Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Konkret geht es um den Diabetes-Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen oder Risiken, die Herzinsuffizienz sowie die kardiovaskuläre Primär- und Sekundärprävention. Sind Sie hier schon auf dem neuesten Stand? Unsere Experten beleuchten, wo und warum das bisherige Procedere geändert werden soll und was in der Praxis sinnvoll ist. Holen Sie sich Ihr Update und 2 CME-Punkte beim MMW-Webinar am 24. April von 17.30 bis 19 Uhr. 
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 4/2016

12.01.2016 | Original Paper

An Investigation into Suicides Among Bhutanese Refugees Resettled in the United States Between 2008 and 2011

verfasst von: Ashley K. Hagaman, Teresa I. Sivilli, Trong Ao, Curtis Blanton, Heidi Ellis, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, Sharmila Shetty

Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

An increase of Bhutanese refugee suicides were reported in the US between 2009 and 2012. This investigation examined these reported suicides in depth to gain a better understanding of factors associated with suicide within this population. The study employed 14 psychological autopsies to elicit underlying motivations and circumstances for self-inflicted death and to identify potential future avenues for prevention and intervention among refugee communities. Disappointment with current (un)employment, lack of resettlement services and social support, and frustrations with separation from family were believed to contribute to suicidal acts. Suicide within refugee populations may be connected with experiences of family withdrawal, integration difficulties, and perceived lack of care. It is important to assess the effectiveness of improving refugee services on the mental health of migrants. More research is needed in order to better understand, and respond to, suicide in resettled populations.
Literatur
1.
Hutt M. Unbecoming citizens: culture, nationhood, and the flight of refugees from Bhutan. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.
2.
3.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention. Suicide and suicidal ideation among bhutanese refugees—United States, 2009–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(26):533.
4.
5.
Miret M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Sanchez-Moreno J, Vieta E. Depressive disorders and suicide: epidemiology, risk factors, and burden. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37(10):2372–4.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Schinina G, Sharma S, Gorbacheva O, Mishra AK. Who am I? Assessment of psychosocial needs and suicide risk factors among bhutanese Refugees in Nepal and after third country resettlement. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM); 2011.
7.
Tondo L, Isacsson G, Baldessarini RJ. Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(7):491–511.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Undurraga J, Baldessarini RJ, Valenti M, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E. Suicidal risk factors in bipolar I and II disorder patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(6):778–82.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Marshall GN, Schell TL, Elliott MN, Berthold SM, Chun CA. Mental health of Cambodian refugees 2 decades after resettlement in the United States. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2005;294(5):571–9.CrossRef
10.
Beswick S. “If You Leave Your Country You Have No Life!” Rape, suicide, and violence: the voices of Ethiopian, Somali, and Sudanese female refugees in Kenyan refugee camps. Northeast Afri Stud. 2001;8(3):69–98.CrossRef
11.
Hansson EK, Tuck A, Lurie S, McKenzie K. Rates of mental illness and suicidality in immigrant, refugee, ethnocultural, and racialized groups in Canada: a review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57(2):111–21.PubMed
12.
Porter M, Haslam N. Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2005;294(5):602–12.CrossRef
13.
Procter NG. ‘They first killed his heart (then) he took his own life’. Part 1: a review of the context and literature on mental health issues for refugees and asylum seekers. Int J Nurs Pract. 2005;11(6):286–91.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Rahman A, Hafeez A. Suicidal feelings run high among mothers in refugee camps: a cross-sectional survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108(5):392–3.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Papadopoulos R. Systemic challenges in a refugee camp. Context. 2008;98:16–9.
16.
Tinghög P, Hemmingsson T, Lundberg I. To what extent may the association between immigrant status and mental illness be explained by socioeconomic factors? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007;42(12):990–6.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Hansen KL, Sørlie T. Ethnic discrimination and psychological distress: a study of Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway. Transcult Psychiatry. 2012;49(1):26–50.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Ferrada-Noli M, Asberg M, Ormstad K. Suicidal behavior after severe trauma. Part 2: the association between methods of torture and of suicidal ideation in posttraumatic stress disotrder. J Trauma Stress. 1998;11(1):113–24.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Ferrada-Noli M, Asberg M, Ormstad K, Lundin T, Sundbom E. Suicidal behavior after severe trauma. Part 1: PTSD diagnoses, psychiatric comorbidity, and assessments of suicidal behavior. J Trauma Stress. 1998;11(1):103–12.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Pradhan A, Poudel P, Thomas D, Barnett S. A review of the evidence: suicide among women in Nepal. Kathmandu: National Health Sector Support Program, Ministry of Health and Population; 2011. p. 117.
21.
Suvedi BK, Pradhan A, Barnett S, Puri M, Chitrakar SR, Poudel P, Sharma S, Hulton L. Nepal maternal mortality and morbidity study 2008/2009: summary of preliminary findings. Kathmandu: Family Health division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal; 2009.
22.
23.
Hendin H, Phillips MR, Vijayakumar L, Pirkis J, Wang H, Yip P, Wasserman D, Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A. Suicide and suicide prevention in Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
24.
Jordans MJ, Kaufman A, Brenman NF, Adhikari RP, Luitel NP, Tol WA, Komproe I. Suicide in South Asia: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14(1):358.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Vijayakumar L, Nagaraj K, Pirkis J, Whiteford H. Suicide in developing countries. Frequencies, distribution, and association with socioeconomic indicators. Crisis. 2005;26(3):104–11.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Vijayakumar L, Rajkumar S. Are risk factors for suicide universal? A case-control study in India. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;99(6):407–11.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, Butchart A, Besbelli N. Suicide, suicide attempts and pesticides: a major hidden public health problem. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84:260.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Cavanagh JT, Carson AJ, Sharpe M, Lawrie S. Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2003;33(3):395–405.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Clark DC, Horton-Deutsch SL. Assessment in absentia: the value of the psychological autopsy method for studying antecedents of suicide and predicting future suicides. In: Maris RW, Berman AL, Maltsberger JT, Yufit RI, editors. Assessment and prediction of suicide. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1992. p. 144–182.
