Background
Methods
Plant collection and preparation of extracts
Animals
Drugs
Animals grouping and treatment
Effects of F. asperifolia and testosterone in normal immature male rats
Effects of drugs in castrated male rats
Effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. asperifolia
Effects of co-administration of F. asperifolia and testosterone
Effects of co-administration of F. asperifolia and bicalutamide
Sacrifice and biochemical measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Effects of treatments on immature normal rats
Groups | Body weight (g) | Body weight variation (%) | Relative organ weights (mg/100 g) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | Testes | Epididymis | Vas deferens | Ventral prostate | Seminal vesicles | ||
Distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 120.00 ± 6.4 | 173.40 ± 8.84 | 44.43 ± 1.94 | 1087.85 ± 20.38 | 232.78 ± 21.60 | 63.32 ± 5.05 | 41.37 ± 7.23 | 186.47 ± 30.51 |
5% Tween 80 (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 118.80 ± 4.35 | 168.00 ± 6.77 | 41.51 ± 3.33 | 1099.65 ± 71.13 | 231.52 ± 27.78 | 57.65 ± 5.44 | 45.63 ± 7.42 | 145.48 ± 26.45 |
Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) | 120.40 ± 5.87 | 210.20 ± 12.3 | 74.41 ± 4.59** | 416.25 ± 53.92*** | 197.87 ± 7.31 | 66.32 ± 1.68 | 66.59 ± 11.06 | 484.98 ± 27.42*** |
F. asperifolia
| ||||||||
Aqueous extract | ||||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 121.20 ± 4.03 | 176.80 ± 7.11 | 45.81 ± 2.62≠≠
| 1098.54 ± 77.69≠≠≠
| 338.34 ± 29.42**≠≠≠
| 81.64 ± 6.00*≠
| 76.72 ± 16.10* | 273.40 ± 38.99*≠≠≠
|
500 mg/kg b.w. | 124.80 ± 7.08 | 187.80 ± 9.49 | 51.05 ± 4.91≠
| 1161.92 ± 75.33≠≠≠
| 310.56 ± 23.81*≠≠
| 64.34 ± 2.66 | 64.63 ± 5.09 | 243.13 ± 19.96≠≠≠
|
Methanolic extract | ||||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 120.00 ± 6.38 | 190.60 ± 9.66 | 60.16 ± 10.40 | 1189.18 ± 53.47≠≠≠
| 327.13 ± 24.35*≠≠
| 70.77 ± 4.27 | 96.42 ± 11.72** | 307.49 ± 28.97**≠≠≠
|
500 mg/kg b.w. | 123.40 ± 7.81 | 194.20 ± 6.45 | 59.95 ± 11.47 | 1279.15 ± 14.60*≠≠≠
| 340.21 ± 32.27**≠≠≠
| 72.76 ± 5.80 | 99.81 ± 13.00***≠α
| 308.94 ± 29.35**≠≠≠
|
Groups | Total proteins | Total cholesterol | Prostatic acid phosphatase (U/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epididymis (mg/ml) | Plasma (mg/ml) | Testes (mg/g) | Plasma (mg/dl) | ||
Control (Distilled water, 10 ml/kg b.w.) | 85.70 ± 8.82 | 61.18 ± 3.33 | 0.86 ± 0.21 | 7.42 ± 0.23 | 2.55 ± 0.63 |
5% Tween 80 (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 83.44 ± 15.20 | 54.58 ± 2.28 | 1.77 ± 0.30 | 6.30 ± 1.14 | 2.37 ± 0.59 |
Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) | 72.88 ± 14.20 | 48.50 ± 6.43* | 1.03 ± 0.19** | 7.31 ± 1.1 | 1.00 ± 0.13** |
F. asperifolia
| |||||
Aqueous extract | |||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 121.82 ± 5.77≠
| 60.89 ± 1.55≠
| 0.59 ± 0.19 | 7.01 ± 1.07 | 0.93 ± 0.18** |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 101.05 ± 22.51 | 53.06 ± 3.35 | 0.39 ± 0.09≠
