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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 7/2016

13.06.2016 | Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome | Leitthema

Entwicklungen der Immunmodulation nach Transplantation im Hinblick auf De-novo-Malignome und Tumorrezidive

verfasst von: Dr. J. Mittler, H. Lang

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 7/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Organtransplantierte Patienten haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, maligne Tumoren zu entwickeln. Im langfristigen Verlauf nach Organtransplantation stellen maligne Tumoren nach den kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen die zweithäufigste Todesurasche dar. Ziel dieses Reviews ist eine überblickende Darstellung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Immunmodulation und Tumorentstehung nach Organtransplantation.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Neben individuellen Risikofaktoren werden die immunologischen Veränderungen nach Organtransplantation als Ursache des erhöhten Krebsrisikos angesehen. Histokompatibilität, HLA-Status, die kumulative Immunsuppressionsdosis in der Induktions-, Erhaltungs- und Abstoßungsbehandlung, das mit spezifischen Immunsuppressiva assoziierte Malignitätsrisiko sowie eine erhöhte Inzidenz onkogener viraler Infektionen scheinen zum erhöhten Krebsrisiko nach Organtransplantation beizutragen. Ein gründliches Tumorscreening vor und nach Transplantation, antivirale Prophylaxen und eine so niedrig wie möglich dosierte Immunsuppression sind gegenwärtige Strategien, um das Risiko für die Entstehung maligner Tumore nach Transplantation zu senken. Die Entwicklung neuer Immunsuppressiva und Protokolle zur Toleranzinduktion und klinische Erfahrungen mit systemischen und lokalen immunbasierten Tumortherapien können zukünftig ebenso dazu beitragen wie ein besseres Verständnis der Pathomechanismen der Kanzerogenese unter Immunsuppression.
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Metadaten
Titel
Entwicklungen der Immunmodulation nach Transplantation im Hinblick auf De-novo-Malignome und Tumorrezidive
verfasst von
Dr. J. Mittler
H. Lang
Publikationsdatum
13.06.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-016-0051-3

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