Background
Study area
Ethnography
Materials and methods
Field works and collection of data
S N | Name | Age (Y) | Sex | Address | Occupation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Durga Pd Shrestha | 69 | M | Butwal-12 Kalikanagar, Rupandehi | Senior citizen, knowledgeable person |
2 | Mohan Lal Tharu | 26 | M | Motipur-5, Rupandehi | Plant collector |
3 | Babu Ram Rana | 65 | M | Paschim Amuwa-5, Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
4 | Laxman Aryal | 43 | M | Shankar Nagar-4, Rupandehi | Secretary, VDC, Shankar Nagar |
5 | Khadanand Poudyal | 58 | M | Shankar Nagar-4, Rupandehi. | Shopkeeper |
6 | Bhagirathi Tharu | 63 | M | Motipur-5, Rupandehi | Local healer (vaidya), farmer |
7 | Indra Bdr. Bhujel | 39 | M | Paschim Amuwa-4, Rupandehi | Fodder collector, farmer |
8 | Krishna Bdr. Rana | 64 | M | Ram Nagar Butwal-12, Rupandehi | Plant collector, farmer |
9 | Harka Bdr. Rasaily | 47 | M | Semlar-7, Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
10 | Yam Bdr. K. C. | 52 | M | Manpakadi-8, Rupandehi | Fodder expert, healer, farmer |
11 | Indrawati Tharuni | 58 | F | Sou. Pharsatikat-4, Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
12 | Khadak Thapa | 44 | M | Shankar Nagar-9, Rupandehi | Plant collector, farmer |
13 | Kishuni Tharuni | 49 | F | Dudhraksh- 5, Rupandehi | Plant collector, local healer |
14 | Yam Bdr Thapa Magar | 54 | M | Saljhandi-4, Rupandehi | Local healer, plant collector |
15 | Top Naarayan Ghimire | 56 | M | Motipur-4, Rupandehi | Secretary of chartapa irrigation, local healer, farmer |
16 | Ram Kumari Chai | 58 | F | Sikthan-4, Rupandehi | Active women farmer |
17 | Sher Bdr. Budhathoki | 73 | M | Kalika Nagar, Butwal-12, Rupandehi | Senior citizen, farmer |
18 | Gopal Pd. Neupane | 69 | M | Shankar Nagar-1 Chaparhatti, Rupandehi | Local knowledgeable healer, farmer |
19 | Khushi Lal Tharu | 58 | M | Motipur-5, Rupandehi | Plant collector, local healer (vaidya) |
20 | Narjeet Tharu | 53 | M | Motipur-7 Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
21 | Rajendra Lodh | 47 | M | Shankar Nagar-3, Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
22 | Nar Bdr. G. M. | 52 | M | Gopalpur, Kha Bangai-4 Rupandehi | Farmer, local healer |
23 | Sun Bdr. Gaha | 67 | M | Koldanda-1 Lagad, Palpa | Local Healer, head of Lagad Village, Palpa. |
24 | Luk Bdr. Gaha | 58 | M | Koldanda-1 Lagad, Palpa | Plant collector and exporter. |
25 | Punam Kunwar | 33 | F | Butwal-12, Rupandehi | Secretary, Butwal −12, service. |
26 | Laxmi Narayan Chaudhary | 48 | M | Parroha-2 Rupandehi | Farmer, local healer |
27 | Nar Bdr. Rana | 49 | M | Shital Nagar, Devdaha, Rupandehi | School teacher, farmer |
28 | Ram Ratan Gupta | 58 | M | Siloutiya 5 Marchwar, Rupandehi | Head master, secondary school, odwalia |
29 | Ganga Kharel | 47 | F | Shankar Nagar-3 Rupandehi | Health assistant |
30 | Bhim Pd Neupane | 66 | M | Motipur- 4 Rupandehi | Senior citizen, Ex VDC Chairman |
31 | Yam Bdr G.M. | 43 | M | Makrahar-6 Rupandehi | Local healer |
32 | Hare Ram Yadav | 55 | M | Motipur-2, Rupandehi | Mukhiya, Panchmauja, Chartapa irrigation, farmer |
33 | Mrs. Janaki Aryal | 48 | F | Motipur-7, Rupandehi | Social worker, farmer |
34 | Salik Ram Aryal | 64 | M | Sou-pharsatikar-1, Rupandehi | Senior citizen, Ex VDC chairman |
35 | Mrs. Rita Wasti | 52 | F | Motipur-7, Rupandehi | Farmer and knowledgeable woman |
36 | Krishna Chand Chaudhary | 59 | M | Kha-Bangai-4, Rupandehi | Local healer, farmer |
37 | Durga Khanal | 58 | M | Semlar-3, Rupandehi | Secretary of Semlar VDC |
