Background
Dai minority and traditional Dai medicine
Brief introduction to traditional Dai medicine theory
Materials and methods
Data source
Prescriptions
Indications
Ingredients
Plant parts
Coding and computerization
Relational structure of the database
Data analysis
Results and discussion
Prescriptions, preparations and attributions
Prescription name | Number of indications | Attribution |
---|---|---|
Ya-Peng-Leng | 10 | Wind |
Ya-Peng-Lang | 9 | Wind |
Ya-Gei-Shuang-Long | 8 | Antidote |
Fei-Mai-Nan-Huang-Luo | 8 | Antidote |
Ya-Gei-Na-Er | 7 | Fire |
Ya-Gei-Sa-Ba | 7 | Antidote |
Ya-Gei-Bi | 7 | Antidote |
Ya-Nuan-Long-Lan-Shen | 6 | Wind |
Ya-Dong-Hong | 6 | Wind |
Ya-Sha-Long-Jie-Huo | 6 | Fire |
Ya-Xi-Li-Meng-La-Ga-Han | 6 | Antidote |
Attribution Preparation | All elements | Wind | Fire | Water | Earth | Antidote | Others | Total (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decoction (%) | 3 (0.5) | 117 (20.4) | 128(22.3) | 153 (26.7) | 134 (23.3) | 31 (5.4) | 8 (1.4) | 574 (62.8) (100) |
Powder (%) | 29 (19.2) | 54 (35.8) | 10 (6.6) | 5 (3.3) | 20 (13.2) | 0 (0) | 33 (21.9) | 151 (16.5) (100) |
Pill (%) | 15 (19.5) | 3 (3.9) | 14 (18.2) | 6 (7.8) | 9 (11.7) | 24 (31.2) | 6 (7.8) | 77 (8.4) (100) |
Vinum (%) | 4 (8.5) | 21 (44.7) | 7 (14.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 15 (31.9) | 47 (5.1) (100) |
Sleeping on heated herbs (%) | 0 (0) | 32 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (3.5) (100) |
Taking juice (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (11.8) | 5 (29.4) | 17 (1.9) (100) |
Boiling with meat (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (31.2) | 3 (18.8) | 6 (35.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (1.8) (100) |
Total (%) | 51 (5.6) | 229 (25.1) | 166 (18.2) | 173 (18.9) | 171 (18.7) | 57 (6.2) | 67 (7.3) | 914 (100) (100) |
Clinical indications, diseases and symptoms
Symptom | Frequency |
---|---|
Abdominal pain▴ | 55 |
Fatigue/Lassitude | 43 |
Soft or liquid stool▴ | 36 |
Weakness | 33 |
Dark urine | 29 |
Stomachache▴ | 29 |
Abdominal distension▴ | 29 |
Vomiting▴ | 29 |
Dry and hard stool▴ | 29 |
Dry mouth | 28 |
No appetite▴ | 27 |
Yellow and greasy furred tongue* | 25 |
White, greasy and thick furred tongue* | 23 |
Pale face | 23 |
Fever | 23 |
Heart palpitation | 20 |
Dizziness | 20 |
Nausea▴ | 20 |
Herb species identification and plant parts
Local name | Botanical name | Attribution(s) | Application or indications | Preparation(s) | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biu Biu Liang | Plumbago indica L. | Fire, wind and water | Whole herb used for arthritis/joint pain, abnormal menstruation, menstrual colic, cough, asthma, weakness, impotence. | Soup obtained from whole herb deposited in alcohol or after decoction to be taken orally. | 24 (12.0) |
Hao Ming | Curcuma longa L. | Water, earth and wind | Rhizome used for arthralgia, traumatic injury, distending pain of chest and abdomen, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, swollen sores and furuncle, insect bites. | Soup or juice of Rhizome obtained after decoction or juicing to be taken orally. | 20 (10.0) |
Pi Nuai | Piper nigrum L. | Fire | Fruit used for abdominal pain, toothache, cough, asthma, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. | Fruit made into powder or soup obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 19 (9.5) |
Wen Shang Hai | Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. | Water | Bulb and whole herb used for the deficiency of Qi and blood due to postpartum, poisoning of food, epilepsy, damp-heat jaundice. | Soup of bulb and whole herb obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 17 (8.5) |