| 8.05 ± 0.45 | 1.19 ± 0.16* |
Methanolic extract | |||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 107.37 ± 17.58 | 60.61 ± 1.65≠
| 0.16 ± 0.07**≠≠
| 7.78 ± 0.68 | 0.74 ± 0.11** |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 109.45 ± 21.03 | 63.04 ± 1.98≠≠α
| 0.34 ± 0.07*≠≠
| 7.26 ± 0.36 | 1.39 ± 0.25* |
Effects of drugs in immature castrated rats
Effects of F. asperifolia extracts in immature castrated rats
Treatments | Body weight (g) | Body weight variation (%) | Relative organ weights (mg/100 g) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | Epididymis | Vas deferens | Ventral prostate | Seminal vesicles | ||
Normal plus distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 120.00 ± 6.4 | 173.40 ± 8.84 | 44.63 ± 1.94 | 232.78 ± 21.60 | 63.32 ± 5.05 | 41.37 ± 7.23 | 186.47 ± 30.51 |
Castrated plus distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 124.8 ± 7.53 | 179 ± 14.89 | 43.17 ± 7.56 | 42.47 ± 5.94C
| 16.06 ± 2.15C
| 5.69 ± 0.54C
| 10.00 ± 1.81C
|
Castrated plus testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) | 125.6 ± 3.41 | 207 ± 5.5 | 65.08 ± 4.69*** | 143.10 ± 2.67*** | 50.45 ± 3.52*** | 86.34 ± 2.93*** | 244.53 ± 23.11*** |
5% Tween 80 (10 ml/kg b.w.) + testosterone | 120 ± 5.91 | 179.8 ± 15.16 | 49.15 ± 6.05** | 141.15 ± 13.29*** | 51.36 ± 3.90*** | 68.83 ± 14.66*** | 243.75 ± 58.42*** |
Bicalutamide (2 mg/kg b.w.) + testosterone | 127.4 ± 5.63 | 196.8 ± 15.39 | 54.30 ± 7.98 | 83.93 ± 7.98 | 38.30 ± 3.79##
| 26.76 ± 0.82###
| 112.54 ± 18.45###
|
F. asperifolia
| |||||||
Aqueous extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 120 ± 6.44 | 167 ± 5.89 | 39.73 ± 2.82 | 77.20 ± 5.00* | 18.89 ± 0.91 | 10.35 ± 1.90 | 19.11 ± 2.24 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 121 ± 8.28 | 161.8 ± 9.29 | 34.12 ± 1.90 | 61.76 ± 10.99 | 25.09 ± 3.72 | 11.06 ± 1.75 | 19.60 ± 3.77 |
Methanolic extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 121.6 ± 5.9 | 174.6 ± 7.69 | 43.76 ± 2.20 | 38.62 ± 1.04 | 12.67 ± 0.39 | 6.74 ± 0.72 | 17.18 ± 1.87 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 120.8 ± 1.61 | 169.8 ± 9.04 | 40.50 ± 0.75 | 40.18 ± 6.76 | 15.89 ± 2.18 | 8.074 ± 1.50 | 21.28 ± 4.49 |
Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) plus aqueous extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 125.8 ± 5.06 | 184.6 ± 9.55 | 46.50 ± 2.93###●
| 162.37 ± 8.60●●●
| 54.85 ± 1.91●●●
| 100.00 ± 8.43●●●
| 322.15 ± 30.10#●●●
|
500 mg/kg b.w. | 126.2 ± 3.93 | 187.4 ± 5.03 | 48.62 ± 1.91###
| 165.86 ± 9.65●●●
| 61.51 ± 4.03#●●●
| 101.38 ± 2.66●●●
| 325.08 ± 16.12#●●●
|
Testosterone plus methanolic extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 120.4 ± 5.91 | 175.6 ± 8.32 | 45.96 ± 2.39###
| 182.87 ± 16.88##●●●
| 72.86 ± 5.29###●●●
| 162.15 ± 17.84###●●●
| 544.91 ± 62.23###●●●
|
500 mg/kg b.w. | 122 ± 4.51 | 185 ± 4.16 | 52.12 ± 3.95≠
