Background
Methods
Design
Ethics, consent and permissions
Measures
Types of gambling
Gambling Participation (past 3 months)
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | ||
(n = 4,937) | (n = 5,098) | (n = 10,035) | ||
Gambling Behaviours Played for Money
| %a
| %a
| %a
| Chi-Square |
Internet Gambling | ||||
Internet Poker | 6.2 | 1.1b
| 3.6 |
X
2
= 34.1(1), p < 0.001 |
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Online | 12.1 | 2.7 | 7.3 |
X
2
= 45.3(1), p < 0.001 |
Slot Machines Online | 3.3 | 1.7b
| 2.5 |
X
2
= 4.7(1), p = 0.03 |
Overall Participation in Internet Gambling | 15.3 | 3.7 | 9.4 |
X
2
= 34.5(1) p < 0.001 |
Land Based Gambling | ||||
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Not Online | 14.2 | 3.9 | 9.0 |
X
2
= 132.5(1), p < 0.001 |
Slot Machines Not Online | 2.7b
| NR | 1.9b
|
X
2
= 5.70(1) p = 0.02 |
Arcade or Video Games | 14.5 | 5.1 | 9.7 |
X
2
= 140.9(1), p < 0.001 |
Sport Select (e.g., Pro Line, Over/Under) | 12.3b
| 2.2b
| 7.2 |
X
2
= 46.7(1), p < 0.001 |
Lottery Tickets (e.g., 6/49, Super 7) | 10.8 | 8.5 | 9.6 |
X
2
= 5.5(1) p = 0.02 |
Instant-Win or Scratch Tickets | 14.2 | 13.3 | 13.8 |
X
2
= 0.6(1) p = 0.44 |
Cards (e.g., Poker, Black Jack) | 14.4 | 3.2b
| 8.7 |
X
2
= 68.7(1), p < 0.001 |
Board Games or Dice | 9.5 | 2.2b
| 5.8 |
X
2
= 51.5(1), p < 0.001 |
Video Lottery Terminals | 3.8 | 0.9b
| 2.4 |
X
2
= 20.0 (1), p < 0.001 |
Horse Races (at track or off-track) | 3.8 | 2.1b
| 3.0 |
X
2
= 6.3(1), p = 0.01 |
Games of Skill (e.g., pool, darts, etc.) | 16.6 | 8.4 | 12.4 |
X
2
= 172.2(1), p < 0.001 |
Dare or Challenge | 24.5 | 19.8 | 22.1 |
X
2
= 29.2(1), p < 0.001 |
Bingo | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.8 |
X
2
= 1.06(1), p = 0.30 |
Internet Gambling Behaviours Played for Fun (no money)
| ||||
Internet Poker | 14.6 | 3.8 | 9.1 |
X
2
= 81.8(1), p < 0.001 |
Internet Slots | 6.6 | 3.3 | 4.9 |
X
2
= 33.6(1), p < 0.001 |
Gambling Games on Facebook | 11.7 | 6.4b
| 9.0 |
X
2
= 14.0(1), p < 0.001 |
Free simulated gambling
Gambling participation
Online vs. land-based gamblers
Gambling across multiple types of games
Analyses
Results
Gambling behaviour by gender
Gambling participation by age
Current Participation (past 3 months)
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 years or younger | 15 years | 16 years | 17 years | 18 years or older | |
(n = 1,883) | (n = 2,641) | (n = 2,490) | (n = 2,140) | (n = 824) | |
Gambling Behaviours Played for Money
| %a
| %a
| %a
| %a
| %a
|
Internet Gambling | |||||
Internet Poker** | 9.7b
| 24.5 | 19.9 | 33.4 | 12.5b
|
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Online | 15.7 | 27.0 | 22.6 | 26.9 | 7.7 |
Slot Machines Online | 17.3b
| 20.8b
| 17.8b
| 25.6b
| 18.5b
|
Land Based Gambling | |||||
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Not Online* | 13.3 | 23.4 | 28.5 | 26.5 | 8.2b
|
Slot Machines Not Online** | 8.7b
| 15.9b
| 17.4b
| 33.4b
| NR |
Arcade or Video Games | 16.9b
| 27.3 | 24.0 | 20.8 | 11.0b
|
Sport Select (e.g., Pro Line, Over/Under) | 11.9 | 22.5 | 25.0 | 30.2 | 10.4b
|