38 | Chhabi Lal Neupane | 64 | M | Motipur-7, Rupandehi | Mukhiya, farmer |
39 | Chautare Pd. Tharu | 72 | M | Motipur-7, Rupandehi | Local healer,farmer, member of 11 mauja irrigation, chartapa |
40 | Krishna Kumar Thapa | 38 | M | Motipur-2, Rupandehi | Plant collector |
41 | Om Prakash Aryal | 38 | M | Motipur-9, Rupandehi | Farmer, plant collector |
42 | Ishwar Raj Lamsal | 58 | M | Butwal −10, Deepnagar, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person |
43 | Om Prakash Chaudhary | 52 | M | Butwal −13, Devinagar, Rupandehi. | Knowledgeable local healer & Farmer |
44 | Sohan Lal Chaudhary | 48 | M | Karhiya-2, Rupandehi | Plant collector & Farmer |
45 | Ram Prasad Tiwari | 62 | M | Tikuligadh-3, Rupandehi | Local Plant collector |
46 | Krishna Mohan Kohar | 42 | M | Basantpur-2 Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person, teacher |
47 | Rammu Prasad Chaudhary | 65 | M | Piparanhwa, Baguali-3, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person |
48 | Kamal Narayan Chaudhary | 55 | M | Anandban VDC-4, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person |
49 | Bhiku Prasad Chaudhary | 46 | M | Kalika Nagar, Butwal-12, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person |
50 | Dil Bahadur Mukhiya | 42 | M | Kalika Nagar Butwal- 13, Rupandehi | Plant collector |
51 | Mandali Tharu | 56 | M | Kha- Bangai-6, Rupandehi. | Local healer, Gurau |
52 | Tameshwar Tharu | 52 | M | Gopalpur, Kha- Bangai-2, Rupandehi | Local healer, plant collector |
53 | Harihar Tharu | 48 | M | Bhujauli, Kha- Bangai-7, Rupandehi | Local healer, plant collector |
54 | Tulshi Prasad Chaudhary | 53 | M | Kha-Bangai-6, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person |
55 | Khadag Bahadur Mahat | 51 | M | Kalika Nagar Butwal-12, Rupandehi | Knowledgeable person, social worker |
Processing of voucher specimens for herbarium preparation and identification
Statistical analysis
Result and discussion
Medicinal plants and their uses
Botanical name, family, voucher no. | F | Local name/habit/availability | Parts used | Usages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., Fabaceae, AGS-45 | 22 | Khayar (N/M)/Tree/Wild/Rare | Bark, wood | *Bark powder is applied on tooth ache. *Wood decoction is given orally in intestinal pain. Bark paste is applied in skin diseases. |
Acalypha indica L., Euphorbiaceae, AGS-66 | 15 | Mukta barshi jhar (N),/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | *Plant decoction is given orally in toothache and earache. *Leaf paste is applied on burns. *Fresh leaf juice is applied on rheumatoid arthritis. |
Acorus calamus L. Acoraceae, AGS-71 | 27 | Bojho (N)/Katara (Th)/Herb/Wild | Root | Juice of root is given orally in stomach disorders, bronchitis, fever and its small piece chewed to clear the throat and open the voice. |
Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae, AGS- 33 | 33 | Ulta chirchiri (Th)/Datiwan (N)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Decoction of plant is given as diuretic. Root juice is applied to treat toothache. *Root juice is given orally asthma. Stem is used as toothbrush in tooth problems. |
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb., Rutaceae, AGS- 25 | 20 | Bel (N/Th) /Tree/Cultivated | Fruit pulp, leaf and root | Fruit juice is given orally in Diarrhoea and dysentery. Leaves are given orally in stomach disorders. *Root juice is given orally in fever and vomiting. |
Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae, AGS-49 | 38 | Gandhe jhar (N)/Gandhaula (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Leaf | Leaf juice is given to cure bleeding from cuts and wounds. Plant paste is applied to cure muddy wounds between toes during rainy season. |
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Aloaceae, AGS- 38 | 35 | Ghiu Kumari (N)/Ghrit Kumari (Th) Herb/Cultivated | Leaf juice Leaf pulp | *Leaf pulp is given orally in lung disease and stomach disorders. Leaf pulp is applied on skin burns. |
Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae, AGS-15 | 38 | Ban lunde (N)/Kande Lundo (M)/Herb/Wild, easily | Tender shoot, root | Root decoction is given as diuretic. Tender shoot is given to cure leucorrhoea, flatulence, and colic pain. |
Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae, AGS-11 | 36 | Bharbhanda (Th)/Herb/Wild, easily | Milky juice and root | Milky juice of the plant is applied on tumors and skin diseases. Root paste is applied on skin diseases and flatulence. |
Artemisia indica Willd. Asteraceae, AGS-52 | 18 | Tite pati (N)/Pati (Th)/Herb/wild or cultivated | Tender shoot and leaves | *Leaf juice is given orally in bronchitis. Leaf paste is applied in skin diseases. Dried tender shoot powder is given orally in fever. |
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Liliaceae, AGS-28 | 31 | Kurilo(N)/Santawar (Th)/Herb/cultivated | Tuberous root | Dried root powder is given orally with hot water to cure urinary troubles. Root decoction is given orally after delivery as tonic. Tuberous root powder is given orally to increase lactation. |
Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, AGS- 8 | 76 | Neem (N/M/Th)/Tree/Wild and cultivated | Tender shoot, leaf and bark/Tree | Decoction of fresh leaves is used to wash skin to treat scabies. Young stem is used as tooth brush in tooth problems. Fresh leaves are given orally for the purification of blood and for control of sugar level. Tender twigs paste is applied on wounds for early healing. |
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennel, Scorphulariaceae, AGS-21 | 16 | Jal nim, Brahami(N)/Khole Sag (M/Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily in northern parts, rare in southern parts | Entire plants/Herb | Plant juice is given orally as diuretic, cardiac tonic and memory enhancer. Plant juice is given as hair tonic especially in thinning and falling hairs. |
Bauhinia variegata L. Fabaceae, AGS-68 | 42 | Koiralo (N)/Koilar (Th)/Tree/cultivated | Bark and flower juice | *Bark decoction and flower juice are given in Diarrhoea, dysentery, indigestion and body ache. *Bark decoction is given to cure tumors. |
Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae, AGS- 35 | 22 | Simal (N)/Semar (Th)/Tree/Wild/Rare | Root | Root decoction is given as tonic, anti-dysenteric and in urinary troubles. *Bark decoction is given orally in bronchial diseases. |
Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton, Asclepiadaceae, AGS-12 | 15 | Aank (N)/Madar (Th)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Root, Milky latex and flower/Shrub | Root paste applied on boils, pimples, and skin disease. Milky latex is applied on muscular pain, cut, wounds, boils, and ringworm. *Flower powder is given orally in cough, cold, and bronchitis. |
Carica papaya L. Caricaceae | 18 | Mewa (N)/Papita, Larmewa (Th)/Shrub/cultivated | Latex and fruit | *Milky latex is given in toothache and dysentery. |
