Background
Methods
Study population
Min–max | Average (SD) | |
---|---|---|
Annulus diameter [mm] | 21.0–34.0 | 27.1 (3.2) |
AML 4CH [mm] | 19.0–29.7 | 25.0 (2.7) |
AML PLAX [mm] | 22.3–36.0 | 31.4 (3.1) |
The greatest gradient before operation [mmHg] | 40.00–195 | 96.53 (33.25) |
The greatest gradient after operation [mmHg] | 5.00–110 | 28.86 (22.60) |
Before operation | After operation | |
---|---|---|
Nonea | 2 (5.6%) | 7 (19.4%) |
Milda | 14 (38.9%) | 24 (66.7%) |
Moderatea | 19 (52.8%) | 3 (8.3%) |
Severea | 1 (2.8%) | 2 (5.6%) |
Medicine | N (%) |
---|---|
Amlodipine | 9 (25) |
Verapamil | 4 (11.1) |
Beta blockers | 34 (94.4) |
ACEI/ARB | 12 (33.3) |
MCRA | 4 (11.1) |
Amiodarone | 2 (5.6) |
Diuretics | 5 (13.9) |
Comorbidity type | N (%) |
---|---|
Hypertension | 12 (33.3) |
CAD | 2 (5.6) |
CAD after PCI | 5 (13.9) |
Atrial fibrillation | 14 (38.9) |
Tobacco use | 7 (19.4) |
COPD | 3 (8.3) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (44.4) |
Obesity | 8 (22.2) |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 (11.1) |
Chronic kidney disease | 2 (5.6) |
TIA/stroke | 2 (5.6) |
Sleep apnoea | 1 (2.8) |
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia | 6 (16.6) |
Syncopes | 22 (61.1) |
Before surgery | After surgery | |
---|---|---|
NYHA I | 0 (0%) | 20 (55.6%) |
NYHA II | 8 (22.2%) | 13 (36.1%) |
NYHA III | 26 (72.2%) | 3 (8.3%) |
NYHA IV | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) |
Echocardiographic assessment
Min–max | Average (SD) | |
---|---|---|
AML 4CH x annulus | 4.56–9.86 | 6.78 (1.2) |
AML PLAX x annulus | 5.72–11.73 | 8.53 (1.45) |
AML 4CH / annulus | 0.60–1.21 | 0.93 (0.14) |
AML PLAX / annulus | 0.74–1.51 | 1.17 (0.16) |
Surgical treatment
Ethics
Statistical analysis
Results
Gradient after operation p-value | MR after operation p-value | |
---|---|---|
AML PLAX | (−) 0.020 | (−) 0.329 |
AML 4CH | (−) 0.076 | (−) 0.009 |
AML 4CH x annulus | (−) 0.025 | (−) 0.846 |
AML PLAX x annulus | (−) 0.012 | (+) 0.296 |
AML 4CH / annulus | (−) 0.842 | (−) 0.596 |
AML PLAX / annulus | (−) 0.445 | (+) 0.497 |
annulus | (−) 0.206 | (+) 0.843 |
Responders n = 22 | Non-responders n = 14 | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (man/woman) | 17/5 | 4/10 | 0.004 |
Average (SD) | |||
Age [years] | 48.68 (16.98) | 55.43 (9.58) | 0.137 |
AML 4CH [mm] | 25.9 (2.3) | 23.5 (2.7) | 0.008 |
AML PLAX [mm] | 32.3 (2.3) | 30.0 (3.8) | 0.030 |
Annulus [mm] | 28.1 (2.8) | 25.4 (3.2) | 0.011 |
AML 4CH x annulus | 7.07 (1.12) | 5.93 (1.05) | 0.011 |
AML PLAX x annulus | 8.91 (1.33) | 7.41 (1.27) | 0.006 |
AML 4CH / annulus | 0.94 (0.13) | 0.93 (0.18) | 0.92 |
AML PLAX / annulus | 1.18 (0.14) | 1.16 (0.22) | 0.835 |
NYHA Class before surgery | – | – | 0.229 |
NYHA Class after surgery | – | – | 0.633 |
NYHA Class change before-after | – | – | 0.475 |