Background
Method
Samples
Communities
Alcohol professionals
Measures
Rural community views
Professionals' views
Demographics | Medical and other services | ||
---|---|---|---|
Population | 12,000 | No. of general practitioners (full-time) | 14 |
Females: Males | 1:1 | No of GP practices | 3 |
Proportion young persons (15-24 yrs) | 13% | No. of drug and alcohol workers (full-time) | 1 |
Proportion Indigenous Australians | 5% | No. of hospitals (with 24 hr Emergency Department) | 1 |
Distance to nearest large centre (more than 20,000 population) | 170 km | No. of community pharmacies | 2 |
Distance to nearest urban centre (more than 100,000 population) | 400 km | Total no. of full time police & (no. of full time police on Highway Patrol) | 14 (3) |
Average annual wage/salary (Before tax) | $30,000 | No. of high schools | 3 |
Unemployment rate | 8% | No. of licensed premises | 10 |
Crime and Health Statistics
|
Community average
|
State average
| |
Assaults per 100,000 population | 1100 | 1050 | |
Sexual assaults per 100,000 population | 90 | 60 | |
Driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs per 100,000 population | 27 | 15.5 | |
Proportion of population who attended an emergency department in last 12 months | 20% | 13.5% | |
Proportion of population who have had a heavy drinking day in the last 12 months | 40% | 35% |
Schools
|
---|
School-based programs |
Promote safer drinking
|
Development of voluntary or mandatory codes of practice for hotels (eg. use of high impact plastic glasses, limiting the number of patrons present at any one time, making food and water available for free, free soft-drinks for designated drivers, banning promotions that encourage binge drinking, staggering closing times for different hotels, refusing entry after a set time, limiting take-away) |
Expanded training programs for hotel staff (eg. responsible service of alcohol, how to avoid serving alcohol to intoxicated persons) |
Media advocacy (regional television and radio, and local newspapers) |
Community programs
|
Family-based interventions |
Better integration between programs aimed at reducing alcohol harm and broader community programs, such as employment and education programs |
Greater targeting of high-risk groups or environments (eg. Indigenous Australians, workplaces, youth and geographical areas) |
Expansion of social work/community health roles to more effectively co-ordinate a range of services (eg. employment services, family support, financial advice, school counsellors) and improve their level of tailoring to the particular circumstances of individuals and families |
Provision of self-help material and advice in the mail |
Community drug and alcohol counsellors |
Contributing resources to broader community development programs involving arts/culture and sporting/recreational events |
Police activity
|
Promoting greater enforcement of existing liquor licensing laws by police (eg. underage drinking; not serving intoxicated patrons) |
More effective random breath testing |
More effective sentencing options for magistrates (eg. ignition locks and incarceration diversion programs) |
Training General Practitioners
|
General practitioners |
Hospital/Emergency Departments
|
Emergency Department (ED) staff |
Hospital staff (other than EDs) |
Supporting/establishing D&A clinics and residential rehabilitation |
Ambulance officers |
Pharmacists
|
Community pharmacists |
Data analyses
Results
Rural community views
Sample characteristics
Intervention and resource allocations
Influences on rural community views
Characteristicsa
| Intervention type Coefficient (robust standard error) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
School | Promote safer drinking | Community | Police | GP | Hospital/ED | Pharmacists | Workplace | |
Constant
|
25.5* (5.21)
| 1.45 (4.65) | 7.98 (5.20) |
18.7* (5.83)
| 7.58 (3.61) |
12.7* (3.75)
| 6.80 (3.35) | 2.39 (3.86) |
High frequency drinking | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.06) | -0.12 (0.07) |
-0.25* (0.07)
| -0.01 (0.05) |
0.16* (0.05)
| -0.03 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.05) |
Family/friend drinks too much | -0.34 (0.76) | -0.16 (0.68) |
2.28* (0.76)
| -1.02 (0.86) | -0.13 (0.53) | -0.48 (0.56) | 0.26 (0.56) | 0.55 (0.57) |
Female | 2.43 (1.22) | -2.27 (1.08) | 2.17 (1.22) | 1.15 (0.86) | -0.17 (0.85) |
2.32* (0.89)
| 0.12 (0.80) | -1.31 (0.91) |
Age |
0.14* (0.05)
| -0.01 (0.05) | -0.10 (0.05) | -0.07 (0.06) | -0.09 (0.04) |
-0.21* (0.04)
|
-0.19* (0.03)
| -0.07 (0.04) |
Education level | -0.52 (0.24) |
0.86* (0.21)
| 0.14 (0.24) | -0.15 (0.27) | -0.29 (0.17) | -0.28 (0.17) | -0.30 (0.16) | -0.24 (0.18) |
Gross annual household income > $78,000 pa |
6.90* (2.28)
| 1.02 (2.03) | -2.08 (2.29) | -2.74 (2.56) | -3.48 (1.58) | -3.12(1.67) |
-4.03* (1.50)
| -4.12(1.71) |
Prefer not to say income | 3.45 (2.47) | 0.30 (2.20) | -1.09 (2.47) | -0.76 (2.76) |
-5.11* (1.72)
| -1.77 (1.79) | -(1.72) (1.60) | -1.20 (1.82) |
Communityb
| 10.5 | 8.68 | 11.0 |
15.1*
| 6.33 |
11.2*
| 8.32 | 7.92 |
Professionals' views
Response rate and sample characteristics
Intervention and resource allocations
Interventions (in order of most often implemented) | Proportion of professionals who selected (%) | Average amount allocated when selected ($'000) |
---|---|---|
Training General Practitioners
|
61.0
|
17.9
|
School programs
|
36.6
|
10.9
|
Community programs
|
33.8
|
15.3
|
Family programs | 26.8 | 9.1 |
Integration between programs | 34.1 | 16.8 |
Targeting high risk groups | 53.7 | 15.4 |
Expand social work services | 43.9 | 21.1 |
Availability of self-help materials | 4.9 | 5.0 |
Community drug and alcohol counsellors | 31.7 | 14.0 |
Broad community development | 41.5 | 25.9 |
Promote safer drinking
|
31.7
|
8.7
|
Harm reduction code of practice | 46.3 | 9.3 |
Supply reduction code of practice | 29.3 | 8.4 |
Training hotel staff | 31.7 | 8.0 |
Regional radio | 29.3 | 6.7 |
Regional television | 26.8 | 11.9 |
Local newspapers | 26.8 | 7.9 |
Hospital/Emergency Departments
|
24.4
|
11.2
|
Training Emergency Department staff | 43.9 | 14.4 |
Training general hospital staff | 24.4 | 7.7 |
Support drug and alcohol specialist clinics | 17.1 | 16.5 |
Training ambulance officers | 12.2 | 6.3 |
Police activity
|
28.4
|
15.0
|
Enforcement of liquor licensing laws | 39.0 | 19.9 |
Random breath testing | 34.1 | 17.4 |
More effective sentencing options | 12.2 | 7.7 |
Pharmacists
|
14.6
|
6.0
|