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae, AGS- 36 | 29 | Ghod Tapre (N)/Ghortapya, Bhatbhate(Th)/Herb/wild | Entire plant | Plant decoction is given orally as diuretic, tonic, blood purifier and in skin diseases, leprosy, and mental disorder. Leaf juice is given orally in indigestion. |
Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae, AGS-9 | 27 | Bethe (N)/Bethuwa (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Tender shoot and flower | Tender shoot and flower juice is given orally to kill and expel the round worm and in constipation. |
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Rutaceae, | 49 | Kagati (N)/Nibuwa (Th)/Shrub/Cultivated | Leaves and fruit | *Leaves are chewed to expel intestinal worms. *Rind paste and fruit juice is applied in pimples and dandruff. |
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Araceae, AGS-19 | 20 | Pindalu, Karkalo (N)/Gabha, Ghuiya (Th)/Herb/cultivated | Corm and tender aerial parts | *Petioles used as green vegetables in liver problems. *Corm paste is applied over cuts/wounds to stop bleeding. |
Coriandrum sativum L. Apiaceae | 18 | Dhaniya (N/M/Th)/Herb/cultivated | Leaf and seeds | *Leaf paste is applied on allergic inflammation. *Green leaves are used in the preparation of soft drink along with sugar and given orally inx stomachache. |
Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae | 84 | Besar (N)/Hardi (Th)/Herb/Cultivated | Rhizome | Rhizome decoction is given as stimulant, tonic, and blood purifier. Rhizome paste is externally applied on strains, wounds, and injuries. Fresh rhizome juice is given as anthelmintic. Rhizome powder is given orally with luck warm water in jaundice and liver disorders. |
Curcuma amada Roxb. Zingiberaceae, AGS-34 | 31 | Aama haldi (N)/Amaadi (Th) /Herb/ Cultivated | Rhizome/Herb | *Rhizome powder is given as digestive to clean throat and tongue. *Rhizome paste is externally applied on strains, rheumatism, and inflammation. |
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae, AGS- 65 | 53 | Aakashbeli (N)/Baora (Th)/Parasitic climber/wild | Entire plant | *Juice of the plant is given orally to treat fever. Plant paste is applied externally to treat headache, stomachache and rheumatism. Plant paste is applied on fractures. |
Cymbopogon citratis (DC. ex. Nees) Stapf, Poaceae, AGS-50 | 16 | Pire ghans (N)/Kagati ghans(Th)/Herb/Cultivated | Leaves | Leaves are used to make tea and given orally in cough, cold, headache, and fever. |
Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae, AGS-48 | 20 | Mothe (N)/Bhada (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Tuber | Tuber infusion, with sugar/salt is given orally in dysentery, Diarrhoea, and indigestion and as anti inflammatory agent. |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae, AGS-5 | 27 | Dubo (N)/Dub (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Plant paste is applied on cuts and wounds. *Root infusion along with sugar is given orally in bleeding piles and indigestion. *Plant juice used as eardrop in earache. |
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Fabaceae, AGS-40 | 18 | Sisau (N)/Sisava (Th)/Tree/cultivated and wild | Bark and leaf juice | Bark and leaf juice are given orally in Diarrhoea, dysentery and as anthelmintic. It is applied externally on cut and wounds. *Leaf decoction is given orally in gonorrhea. |
Datura metel L. Solanaceae, AGS-3 | 16 | Kalo Dhaturo (N/M)/herb/Wild/Easily | Leaf, stem and seed | Leaves juice is given orally in epilepsy. *Dried stem and leaves are smoked in asthma. *Seeds are boiled in mustard oil and massaged on joint pains. |
