Background
Methods
Patients
Laboratory examination
Indices of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity/resistance
Pathology
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical, biochemical and pathological profiles of groups according to glucose tolerance
NGT | IGM | DM |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 47 | 51 | 33 | |
Age | 38.9 ± 2.5 | 48.0 ± 2.1* | 54.7 ± 2.4* | <0.0001 |
Sex (M/F) | 33/14 | 28/23 | 12/21* | 0.0110 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 0.9 | 28.7 ± 0.7 | 28.4 ± 0.8 | 0.5028 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.08 ± 0.08 | 5.24 ± 0.06 | 6.46 ± 0.18*,** | <0.0001 |
G0 (mmol/L) | 5.13 ± 0.09 | 5.54 ± 0.08 | 7.02 ± 0.33*,** | <0.0001 |
G120 (mmol/L) | 6.90 ± 0.24 | 9.08 ± 0.21* | 14.86 ± 0.66*,** | <0.0001 |
Gm (mmol/L) | 7.95 ± 0.22 | 9.62 ± 0.17* | 13.35 ± 0.48*,** | <0.0001 |
I0 (pmol/L) | 77.9 ± 7.9 | 74.3 ± 6.7 | 86.9 ± 11.9 | 0.6009 |
I120 (pmol/L) | 541.8 ± 58.7 | 702.1 ± 68.3 | 681.8 ± 90.8 | 0.2035 |
Im (pmol/L) | 534.1 ± 46.1 | 547.1 ± 53.7 | 411.2 ± 44.5 | 0.1520 |
IGI (pmol/mmol) | 124.4 (71.5, 191.6) | 75.2* (39.9, 116.6) | 29.7*,** (15.8, 54.8) | <0.0001 |
HOMA-β | 144 (84, 206) | 92 (62, 180) | 72* (53, 115) | 0.0006 |
HOMA-R | 2.43 (1.51, 3.70) | 2.41 (1.55, 4.21) | 3.66 (2.05, 5.52) | 0.0508 |
QUICKI | 0.339 ± 0.005 | 0.336 ± 0.005 | 0.320 ± 0.006 | 0.0427 |
Matsuda index | 2.89 (2.08, 5.20) | 2.74 (1.61, 4.49) | 2.31 (1.46, 3.44) | 0.1561 |
DIO (mmol/L−1) | 1.72 (1.33, 3.70) | 1.15* (0.75, 1.79) | 0.42*,** (0.23, 0.74) | <0.0001 |
M1 n(%) | 9 (19.1) | 7 (13.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0.0093*** |
M2 n(%) | 19 (40.4) | 9 (17.7) | 10 (30.3) | |
M3 n(%) | 6 (12.8) | 10 (19.6) | 6 (18.2) | |
M4 n(%) | 13 (27.7) | 25 (49.0) | 16 (48.5) |
Glucose tolerance and pathological finding in groups according to indices of insulin secretion and resistance
n (%) | Low-IGI 39 (100.0) | Normal-IGI 92 (100.0) | P | Normal-R 35 (100.0) | High-R 96 (100.0) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose tolerance | |||||||
NGT | n (%) | 4 (10.3) | 43 (46.7) | <0.0001* <0.0001** | 16 (45.7) | 31 (33.3) | 0.1564* 0.0284** |
IGM | n (%) | 14 (35.9) | 37 (40.2) | 15 (42.9) | 36 (37.5) | ||
DM | n (%) | 21 (53.8) | 12 (13.1) | 4 (11.4) | 29 (30.2) | ||
Histological classification | |||||||
M1 | n (%) | 5 (12.8) | 12 (13.0) | 0.5947*** | 9 (25.7) | 8 (8.3) | 0.0338*** |
M2 | n (%) | 10 (25.6) | 28 (30.5) | 11 (31.4) | 27 (28.1) | ||
M3 | n (%) | 10 (25.6) | 12 (13.0) | 6 (17.2) | 16 (16.7) | ||
M4 | n (%) | 14 (36.0) | 40 (43.5) | 9 (25.7) | 45 (46.9) |
Clinical, biochemical and pathological profiles of groups according to histological classification
M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 17 | 38 | 22 | 54 | |
Age | 39.4 ± 3.1 | 41.3 ± 2.8 | 51.9 ± 3.6 | 50.0 ± 2.1 | 0.0033 |
Sex (M/F) | 12/5 | 22/16 | 12/10 | 27/27 | 0.5159 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 1.5 | 29.8 ± 0.8 | 26.8 ± 0.9 | 29.4 ± 0.7 | 0.1418 |
HbA1c (%) | 4.99 ± 0.10 | 5.39 ± 0.13 | 5.99 ± 0.30* | 5.55 ± 0.11 | 0.0070 |
G0 (mmol/L) | 5.16 ± 0.11 | 5.69 ± 0.15 | 6.12 ± 0.36 | 5.87 ± 0.20 | 0.1305 |