30.
Gajalakshmi V, Peto R. Suicide rates in rural Tamil Nadu, south India: verbal autopsy of 39,000 deaths in 1997–98. Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007;36:203–7.
31.
Phillips MR, Yang G, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ji H, Zhou M. Risk factors for suicide in China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study. Lancet. 2002;360(9347):1728–36.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Appleby L, Cooper J, Amos T, Faragher B. Psychological autopsy study of suicides by people aged under 35. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;175(2):168–74.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Khuon F, Lavelle J. Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144(4):497–500.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Kleijn W, Hovens J, Rodenburg J. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in refugees: assessments with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins symptom Checklist-25 in different languages. Psychol Rep. 2001;88(2):527–32.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Mollica RF, McInnes K, Sarajlić N, Lavelle J, Sarajlić I, Massagli MP. Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 1999;282(5):433–9.CrossRef
36.
Fawzi S, Murphy E, Pham T, Lin L, Poole C, Mollica R. The validity of screening for post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression among Vietnamese former political prisoners. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;95(2):87–93.CrossRef
37.
Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Bollini P, Truong T, Tor S, Lavelle J. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180(2):111–6.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Alley JC. Life-threatening indicators among the Indochinese refugees. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1982;12(1):46–51.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Fazel M, Wheeler J, Danesh J. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review. Lancet. 2005;365(9467):1309–14.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Pyakurel R, Sharma N, Paudel D, Coghill A, Sinden L, Bost L, Larkin M, Burrus CJ, Roy K. Cause of death in women of reproductive age in rural Nepal obtained through community-based surveillance: is reducing maternal mortality the right priority for women’s health programs? Health Care Women Int. 2015;36(6):655–62. doi: 10.​1080/​07399332.​2014.​908193.CrossRefPubMed
41.
42.
Widger T. Suffering, frustration, and anger: class, gender and history in Sri Lankan suicide stories. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2012;36(2):225–44.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Chua JL. In pursuit of the good life: aspiration and suicide in globalizing south India. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2014.
44.
Marecek J. Young women’s suicide in Sri Lanka: cultural, ecological, and psychological factors. Asian J Couns. 2006;13(1):63–92.
45.
Kohrt BA, Speckman RA, Kunz RD, Baldwin JL, Upadhaya N, Acharya NR, Sharma VD, Nepal MK, Worthman CM. Culture in psychiatric epidemiology: using ethnography and multiple mediator models to assess the relationship of caste with depression and anxiety in Nepal. Ann Hum Biol. 2009;36(3):261–80.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Bruffaerts R, Demyttenaere K, Hwang I, Chiu WT, Sampson N, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Borges G, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R. Treatment of suicidal people around the world. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. 2011;199(1):64–70.CrossRef
47.
Warren KD. “We Do What We Can” Creating success in a New England Refugee Resettlement Agency. 2013.
48.
Hefferan T. Bridging the gaps: faith-based organizations, neoliberalism, and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lexington: Lexington Books; 2009.
49.
Ku L, Matani S. Left out: immigrants’ access to health care and insurance. Health Aff. 2001;20(1):247–56.CrossRef
50.
Terheggen MA, Stroebe MS, Kleber RJ. Western conceptualizations and Eastern experience: a cross-cultural study of traumatic stress reactions among Tibetan refugees in India. J Trauma Stress. 2001;14(2):391–403.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Chase LE, Welton-Mitchell C, Bhattarai S. “Solving Tension”: coping among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. Int J Migr Health Soc Care. 2013;9(2):71–83.CrossRef
52.
Chase L. Psychosocial resilience among resettled Bhutanese refugees in the US. Forced Migr Rev. 2012;40:47.
53.
Marecek J. Culture, gender, and suicidal behavior in Sri Lanka. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1998;28(1):69–81.PubMed
54.
Acharya L, Upadhya KD, Kortmann F. Mental health and psychosocial support aspects in disaster preparedness: Nepal. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2006;18(6):587–92.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Kohrt BA, Worthman CM. Gender and anxiety in Nepal: the role of social support, stressful life events, and structural violence. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009;15(3):237–48.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Hollifield M, Verbillis-Kolp S, Farmer B, Toolson EC, Woldehaimanot T, Yamazaki J, Holland A, St Clair J, SooHoo J. The Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15): development and validation of an instrument for anxiety, depression, and PTSD in refugees. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35(2):202–9.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
An Investigation into Suicides Among Bhutanese Refugees Resettled in the United States Between 2008 and 2011
verfasst von
Ashley K. Hagaman
Teresa I. Sivilli
Trong Ao
Curtis Blanton
Heidi Ellis
Barbara Lopes Cardozo
Sharmila Shetty
Publikationsdatum
12.01.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Elektronische ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0326-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Original Paper

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among South Asian Women Living in Southern Ontario

Original Paper

Psychological Stress of Hispanics Living on the Border

Original Paper

A Path Analysis of Mental Health Among Thai Immigrant Employees in Pranakron Si Ayutthaya Province

Original Paper

Impact of the Boston Marathon Bombing and Its Aftermath on Refugees and Survivors of Torture

Original Paper

Screening for Depression in Latino Immigrants: A Systematic Review of Depression Screening Instruments Translated into Spanish

Original Paper

Suicidal Ideation and Mental Health of Bhutanese Refugees in the United States