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro, Poaceae, AGS-67 | 27 | Tama Bans (N/M)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Tender shoot and stem node | *Stem node paste is applied on boils. *Tender shoots (Tama) is consumed as vegetable as aphrodisiac. |
Dioscorea pentaphylla L., Dioscoreaceae, AGS-32 | 18 | Bhyakur (N)/Ban Tarul (Th)/Climber/Wild | Rhizome | *Boiled Rhizome is given orally in abdominal pain. |
Drymaria diandra Blume Caryophyllaceae, AGS-64 | 16 | Abijalo (N), Sirbire Jhar (Th)/Herb/Wild/Rare | Entire plant | Root juice is inhaled to treat sinusitis. |
Eclipta prostrata L. Asteraceae, AGS-6 | 22 | Bhringi jhar, Bhringraaj (N)/Bhangaraila (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Plant paste is applied on cut, wounds, skin diseases, and pimples. |
Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae, AGS-22 | 33 | Dudhe Jhar (N)//Doodhe Jharra (Th) Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Plant juice is applied on cuts and wounds. Leaf juice is given orally in diarrhoea. |
Ficus benghalensis L., Moraceae, AGS-30 | 29 | Bar (N)/Bargad (Th)/Tree/Wild/Easily | Bark and milky latex/Tree | Bark infusion is given orally in diabetes. *Milky latex is applied on muscular pain. |
Gloriosa superba L., Liliaceae, AGS-31 | 38 | Karihari, Kewari (N)/Climber/Wild/Easy | *Rhizome paste is applied externally on ringworm and other skin diseases. | |
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., Convolvulaceae, AGS-16 | 40 | Kerunga Sag (N)/Kermua Sag, Karmaiya Sag (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Tender shoot | *Tender shoot is used as vegetable in gastric trouble and general debility. |
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae | 16 | Shakarkand (N)/Herb/Cultivated | Tuberous root and leaf juice | *Leaf juice is given orally in diabetes. |
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin, Convolvulaceae, AGS-23 | 16 | Behaya (Th),Besharam (N)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Latex of leaf and tender shoot | *Latex of leaf and tender shoot are applied as antiseptic on wounds between toes in rainy seasons. |
Justicia adhatoda L., Acanthaceae, AGS-14 | 42 | Asuro (N)/Ross (Th)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Leaf | Warm decoction of the leaves is given to treat asthma. Juice of fresh leaves along with honey is given orally as expectorant. Juice of leaf is inhaled in bleeding nose (sinusitis). Dried powder of entire plant parts is given in bronchitis and cough. |
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Cucurbitaceae | 18 | Lauka (N)/Climber/Cultivated | Leaf, fruit and seed | *Leaf decoction with sugar is given in jaundice. Fruit juice is given in diarrhoea and, dysentery *Seeds are given as mental tonic. |
Lepidium sativum L., Brassicaceae, AGS-63, | 33 | Chamsur (N/Th)/Herb/Cultivated and wild | Entire plant | Seed paste is applied on rheumatism. *Fresh leaves are given orally in liver problems. |
Linum usitatissimum L., Linaceae, | 18 | Tishi (Th), Alasa (N)/Herb/Cultivated | Seed, and seed oil | Seed oil is applied on burns and boils. *Seed poultice is applied on rheumatic and swellings. |
Malva parviflora L., Malvaceae, AGS-31 | 25 | Laphe sag (N)/Bariyara (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Tender shoots & Seeds | Decoction of seeds is given orally in cough and bronchitis. Tender shoots are given orally to treat swollen glands of throat. *Decoction of tender shoot and seeds are given orally to control irregular menstrual cycle. |