| 137.50 ± 8.16●●●
| 65.16 ± 3.99##●●●
| 146.33 ± 11.15###●●●
| 455.53 ± 36.05###●●●
|
Bicalutamide (2 mg/kg b.w.) plus aqueous extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 125.8 ± 5.79 | 183.8 ± 5.49 | 47.64 ± 5.67 | 79.35 ± 7.16 | 23.83 ± 2.64 | 6.315 ± 1.23 | 31.90 ± 4.28 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 122.2 ± 5.3 | 183.4 ± 9.36 | 50.07 ± 1.99 | 34.74 ± 7.39 | 10.29 ± 2.64●
| 1.31 ± 0.36 | 13.21 ± 1.85 |
Bicalutamide plus methanolic extract | |||||||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 120.8 ± 4.89 | 161.6 ± 6.27 | 34.12 ± 4.71 | 33.34 ± 3.46 | 15.57 ± 1.90 | 4.79 ± 0.47 | 15.68 ± 2.34 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 120 ± 5.97 | 167 ± 7.83 | 39.40 ± 3.63 | 43.35 ± 3.41 | 19.01 ± 0.67 | 7.63 ± 0.75 | 17.45 ± 1.93 |
Treatments | Total proteins | Prostatic acid phosphatase (U/g) | |
---|---|---|---|
Epididymis (mg/g) | Plasma (mg/ml) | ||
Normal plus distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 85.70 ± 8.82 | 61.18 ± 3.33 | 2.55 ± 0.63 |
Castrated plus distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w.) | 52.03 ± 11.18 | 58.99 ± 3.06 | 0.21 ± 0.04C
|
Castrated plus testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) | 75.68 ± 16.84 | 64.92 ± 1.88 | 0.78 ± 0.10* |
5% Tween 80 (10 ml/kg b.w. plus testosterone | 62.13 ± 8.90 | 62.15 ± 5.39 | 0.75 ± 0.24 |
Bicalutamide (2 mg/kg b.w.) plus testosterone | 45.33 ± 9.22 | 56.10 ± 4.24 | 0.37 ± 0.17 |
Castrated plus aqueous extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 91.84 ± 14.57 | 64.62 ± 3.01 | 0.59 ± 0.20 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 77.30 ± 24.02 | 66.26 ± 3.10 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
Castrated plus methanolic extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 59.24 ± 15.86 | 78.18 ± 2.80*** | 0.26 ± 0.08 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 67.82 ± 20.63 | 70.27 ± 4.93* | 0.54 ± 0.11 |
Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) plus aqueous extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 108.73 ± 22.76 | 45.27 ± 2.51###●●●
| 0.51 ± 0.04 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 127.87 ± 22.14#●
| 50.93 ± 1.93##●●
| 0.58 ± 0.09 |
Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) plus methanolic extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 162.83 ± 33.53###●●●
| 62.30 ± 4.87●●
| 0.35 ± 0.10 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 105.20 ± 16.93 | 57.15 ± 1.14●●
| 0.35 ± 0.09 |
Bicalutamide (2 mg/kg b.w.) plus aqueous extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 44.34 ± 10.49 | 70.29 ± 3.74 | 0.11 ± 0.05 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 22.40 ± 7.55●
| 64.24 ± 3.86 | 0.24 ± 0.06 |
Bicalutamide (2 mg/kg b.w.) plus methanolic extract | |||
100 mg/kg b.w. | 29.62 ± 7.43 | 59.26 ± 2.20●●●
| 0.15 ± 0.06 |
500 mg/kg b.w. | 26.55 ± 10.15 | 53.73 ± 2.50●●
| 0.18 ± 0.03 |