Guan Di | Vitex trifolia L. | Wind and water | Fruit and leaf used for dizziness, poor vision, hemiplegia, red swelling and pain of joints, spasm and pain of extremities, muscle and bone pain. | Soup of fruit or leaf after decoction to be taken orally. | 17 (8.5) |
Han Hao Nan | Acorus calamus L. var. verus L. | Wind, water and earth | Rhizome used for abdominal pain and diarrhea, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache, insomnia and dreamful sleep, asthma. | Soup of rhizome obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 16 (8.0) |
Jing Lang | Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. | Wind and water | Seed used for dizziness, headache, insomnia and dreamful sleep, postpartum bleeding, anemia, hypogalactia, menoxenia, menstrual colic, amenorrhea, epilepsia, muscle and joint pain, stomachache. | Chewed seed to be taken orally or smashed seeds to be sniffed. | 15 (7.5) |
Mi Huo Wa | Tacca chantrieri Andre’ | Fire, water and wind | Rhizome and leaf used for mumps, submaxillary lymph nodes soreness, galactophore soreness, sore throat, cough, phlegm much, abdominal pain and unknown toxin. | Soup of rhizome or leaf obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 15 (7.5) |
Guo Long Liang | Cassia fistula L. | Wind and water | Fruit, root, stem, bark and leaf used for oppilation, dysuresia, urinary stones, frequent and scanty urination with continuous dripping, sore throat due to heat-wind evils, orolingual furuncles, tumor, headache, dizziness. | Fruit to be chewed and taken orally. Soup of root, stem, bark and leaf obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 14 (7.0) |
Huang Giu | Eclipta prostrata (L.)L. | Water | Whole herb used for dysentery, abdominal pain, febrile convulsion, skin and external diseases. | Juice extracted from whole herb to be taken internally or applied externally. | 13 (6.5) |
Zhu Zha Ling | Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. | Water | Vine used for insufficiency of Qi and blood, general debility and lassitude, palpitation, pain of limbs and joints due to wind-dampness evils, blood stasis and swelling due to traumatic injury. | Vine to be deposited in alcohol or made into powder and the alcohol or powder to be taken orally. | 13 (6.5) |
He Tao Leng | Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. | Water, earth and wind | Vine used for dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain, and anemia and to reduce rheumatic pain and joint aches. | Soup of vine obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 12 (6.0) |
Bu Luei | Zingiber purpureum Rosc. or Zingiber corallinum Hance. | Earth | Rhizome used for abdominal pain, abdominal distension due to food retention, nausea and vomiting, hepatosplenomegaly, arthralgia due to wind-heat. | Soup of rhizome obtained from decoction or powder of rhizome to be taken orally. | 12 (6.0) |
Ya La Meng | Cassia obtusifolia L. | Water | Whole herb used for insomnia and dreamful sleep, cramps, jaundice, malaria, hepatitis. | Soup of whole herb obtained from decoction to be taken orally. | 12 (6.0) |
Hiam Leng | Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. | Earth and water | Stem used for jaundice, abdominal distension, heat and pain, dry mouth and throat, diarrhea, orolingual sore, irritability, menorrhagia. | Soup of stem obtained from decoction to be taken orally or applied externally. | 11 (5.5) |
Medicinal part | Frequency (%) |
---|---|
Root | 349 (38.2) |
Whole herb | 179 (19.6) |
Stem | 111 (12.2) |
Seed | 55 (6.0) |
Fruit | 47 (5.1) |
Leaf | 43 (4.7) |
Bark | 40 (4.4) |
Pith | 14 (1.5) |
Flower | 20 (2.2) |
Latex | 12 (1.3) |
Bud | 11 (1.2) |
Other | 33 (3.6) |
Total | 914 (100) |