Background
Methods
Materials
HPLC of the TRC combination
Acute inflammation mouse model and treatment
Variables | Symbol | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMP (mg/kg) | X1 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 |
Res (mg/kg) | X2 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 |
Cur (mg/kg) | X3 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 |
Group | TMP | Res | Cur | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 10.35 ± 1.48 |
2 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 14.31 ± 1.77 |
3 | 75 | 150 | 50 | 20.41 ± 1.39 |
4 | 100 | 25 | 125 | 12.23 ± 1.71 |
5 | 125 | 75 | 25 | 10.01 ± 2.02 |
6 | 150 | 125 | 100 | 20.27 ± 1.21 |
Dose verification
Group | TMP (mg/kg) | Res (mg/kg) | Cur (mg/kg) | Experimental Efficiency (%) | Predicted Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 25.98 ± 2.68 | 26.17 |
Group | TMP(mg/kg) | Res (mg/kg) | Cur (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Low dose | 25 | 25 | 25 |
Middle dose | 50 | 50 | 50 |
High dose | 75 | 75 | 75 |
The blank group | The model group | The positive group | The TRC combination | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 mg/kg | 50 mg/kg | 75 mg/kg | ||||
ALT(U/L) | 27.88 ± 1.48 | 44.46 ± 2.78 | 33.77 ± 2.37 | 33.68 ± 1.75 | 30.56 ± 2.70 | 31.77 ± 1.77* |
AST(U/L) | 105.50 ± 1.72 | 120.61 ± 1.97 | 105.89 ± 1.28 | 125.01 ± 3.41 | 117.79 ± 3.32 | 105.89 ± 2.21* |
CIA rats model and drug administration
Assessment of arthritis progression
Assessment of inflammatory mediators
Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry
AST and ALT concentration and histological assessment of liver and kidney
Oral acute toxicity (AOT) of TRC combination in mice
Statistical analysis
Results
Dose optimization in the TRC combination
Validation of the model equation
Effect of TRC combination on arthritis in CIA rats
Effect of TRC combination on inflammatory mediators in CIA rats
The histological changes and immunohistochemical staining of TRC
The level of AST and ALT and histopathology in rats
Parameter | Female | Male | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | TRC combination(g/kg, oral) | Control | TRC combination(g/kg, oral) | |||||||
0.5 | 1.08 | 2.32 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.08 | 2.32 | 5 | |||
Mean food intake (g) | 5.5 ± 0.04 | 5.62 ± 0.02 | 6.58 ± 0.03 | 6.33 ± 0.04 | 6.83 ± 0.05 | 7.33 ± 0.04 | 7.83 ± 0.01 | 7.66 ± 0.04 | 7.33 ± 0.02 | 7.83 ± 0.02 |
Mean water intake (mL) | 12.33 ± 0.02 | 12.66 ± 0.01 | 12.83 ± 0.01 | 11.33 ± 0.02 | 11.66 ± 0.02 | 11.16 ± 0.03 | 13.75 ± 0.03 | 14 ± 0.02 | 14.33 ± 0.03 | 13.66 ± 0.04 |
AOT study of TRC combination in mice
Parameter | Female | Male | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | TRC combination(g/kg, oral) | Control | TRC combination(g/kg, oral) | |||||||
0.5 | 1.08 | 2.32 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.08 | 2.32 | 5 | |||
Terminal body |
32.5 ± 1.24 | 31.40 ± 1.74 | 34.33 ± 1.53 | 31 ± 1.64 | 30.33 ± 0.57 |
39.25 ± 2.64 | 38.60 ± 2.40 | 39.00 ± 2.64 | 38.00 ± 2.35 | 39.67 ± 1.53 |
Brain(%) |
1.26 ± 0.16 | 1.32 ± 0.20 | 1.24 ± 0.23 | 1.60 ± 013 | 1.47 ± 0.08 |
1.15 ± 0.20 | 1.32 ± 0.20 | 1.09 ± 0.17 | 5.93 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.06 |
Heart(%) |
0.54 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 0.53 ± 0.06 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 0.54 ± 0.02 |
0. 58 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.08 |
Lung(%) |
0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | 1.04 ± 0.45 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.75 ± 0.05 |
0.68 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.10 | 0.70 ± 0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.05 |
Liver(%) |
5.12 ± 0.16 | 5.06 ± 0.14 | 5.11 ± 0.29 | 5.55 ± 0.63 | 4.97 ± 0.21 |
5.46 ± 0.14 | 5.60 ± 0.06 | 5.64 ± 0.12 | 5.74 ± 0.03 | 5.59 ± 0.20 |
Kidney(%) |
1.24 ± 0.06 | 1.26 ± 0.10 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | 1.34 ± 0.13 | 1.22 ± 0.02 |
1.64 ± 0.19 | 1.56 ± 0.21 | 1.60 ± 0.23 | 1.68 ± 0.14 | 1.54 ± 0.16 |
Spleen(%) |
0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.05 |
0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.10 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.04 |
testis | - | - | - | - | - | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.08 |