Background
Methods
Study area and experimental sites
Mosquito trapping methods
Mosquito electrocuting grids (MET)
Human landing catch (HLC)
Experimental design
Processing of samples
Data analysis
Catching sensitivity in alternative trap relative to human landing catch
Effect of hour of night (time) on sampling efficiency of MET
Density dependence
Estimating epidemiologically relevant metrics of mosquito behaviours and human exposure patterns
Results
Collection sites | Catch per method | Total catch | Relative sensitivity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MET | HLC | |||
Anopheles gambiae s.l. | ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 102 | 129 | 231 | 0.78 |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 492 | 236 | 728 | 2.08 |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 127 | 98 | 225 | 1.30 |
Overall catch | 721 | 463 | 1184 | 1.56 |
Anopheles funestus
| ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Overall catch | 2 | 1 | 3 | NA |
Anopheles tenebrosus
| ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 5 | 3 | 8 | 1.67 |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 47 | 64 | 111 | 0.73 |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 24 | 43 | 67 | 0.58 |
Overall catch | 76 | 110 | 186 | 0.69 |
Culex spp. | ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 10,172 | 10,986 | 21,156 | 0.93 |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 10,418 | 11,327 | 21,745 | 0.92 |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 8338 | 8573 | 16,911 | 0.97 |
Overall catch | 28,928 | 30,886 | 59,814 | 0.94 |
Mansonia sp. | ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 36 | 28 | 64 | 1.29 |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 315 | 558 | 873 | 0.56 |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 32 | 26 | 58 | 1.23 |
Overall catch | 384 | 612 | 995 | 0.63 |
Aedes aegypti
| ||||
Kigogo Mkwajuni (urban) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Bughudad (semi-urban) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Pemba Mnazi (rural) | 20 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Overall catch | 20 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Collection methods | Trap nights | Total catch | Mean catch | RR [95 % CI] | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anopheles gambiae s.l. | |||||
Indoors
| |||||
HLC | 308 | 226 | 0.73 | 1a
| NA |
MET | 308 | 348 | 1.13 | 1.47 [1.23–1.76] | <0.0001 |
Outdoors
| |||||
HLC | 308 | 237 | 0.77 | 1a
| |
MET | 308 | 373 | 1.12 | 1.38 [1.14–1.67] | <0.0001 |
Indoors and outdoors combined
| |||||
HLC | 616 | 463 | 0.75 | 1a
| |
MET | 616 | 721 | 1.17 | 1.42 [1.24–3.48] | <0.0001 |
Culex spp. | |||||
Indoors
| |||||
HLC | 308 | 13,613 | 44.19 | 1a
| |
MET | 308 | 12,576 | 40.83 | 0.93 [0.90–0.95] | <0.0001 |
Outdoors
| |||||
HLC | 308 | 17,273 | 56.08 | 1a
| NA |
MET | 308 | 16,352 | 53.09 | 0.95 [0.93–0.97] | <0.0001 |
Indoors and outdoors combined
| |||||
HLC | 616 | 30,886 | 50.14 | 1a
| |
MET | 616 | 28,928 | 46.96 | 0.94 [0.92–0.95] | <0.0001 |
Method | Proportion caught indoors (Pi) | Proportion caught during sleeping hours (Pfl) | Proportion of human exposure occurring indoors (πi) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR [95 % CI] | P | OR [95 % CI] | P | OR [95 % CI] | P | |
Anopheles gambiae
| ||||||
HLC | 1a
| NA | NA | 1a
| NA | |
MET | 1.12 [0.84–1.51] | 0.43 | 0.76 [0.56–1.03] | 0.07 | 0.84 [0.51–1.37] | 0.48 |
Culex spp. | ||||||
HLC | 1a
| NA | NA | NA | ||
MET | 0.99 [0.96–1.03] | 0.76 | 1.02 [0.99–1.06] | 0.24 | 1.02 [0.96–1.07] | 0.55 |