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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 6/2020

19.02.2020 | Anästhetika | Leitthema

Anästhesie bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen

verfasst von: PD Dr. J. Prottengeier, B. Amann, T. Münster

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 6/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen (NME) sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Störungen der motorischen Einheit. Allen gemeinsam ist das Leitsymptom der Muskelschwäche. In Abhängigkeit von Entität und Phänotyp kommt es zu einer großen Bandbreite von Störungen neuronaler, junktionaler oder myozytärer Strukturen. Neben einer Schwäche der Skelettmuskulatur können Schlundmuskulatur, Atempumpe oder Herzmuskel betroffen sein. Die möglichen Folgen sind Immobilität, Deformitäten, Aspirationsneigung sowie respiratorische und kardiale Insuffizienz. Im Umfeld von Operationen und Narkosen müssen Komplikationen, die sich aus der Grunderkrankung und deren Zusammenspiel mit einer Anästhesie ergeben können, antizipiert und abgewehrt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt entlang des Behandlungspfades, wie präoperative Evaluation, Wahl des Narkoseverfahrens und postoperative Betreuung effektiv und sicher auf die Bedürfnisse von Patienten mit NME ausgerichtet werden können. Praktische Hinweise für die konkrete Durchführung einer Anästhesie bei den wichtigsten NME werden ebenso präsentiert wie externe Quellen für Handlungsempfehlungen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Anästhesie bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen
verfasst von
PD Dr. J. Prottengeier
B. Amann
T. Münster
Publikationsdatum
19.02.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 6/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-020-00738-1

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