G120 (mmol/L) | 8.01 ± 0.53 | 9.35 ± 0.59 | 10.80 ± 1.10 | 10.17 ± 0.51 | 0.1068 |
Gm (mmol/L) | 8.88 ± 0.30 | 9.58 ± 0.38 | 10.68 ± 0.75 | 10.27 ± 0.40 | 0.1348 |
I0 (pmol/L) | 48.7 ± 9.4 | 81.3 ± 8.5 | 74.4 ± 10.4 | 88.3 ± 8.6 | 0.0797 |
I120 (pmol/L) | 568.0 ± 134.9 | 638.9 ± 77.9 | 536.4 ± 72.7 | 704.4 ± 65.6 | 0.4840 |
Im (pmol/L) | 516.3 ± 84.5 | 493.9 ± 55.6 | 395.6 ± 49.5 | 561.6 ± 48.0 | 0.2663 |
IGI (pmol/mmol) | 87.6 (32.9, 170.2) | 67.9 (39.0, 126.3) | 48.7 (35.8, 76.4) | 89.4 (43.0, 130.4) | 0.1965 |
HOMA-β | 70 (51, 104) | 125 (62, 169) | 82 (54, 153) | 109 (76, 189) | 0.1645 |
HOMA-R | 1.58 (1.10, 1.85) | 3.41 (1.53, 4.11) | 2.43 (1.31, 5.39) | 3.045 (1.87, 5.16) | 0.0049 |
QUICKI | 0.363 ± 0.010 | 0.330 ± 0.005 | 0.333 ± 0.008 | 0.326 ± 0.004* | 0.0014 |
Matsuda index | 3.20 (2.69, 6.26) | 2.88 (1.87, 4.97) | 2.79 (1.65, 5.65) | 2.65 (1.38, 3.44) | 0.0845 |
DIO (mmol/L−1) | 2.42 (1.14, 3.81) | 1.10* (0.70, 1.59) | 1.03* (0.39, 1.45) | 1.22* (0.56, 2.08) | 0.0061 |
OGTT | |||||
NGT n(%) | 9 (52.9) | 19 (50.0) | 6 (27.2) | 13 (24.1) | 0.0241** 0.2610*** |
IGM n(%) | 7 (41.2) | 9 (23.7) | 10 (45.5) | 25 (46.3) | |
DM n(%) | 1 (5.9) | 10 (26.3) | 6 (27.2) | 16 (29.6) |
Analysis to identify predictive factors for glucose intolerance
Age | Sex | BMI | Loge-IGI | Loge-DIO
| QUICKI | Loge-MI | FL/SH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 1.000 | |||||||
Sex | −0.355 | 1.000 | ||||||
BMI | −0.400 | 0.110 | 1.000 | |||||
Loge-IGI | −0.391 | 0.219 | 0.262 | 1.000 | ||||
Loge-DIO
| −0.293 | 0.087 | −0.050 | 0.821 | 1.000 | |||
QUICKI | 0.052 | −0.157 | −0.454 | −0.143 | 0.444 | 1.000 | ||
Loge-MI | 0.057 | −0.131 | −0.495 | −0.269 | 0.295 | 0.909 | 1.000 | |
FL/SH | 0.244 | −0.104 | −0.074 | −0.033 | −0.167 | −0.124 | −0.120 | 1.000 |
HbA1c | G120
| |
---|---|---|
Age | 0.292 | 0.282 |
Sex | −0.161 | −0.160 |
BMI | −0.014 | −0.152 |
Loge-IGI | −0.588 | −0.603 |
Loge-DIo | −0.656 | −0.639 |
QUICKI | −0.319 | −0.276 |
Loge-MI | −0.200 | n.d. |
FL/SH | 0.224 | 0.172 |
Dependent variable | Independent variables | Coef. | Std. coef. | F value | R2 (|R|) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c (Model 1a) | QUICKI Loge-IGI | −8.416 −0.476 | −0.365 −0.632 | 28.6 85.8 | 0.477 (0.691) |
HbA1c (Model 2b) | Loge-MI Loge-IGI | −0.443 −0.512 | −0.358 −0.679 | 25.6 92.1 | 0.466 (0.683) |
G120
(Model 3c) | QUICKI Loge-IGI | −3.302 −0.202 | −0.323 −0.595 | 21.8 73.8 | 0.403 (0.635) |
G120
(Model 4d) | Sex Loge-DIo | −1.050 −2.134 | −0.144 −0.626 | 4.5 86.4 | 0.428 (0.655) |
Analysis to identify predictive factors for indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion
Dependent variable | Independent variables | Coef. | Std. coef. | F value | R2 (|R|) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
QUICKI (Model 1a) | BMI NAFL/NASH | −0.003 −0.476 | −0.469 −0.204 | 37.2 7.0 | 0.248 (0.498) |
Loge-MI (Model 2b) | BMI NAFL/NASH | −0.063 −0.245 | −0.508 −0.186 | 45.6 6.1 | 0.279 (0.528) |
Loge-IGI (Model 3c) | Age | −0.025 | −0.391 | 23.1 | 0.147 (0.391) |
Loge-DIo (Model 4d) | Age BMI | −0.024 −0.040 | −0.373 −0.199 | 16.8 4.8 | 0.119 (0.345) |