 × 102–4.8 × 103] | [1.8 × 102–6.9 × 104] |
95% confidence interval | 0.0, 1.2 × 105 | 4.9 × 102, 8.0 × 103 | 0.0, 1.3 × 105 |
Visit 3 | |||
n | 7 | 11 | 7 |
median copies /μL | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[interquartile range] | [0.0–0.0] | [0.0–1.2 × 102] | [0.0–0.0] |
95% confidence interval | 0.0, 9.0 × 103 | 0.0, 1.7 × 104 | 0.0, 2.8 × 103 |