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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 9/2022

20.08.2022 | Anästhesiologisches Vorgehen bei Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen | Leitthema

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) in der Kardioanästhesie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. J. C. Kubitz, A.-M. Schubert, L. Schulte-Uentrop

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 9/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERACS) ist ein interdisziplinärer und interprofessioneller Behandlungsansatz für kardiochirurgische Patienten. Etablierte Enhanced-recovery-after-surgery(ERAS)-Protokolle anderer Fachdisziplinen (z. B. aus der kolorektalen Chirurgie) wurden in den letzten 3 Jahren in die Kardioanästhesie übertragen und angepasst. Als erste ERACS-Säule wurden Programme zur Prähabilitation eingeführt und erste wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu deren Einfluss auf den physischen und psychischen Zustand des Patienten sowie den Ernährungszustand durchgeführt. Hierzu gehört auch die Behandlung einer präoperativen Anämie. Die zweite ERACS-Säule umfasst intraoperative Behandlungsstrategien zur Reduktion von Infektionen, den rigiden Sternumverschluss und die Anästhesieführung. Hierbei sind die Verwendung kurz wirksamer Anästhetika sowie eine zielgerichtete Flüssigkeitstherapie und ein multimodales Schmerzkonzept bedeutsam. Als dritte ERACS-Säule wird eine zeitnahe Erholung und Wiederherstellung der Patientenautonomie durch frühe Extubation und Mobilisierung, effektive postoperative Analgesie und Delirmanagement angestrebt.
Die Einführung eines ERACS-Protokolls ist eine Herausforderung für das gesamte Team und benötigt neben einem für die eigene Klinik adaptierten Protokoll auch die Bereitschaft, diesen „Kulturwandel“ in der perioperativen Medizin durchzuführen. Vielerorts sind ERACS-Protokolle für die minimal-invasive Kardiochirurgie eingeführt worden und haben den Anstoß gegeben, derartige Protokolle auch für spezielle kardiochirurgische Patientenkollektive, wie Kinder oder Patienten zur linksventrikulären Assist-Device-Implantation, zu entwickeln.
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Metadaten
Titel
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) in der Kardioanästhesie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. J. C. Kubitz
A.-M. Schubert
L. Schulte-Uentrop
Publikationsdatum
20.08.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 9/2022
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-022-01190-z

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