Lottery Tickets (e.g., 6/49, Super 7)*** | 7.2 | 15.2 | 19.0 | 26.4 | 32.2 |
Instant-Win or Scratch Tickets*** | 12.8 | 18.6 | 19.9b
| 24.3 | 24.5b
|
Cards (e.g., Poker, Black Jack) | 12.4b
| 20.2 | 21.7 | 33.4 | 12.2 |
Board Games or Dice | 10.6b
| 22.4 | 26.9 | 30.2 | 9.9 |
Video Lottery Terminals | NR | 21.5b
| 20.6 | 31.9b
| NR |
Horse Races (at track or off-track)* | NR | 17.0 | 19.8b
| 35.7 | NR |
Games of Skill (e.g., pool, darts, etc.) | 17.1 | 22.3 | 23.5 | 27.9 | 9.2b
|
Dare or Challenge* | 14.0 | 24.6 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 11.5 |
Bingo | 16.3b
| 22.8 | 23.0b
| 22.7 | 15.3b
|
Internet Gambling Behaviours Played for Fun (no money)
| |||||
Internet Poker | 16.1 | 20.0 | 21.8 | 30.1 | 12.0 |
Internet Slots | 18.6 | 22.4 | 22.1 | 27.9 | 9.0b
|
Gambling Games on Facebook | 18.3 | 26.1 | 21.2 | 25.9 | 8.5b
|
Frequency of gambling
Current Participation (past 3 months)
| |||
---|---|---|---|
At Least Weekly | At Least Monthly | Total | |
Gambling Behaviours Played for Money
| %a
| %a
| %a
|
Internet Gambling | |||
Internet Poker | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.7 |
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Online | 2.5 | 4.8b
| 7.3 |
Slot Machines Online | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.4 |
Land Based Gambling | |||
Sports Pools (e.g., Hockey, Baseball) Not Online | 2.7 | 6.2 | 8.9 |
Slot Machines Not Online | 1.1b
| NR | 1.9 |
Arcade or Video Games | 2.3 | 7.3 | 9.6 |
Sport Select (e.g., Pro Line, Over/Under) | 2.4 | 4.7b
| 7.1 |
Lottery Tickets (e.g., 6/49, Super 7) | 2.0b
| 7.6 | 9.6 |
Instant-Win or Scratch Tickets | 2.1 | 11.6 | 13.7 |
Cards (e.g., Poker, Black Jack) | 1.9 | 6.8 | 8.7 |
Board Games or Dice | 2.0 | 3.8 | 5.8 |
Video Lottery Terminals | 1.1b
| 1.3b
| 2.4 |
Horse Races (at track or off-track) | 1.2b
| 1.8 | 3.0 |
Games of Skill (e.g., pool, darts, etc.) | 3.1 | 9.4 | 12.5 |
Dare or Challenge | 3.6 | 18.5 | 22.1 |
Bingo | 1.7 | 5.1 | 6.8 |
Internet Gambling Behaviours Played for Fun (no money)
| |||
Internet Poker | 3.0 | 6.1 | 9.1 |
Internet Slots | 1.7 | 3.3 | 5.0 |
Gambling Games on Facebook | 3.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 |
Free simulated gambling prevalence
Current Participation (past 3 monthsd
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Non-Gamblers | Gamblers | ||
(n = 5902) | (n = 3928) | Chi-Square | |
Internet Gambling Behaviours Played for Fun (no money)
| %a
| %a
| |
Internet Poker | 5.0 | 14.7 |
X
2
= 52.3(1), p < 0.001 |
Internet Slots | 2.3a
| 8.6 |
X
2
= 51.2(1), p < 0.001 |
Gambling games on Facebook | 4.8a
| 14.6 |
X
2
= 38.1(1), p < 0.001 |
Online gambling among adolescents who had participated in gambling
Problem gambling prevalence by online vs. land based gambling
Problem Gambling Severity Subscore (CAGI) | Online Gambler (n = 758) | Land-Based Only Gambler (n = 2924) | Chi-Square |
---|---|---|---|
No problem gambling | 64.4 % | 91.6 % |
X
2
= 128.07 p < 0.001 |
Low to moderate problem gambling | 18.2 % | 7.2 % | |
High gambling severity | 17.4 % | 1.2%b
|