Melia azadirachta L., Meliaceae, AGS- 41 | 60 | Bakaino (N)/Bakain (Th)/Tree/Wild/Easy | Entire plant | Root decoction is given orally as blood purifier. Leaf paste is applied on scabies. Poultice of flower is applied externally in skin eruption. |
Mentha spicata L., Lamiaceae, AGS-18 | 38 | Pudina (N)/Patina (Th)/Herb/Cultivated | Entire plant | Leaves decoction is given orally to cure throat infection and indigestion. *Decoction of leaves with cinnamon is given orally to women for easy delivery. |
Mimosa pudica L., Fabaceae, AGS-60 | 20 | Boohari Jhar (N)/Lajjalu Jhar (Th)/herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | *Leaf paste is applied on hydrocele. *Leaf and root paste are given orally in piles. Decoction of plant is given in Diarrhoea, dysentery and leucorrhoea. |
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Fabaceae, AGS-53 | 27 | Kauso (N)/Kewanch (Th) Climber/Wild/Easily | Roots, fruits and seeds | Root decoction is useful in frequent urination. *Leaf decoction is given orally in weakness and headache. |
Musa paradisiaca L., Musaceae | 18 | Kera (N/M/Th)/Shrub/Cultivated | Leaf, flower and fruit | Unripe fruits are roasted and given orally in Diarrhoea and dysentery. Extract of flowers, fruits and leaves are applied on skin burns. Stem extract reduces sugar level in blood. |
Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Lamiaceae, AGS-24 | 47 | Krishna Tulsi (N)/Kalo Tulsi (M)/Tilsi (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plants/Herb | Decoction of, plant is given in fever, cough, cold, headache, nausea, Diarrhoea, dysentery and skin diseases. Leaf juice is used as ear drops in earache. Leaf powder with honey is given orally in diabetics. |
Phragmites vallatoria (L.) Veldkamp, Poaceae, AGS-64, | 21 | Narkat (N//M/Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Root/Herb | *Root decoction is given orally as refrigerant, diuretic and diaphoretic. |
Phyllanthus emblica L., Euphorbiaceae, AGS-17 | 45 | Amala (N)/Aura (Th)/Tree/cultivated, | Bark juice and fruit. | Bark juice is given orally in dysentery, constipation, and body ache. Fruits decoction is given orally in shore throat and as tonic. |
Polygonum barbatum L., Polygonaceae, AGS-26, | 13 | Pire Jhar (N)/Bisnair (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Poultice is applied externally on swelling parts of the body. *Root is given orally as astringent and cooling agent. Leaf decoction is applied externally to wash ulcers. |
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz Apocynaceae, AGS-37 | 47 | Sarpagandha (N)/Chand maruwa (M)/Dhaldhaliya (Th)/Shrub/Rare in southern parts and Cultivated in northern parts | Leaf & root | Dried root powder is given orally to reduce high blood pressure. Root infusion is given orally in intestinal disorders. *Leaf juice is used as remedy for the removal of opacities of cornea. Root paste is applied on cuts, wounds, or boils. |
Rumex nepalensis Spreng, Polygonaceae, AGS-61 | 24 | Halhale Sag (N/Th)/Ban Palungo (M)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | Seeds infusion is used in mouth disorders. Root paste applied externally on joint pains and wounds. Fresh leaf extract and sap is applied on cuts, wounds, and swellings. |
Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae, AGS-4 | 31 | Ander (N)/Redi, Yamyam (Th)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Root and seed | Root juice is given orally in diarrhoea, dysentery, and skin diseases. *Seed oil is applied as massage for babies and also applied on sole to relief from burning sensation. Seed oil is given orally in constipation and rheumatic pain. |
Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn., Dipterocarpaceae, AGS19 | 20 | Sal (N)/Sakhuwa (Th)/Tree/Wild and cultivated | Root, Bark, resin and seed | Decoction is given orally in Diarrhoea and bloody dysentery. *Bark juice is used as eardrop in earache. |
Solanum nigrum L., Solanaceae, AGS-2 | 36 | Kali gedi (N)/Kamai (Th)/Herb/Wild/Easily | Entire plant | *Unripe fruits paste is applied on ringworm. Ripe fruits are given orally in constipation. Plant paste is applied externally in headaches and joint pain. Plant juice is given orally in liver enlargement, dysentery and fever |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Myrtaceae, AGS-29 | 40 | Phader (N)/Jamuno (M)/Jam (Th)/Tree/Wild and cultivated | Bark and fruit | Bark juice is given orally in Diarrhoea, dysentery, cut and wounds. Fruits are given orally in indigestion and constipation. Bark, Leaf and seed powder is given orally to reduce sugar level in blood. |
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Combretaceae, AGS-39 | 36 | Barro (N)/Baheda (Th)/Tree/cultivated | Stem bark and fruit. | Bark juice is applied externally in cut, wounds, and skin diseases. Fruits powder is given orally in cough, cold, respiratory problems, fever, and indigestion. |
Terminalia chebula Retz., Combretaceae, AGS-64 | 36 | Harro (N)/Harad (Th)/Tree/cultivated | Stem bark and fruit. | *Bark is chewed in urinary problems. Fruits are given orally in cough, cold, respiratory troubles, fever, and indigestion and stomach problems. |
Tribulus terrestris L., Zygophyllaceae, AGS-47 | 16 | Gokharu, Gaikhure Jhar (N)/Herb/Wild/Rare | Entire plant | *Decoction is given orally in urinogenital tract infection. |
Vitex negundo L., Vitaceae, AGS-69 | 38 | Simali (N)/Shrub/Wild/Easily | Leaf juice and bark | Leaf juice is given orally in cough, cold, sinusitis, fever, stomach problems, and rheumatic swellings. Bark paste is applied on boils. |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae | 73 | Aduwa (N)/Suntho (Th)/Herb/cultivated | Rhizome | Rhizome juice is given in cough, cold, fever, indigestion, and constipation. Rhizome is chewed in bronchial infections. |
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., Rhamnaceae, AGS-43 | 51 | Bayer (N)/Tree/Wild/easily | Stem bark and fruit. | The juice of bark is given orally to treat Diarrhoea and dysentery. Ripe fruit are given orally in indigestion, constipation and other stomach problems. |
Ailment categories | Biomedical terms | 1NTAXA | 2NUR | 3FIC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gastro-intestinal disorders | Constipation, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Nausea, Indigestion, Vomiting, Stomach-ache, Gastric trouble, Loss of appetite, Intestinal worms, colic pain, Flatulence, piles | 41 | 836 | 0.95 |
Dermatological disorders and cosmetics | Cut, Wounds, Boils, Pimples, Skin rushes, Ringworm, Scabies, Leprosy, Skin burns, Skin blemishes, Ecto-parasites, Skin diseases, Hair problems, Body Inflammation | 34 | 591 | o.94 |
Respiratory diseases | Common cold, cough, asthma, Bronchitis, Chest pain, Lung disorders | 13 | 235 | 0.94 |
Fevers | Ordinary fever, diaphoretic Malaria, Typhoid, | 11 | 213 | 0.95 |
Ureno-genital problems | Sexual debility, Infertility, Leucorrhoea, Gonorrhoea, Menstrual disorders, Frequent urination, Diuretic, aphrodisiac | 14 | 190 | 0.93 |
Ear, Nose, Throat problems | Earache, Throat shore, Nose bleeding, Sinusitis | 12 | 205 | 0.94 |
Oral and dental disorders | Toothache, Mouth shore, | 8 | 141 | 0.95 |
Mental disorders | Mental tonic, memory tonic, Epilepsy | 4 | 44 | 0.93 |
Skelto-muscular pain and swelling | Body ache, muscular pain, Sprain, Strain, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Head ache, Joint pain, swelling | 16 | 245 | 0.93 |
Cardio-vascular disorder | Cardiac, blood pressure | 2 | 35 | 97 |
Other | Fracture, Tonic, Lactation, Easy delivery, Tumour, Diabetes, Cooling agent, stimulant and Eye problems | 20 | 414 | 0.95 |
Total | 175 4 | 3149 | 0.94 |
Ailment categories | Bio-medical terms | Local terms |
---|---|---|
Gastro-intestinal disorders | Constipation | Kabjiyat hunu/Pet safa na hune |
Diarrhoea | Pani jasto patlo dish hune | |
Dysentery | Aau pareko | |
Nausea | Kamjori hune wak-wak lagne | |
Indigestion | Khana apach hune | |
Vomiting | Banta/Ulti hune | |
Stomachache | Pet dukhne | |
Gastric trouble | Pet dhadiyeko | |
Loss of appetite | Khana ruchi na lagne/Bhok na lagne | |
Intestinal worms | Pet ma juka parnu | |
Colic pain | Tallo pet dukhne | |
Flatulence | Bayu gola le pet dukhne | |
Piles | Disha garne thaun ma mashu palaune | |
Dermatological disorders & cosmetics | Cuts | Katiyeko |
Wounds | Ghau | |
Boils | Pilo, Khatira | |
Pimples | Dandiphore | |
Skin rushes | Chhala ma chilaune, rato dana hune | |
Ringworm | Daad hune, Chhala ko rog | |
Scabies | Luto, Kanaune rog, Khujali hune | |
Leprosy | Kushta rog | |
Skin burns | Ghamle chhala dadeko | |
Skin blemishes | Chhala ma hune rog | |
Ecto-parasites | Jumra parnu, juka lagnu | |
Skin diseases | Charma rog | |
Hair problems | Rauko rog, Kapal ko samsya | |
Body inflammation | Sarir sunnine ra polne | |
Respiratory diseases & Fever | Common cold | Chiso lageko |
Cough | Khoki lageko | |
Asthma | Dam rog bhayeko, Swash phulne rog | |
Bronchitis | Ghanti ko rog | |
Chest pain | Chhati Dukheho | |
Lung disorders | Fokswo ko rog | |
Ordinary fever | Samanaya rog | |
Diaphoretic | Pasina bagaune rog | |
Malaria | Aulo Jwaro | |
Typhoid | Miyadi Jwaro | |
Ureno-genital disorders | Sexual debility | Saririk Kamjori |
Infertility | Youn Durbalta | |
Leucorrhoea | Swet Pradar/Yoni bat seto pani bagne | |
Gonorrhoea | Yoni bat ganaune pani jasto aaune/Estree haru ma youn rog | |
Menstrual disorders | Nachune huda ko rog/Mahinwari huda lagne rog | |
Frequent urination | Pishab aayee rakhne | |
Diuretic | Pishab kholne | |
Aphrodisiac | Youn bardhak/Youn ko tagat | |
Ear, Nose, Throat problems | Earache | Kan dukhne |
Throat sore | Ghanti baseko | |
Nose bleeding | Nak bat ragat bagne | |
Sinusitis | Pinas bhayeko | |
Oral & Dental disorders | Toothache | Dant Dukheko |
Mouth sore | Mukhma ghau, dana hune | |
Mental disorders | Mental tonic | Buddhi badhaune aushadhi |
Memory tonic | Smaranshakti badhaune aushadhi | |
Epilepsy | Chhare rog/Mirgi rog | |
Skeleto-muscular pain & swelling | Body-ache | Jiu dukheko |
Muscular pain | Manspeshi haru dukheko | |
Sprain | Markeko | |
Strain | Tanaw bhayeko | |
Rheumatism | Baath bhayeko | |
Arthritis | Jorni dukheko | |
Headache | Tauko dukheko | |
Joint pain | Jorniharu dukheko | |
Swelling | Sunniyeko | |
Cardiovascular disorders | Cardiac tonic | Mutu lai tagat dine aushadhi |
Blood pressure | Rakta chaap bhayeko | |
Others | Fracture | Haadi bhachiyeko |
Tonic | Tagat dine aushadhi | |
Lactation | Dudh badhaune | |
Easy delivery | Sajilai sutkeri garaune | |
Tumour | Mashu badheko | |
Diabetes | Chinirog/Madhumeh bhayeko | |
Cooling agent | Shitalta dine aushadhi | |
Stimulant | Uttejana badhaune aushadhi | |
Eye problems | Aankh ko rog |